If the hackings (黑客行为) taught us anything in 2014, it's actually nothing.
Password management firm SplashData released its list of the worst passwords of the year and it's just as terrible as you'd think. The most common leaked password in 2014 was "123456," followed by "password" — both topped the list the year before, too.
While numbers were as popular as ever as passwords, sports terms like “baseball" and "football" were used more often. Birthday years were common too (especially 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992) and names like "Michael", "Jennifer" and "Hunter" are also among the top 100 worst passwords of 2014.
Here's a look at the top 10 worst passwords of the year:
1. 123456 (Unchanged from 2013) 6. 234567890 (Unchanged)
2. password (Unchanged) 7. baseball (New)
3. 12345 (Up 17) 8. dragon (New)
4. 12345678 (Down 1) 9. football (New)
5. qwerty (Down 1) 10. monkey (New)
This year's worst passwords are painfully weak, but what were once considered clever password strategies — using symbols, capitalizations, the number 3 in place of the letter "e" — are old tricks.
It's now recommended to pick a different password for each account you use — you wouldn't use the same key in all of your locks, and the same goes for passwords.
Companies like Facebook, Twitter and Apple are now trying to make hacking more difficult on their services by offering two-factor authentication (认证), which is basically like double locking your door at night. Each time you want to log into (登录) that account, the company will send a code to your phone — it changes after each login attempt, so hackers would have to be in physical possession of your smartphone to know the code.What can we learn from the text?
| A．Hackers leaked many more passwords in 2014. |
| B．Symbols were among the top 10 worst passwords. |
| C．123456 was the most common leaked password in both 2013 and 2014. |
| D．People are getting more experienced in picking their passwords. |
How many passwords were ranked lower on 2014's top 10 worst password list?
| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
What is recommended in the text to have safer passwords?
| A．Using long and strange passwords. |
| B．Changing passwords regularly. |
| C．Replacing "e" by "3" when setting passwords. |
| D．Choosing different passwords for different accounts. |
To fight against hacking, some companies ______.
| A．don't accept weak passwords |
| B．double lock their doors at night |
| C．combine the password with a code to prove one's identity |
| D．prevent hackers from stealing customers' smartphones |
The first field season is now over at the hut village of the workmen who built the tombs in the Valley of the Kings. However，the archaeologists working on the excavation(挖掘)have found that they still have a great deal to do. The sun, the wind and tourists have left their mark on the village, originally discovered by Bernard Bruyhre in 1935．
“From our modern perspective，it is upsetting to see how the village was first excavated and then left to be destroyed. Passers-by have used the huts as rubbish dumps and restrooms,”says Jaana Toivari—Viitala, a teacher at the University of Helsinki.“Fortunately, while we still have some surface cleaning to do, conservation are off to a good start.”
The hut village offers rare insight into everyday life in ancient Egypt.
“In the early twentieth century，archaeologists were only interested in the tombs of kings. The workmen’s huts they discovered were seen as a neces
sary evil in the quest for the real treasures.”
“Now several international research groups on different excavations are examining everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings. This seems to be a trend in archaeology right now.” Toivari-Viitala says．
Her research group wants to find out why the hut village was built on the slope of a mountain，halfway between the construction site and Deir-el-Medina. They are also interested in how many workers lived in the village at a time, when they lived there, and what their role was in the construction work.
“Comparing the names found in the village and in Deir-el-Medina provides useful information．Judging from the construction methods，settlement in the village can be divided into two separate periods: the initial settlement and a later one.”
For the time being，much is up to guessing, but Toivari-Viitala believes that the coming four field seasons, three months each, will see results.
“The working conditions are not nearly as difficult as I thought they would be. The cool winds in the mountains nicely alleviate the heat.”
The research group working on the “Workmen’s huts in the Theban mountains” project is planning to return to the Valley of the Kings in October..
What does the passage mainly talk about? ________
| A．The hut village in the Valley of the Kings. |
| B．The excavation of the tombs in the Valley. |
| C．The archaeologists working on the excavation. |
| D．Everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings. |
.
Which of the following is NOT true of the hut village according to the passage? _______
| A．It has been damaged a lot. | B．It can tell us something about ancient Egypt. |
| C．It has attracted archaeologists’ attention. | D．It has a lot of real treasures somewhere in it. |
.
What’s the new trend in archaeology right now acco
rding to Toivari-Viitala?
| A．Being interested in the tombs of kings． |
| B．Examining everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings. |
| C．Using the huts as rubbish dumps and restrooms． |
| D．Guessing what the result will be beforehand． |
We can infer from the passage that__________.
| A．people know little about the hut village by now |
| B．the workmen’s huts were not discovered until very recently |
C．the research group wor king on the workmen’s huts will suffer a lot |
| D．the hut village is much more valued by archaeologists than the tombs |
I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a ti
me in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what
it's like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studyi
ng astrophysics(天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as 3 post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards— was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ag
o, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer: 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about..
From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute(归因于) the author's failures to_____.
| A．the very fact that she is a woman |
| B．her involvement in gender politics |
| C．her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist |
| D．the burden she bears in a male-dominated society |
.
What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
C. People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.
D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture.
Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
| A．Female students no longer have to worry about gender issues. |
| B．Her students' performance has brought back her confidence. |
| C．Her female students can do just as well as male students. |
| D．More female students are pursuing science than before. |
.
What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A. Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation.
B.
Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job．The two people will
ingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker．If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per c
ent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits．
Job sharing differs from conventional （常规的） part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment． Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people．Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities．
As would be expected, most job sharers are women．A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age．Subsequent studies have come up with similar results．Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status．Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence．
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs．However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position．Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones．In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals．.
In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
| A．Work sharing requires more working hours． |
| B．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs． |
| C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary． |
| D．Work sharing depends on the employer's decision． |
.
According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because _____．
| A．they sought higher social status |
| B．they were over ideal working ages |
| C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs |
D．they had to take care of both work and family |
.
In job sharing the partners should _____．
| A．enjoy equal social status |
| B．have similar work experience |
| C．keep in touch with each other |
| D．know each other very well |
.
The main purpose of the passage is to ______．
| A．describe job sharing in general |
| B．discuss how to provide more jobs |
| C．recommend job sharing to women |
| D．compare job sharing with work sharing |
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Book 1 : Brack Obama
Grades: 3-5
Our Price: $ 8.95
His mother came from Kansas. His father came from Kenya. He grew up in Hawaii and Indonesia, far from the center of American politics. Few people had even heard of Brack Obama before 2004. Bt one powerful speech in Boston changed all that for the Illinois senator(参议员). In 2008, this inspiring leader ran for the country’s top job, President.
Book 2: Danica Patrick
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Growing up, Danica Patrick dreamed of racing in the Indianapolis 500. In 2005, her dream came true. Danica finished the race in fourth place, the best ever result by a woman. Three years later, she became the first female to win an IndyCar race. As a woman competing in a sport dominated by men, Danica faced many obstacles. But she never stopped believing in herself, no matter what the difficulties.
Book 3: Ellen Ochoa
Grades: 3-5
Our Price: $ 8.95
Some people dream of becoming stars. Ellen Ochoa dreamed of living among them! She worked hard to make her dream of becoming an astronaut come true. On April 8, 1993, she strapped (用带子系好)herself in for the ride of her life aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Ochoa aimed high and boldly went where no Hispanic woman had gone before. Find out about Ochoa’s amazing journey in her own words and photos from her personal collection!
Book 4: LeBron James
Grades: 3-5
Our Price: $ 8.95
Fans, teammates, and opponents know him as King James. Many people consider LeBron James to be the most talented basketball Player of his generation. But there is much more to his story. He overcame hard times as a kid and rose to national fame as a teenager. He then jumped right from high school to the pros. Along the way, LeBron never lost sight of where he came from or who he is..
What do the four books have in common according to the passage?
| A．Their prices are the same and they are all about famous leaders. |
| B．They are all about Africans and their contributions to society. |
| C．They are written for the same grades and their prices are the same. |
| D．They are for the same readers and printed by the same publisher. |
.
Emma is dreaming of being a car racer. Who can be an example to her?
| A．Brack Obama | B． Danica Patrick | C．Ellen Ochoa | D．LeBron James |
.
If John wants to learn something about becoming a basketball player, which book should he read?
| A．Brack Obama | B． Danica Patrick | C．Ellen Ochoa | D．LeBron James |
.
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Obama was popular with most of the people in America before he ran for president. |
| B．In 2005, Danica Patrick became the first woman to win an IndyCar race. |
| C．Ochoa is the first Hispanic woman to have gone aboard the space shuttle Discovery for the ride. |
D．LeBron James is the most talented basketball p layer. |
[l] Imagine waking up to a world where China is the world's leading superpower, astronauts are busy walking on Mars and 
a brand new political party is ruling the UK? Well, this could be die reality in 14 years if some of the predictions of 100,000 Britons are correct．
[2]The survey asked the people of the UK how they pictured the world in 2025．
[3] Nearly half believe Prince William will be crowned King of England instead of Prince Charles although one in six think the monarchy （君主制度） will have been abolished．A quarter of those surveyed believe a new party will form the government in 2025 although the same number of people think t
hat Labor will be back in power．
[4]On the world stage 60 per cent think China is set to become the world's leading superpower, while a third of us think Great Britain will be made up of four self- governed countries．
[5] Meanwhile technology will have come on in leaps and bounds．Four percent are optimistic that there will be a permanent human base on Mars while one in ten expect a colony of humans to be living in space．More than half questioned in the MSN study predict people will watch all their favorite shows via TV sets hooked up to the Intern
et．Two - thirds believe cosmetic surgery（整容手术） will have become
common place and one in six think we will look after our own health using computers rather than .
[6]But at least we can amuse ourselves with the daily comings and goings of pop singers and reality stars, as more than half thinks that “celebrity（明星）”will be a registered profession.What is the main idea of the text?(less than 10 words)
According to the passage, finish the following sentence, （less than 4 words）
The majority of people questioned in the survey believed that China would play___________in the world in 14 years．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words, （less than 6 words）
What did more than 30 percent of the people surveyed think about the UK? （less than 10 words）
What does the underlined word in the third paragraph refer to? （less than 8 words）
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