B
I love my job. I’m trying to understand how plants build themselves out of thin air. It’s exciting, and it’s creative. I like working with other people with different views and I like the sharing of ideas and the piece-by-piece building of understanding by careful observations, experiments and analyses. Then there are those rare moments when suddenly something that is understood clearly makes sense and unconnected ideas fit together to make a satisfying whole.
All these motivations for life as a researcher are evident in the results of a survey to examine the culture of scientific research in the U.K. But the survey has also uncovered threats to the vibrancy (活跃) of this intellectual melting pot. With the expansion of the scientific enterprise, the current squeeze on resources and the drive towards more assessment, researchers are spending increasing amounts of time competing for funding and jobs.
Some aspects of research assessment are reasonably objective: Have these experiments been designed carefully? Does this researcher use the techniques? However, many aspects are fundamentally subjective: Are these projects exciting? Will this person revolutionize the field? All these judgments take time and carefulness, and all of them require the judges to accept the subjectivity of the exercise.
Researchers are now assessed almost entirely on the research papers that they have published in peer-reviewed journals. These are easier to assess than important but less-definite qualities such as public engagement and training, and support provided for colleagues. Publishing in important journals is still thought to be the most important element in determining whether researchers gain funding, jobs and promotions or not. It can lead to a wide range of non-ideal practices, such as over-claiming the significance of research findings, sticking to very fashionable areas of science and leaving important but confirmatory results unpublished due to lack of encouragement to spend time writing them up.
If research stops researchers finding out how the world works for the benefit of society, and makes them compete to get their work published in a particular journal, then the most creative and brilliant people will go and do something else. The people who stay in research will be those mostly encouraged by wanting to look good according to some semi-arbitrary standard. This is causing widespread unease in the research community.
We hope the findings of the survey will stimulate the debate about how to shift the culture back to its roots in creativity and invention, coupled with strictness and openness. If left unchallenged, the current trends will certainly influence what science gets done and therefore what we learn about the world. This is not just some mysterious academic debate, and it matters to everyone.
The results of a survey prove that        .

A．all the researchers can work together

B．some research scientists have done makes no sense

C．all the aspects of research assessment are reasonably subjective

D．researchers are spending amounts of time competing for kinds of motivations

What most affects researchers’ gaining funding?

A．How many papers they have published in important journals.

B．How much support they have given to their colleagues.

C．How many people have quoted from their papers.

D．How much they are engaged in research.

What can we learn from the passage?

A．The quality of research needn’t be valued.

B．The current assessment on research must be used.

C．It’s necessary to build a scientific research culture.

D．Researchers should spend their funding as soon as possible.