DWhydowecallthesoundsofbirds,w

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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Why do we call the sounds of birds, whales and insects songs? Because something about what we hear seems to have beauty, and some mellifluous (动听的) structure that touches us more than any possible message. Though for many years science has cautioned against hearing too much of what we humans would like to hear when we are trying to understand animal sounds, the musicality in some sounds is now starting to have an effect on the science of animal communication itself.
Many specific animal sounds express aggression(进攻), warning, or food, but such practical explanations are tough to apply to the long songs. Some whale songs can go on for up to 24 hours. The usual explanation for birdsong is that the birds are singing to attract mates or to announce the limits of their area. But the audience is not always evident for these long love songs, which have many of the elements related to human music: rhythm, melody (旋律), themes, repeating patterns, organization, variety, interest — all adding up to something humans have found beautiful for thousands of years. “Birds taught man,” wrote Roman poet and philosopher (哲学家) Lucretius, “and taught them songs before their art began.”
What is the scientific value of such sounds? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that though we don’t fully understand it, it is so accessible.
Music refuses explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, which humans can’t live without. Finding music in the sound of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers(边缘) of nature see much closer to us.
The underlined phrase “cautioned against” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.

A．warned against

B．fought against

C．been filled with

D．been satisfied with

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．We call the songs of birds’ sounds because there is beauty that sounds pleasant to the ears.

B．It is believed that birds are singing to attract mates or to warn the limits of their areas.

C．The songs of a bird really carry an emotional message such as “aggression and caring”.

D．It is not very long for people to know that birdsong does have something beautiful.

By saying “Birds taught man”, what did Lucretius mean?

A．People teach rhythm, melody, themes, repeating patterns to birds.

B．Birds can teach people how to go on singing a song up to 24 hours.

C．Human music has, in fact, come from the sounds of birds in nature.

D．Humans learned something beautiful from the sounds of many animals.

From the passage we know that music in nature ________.

A．can’t be explained at all

B．is very easy to pick up and listen to

C．can’t be understood at all

D．is of no scientific value

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One study from scientists recently found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22% less likely to die during a 10-year period than those with fewer friends. Other researchers discovered that having a strong social network could improve brain health as we age.
Even more interesting, feeling close to your friends may give you a different view on things. Researchers gathered 34 college students out side and asked them to estimate the steepness(估计陡峭程度) of a hill after climbing it. Those standing with friends gave lower estimates, and the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.
What is the reason that friends can make obstacles seem less difficult? “People with stronger friendship networks feel that there is someone they can turn to,” said Karen A. Roberto, director of the center of the hospital at Virginia Tech. “Friendship is a valued resource (宝贵的资源).”
It is truly the fact. Friends make your life better. They provide support in hard times. They inspire you to make changes in your life, encourage you to set goals and cheer you on every step of the way until you reach them.
Want to find out more about the power of friendship? Read “Be a Better Friend”, “Make New Friends” and “Keep the Old”.
1. According to the author, if you’ve lost your job you should        .
A. turn to your best friend      B. ask for advice from your teacher
C. face it bravely by yourself    D. ask your parents for help
2. We can learn from the study in Paragraph 2 that        .
A. people with a lot of friends can stay away from illnesses
B. people with many friends may enjoy a longer life
C. 22% of the people who have fewer friends have a short life
D. those who have fewer friends may die 10 years earlier.
3. The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to some thing___________
A. that you are hoping to achieve by a plan
B. that happens to you when you are working
C. that makes it difficult for us to achieve something
D. that you have been trying to do
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A. we should make many friends B. true friendship lives long
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1. What did Helen do after she found Ed was missing?
A. She called the police.     B. She turned to the author.
C. She called the restaurant. D. She searched for him everywhere.
2. We learn from this passage that Ed              .
A. went to the restaurant himself     B. might have developed Alzheimer’s
C. visited his friend in the hospital    D. worried about his wife very much
3. When did the author know that Ed was found?
A. After the author and Helen returned from the restaurant.
B. While the author and Helen were on their way to the restaurant.
C. Before the author and Helen found the manager of the restaurant.
D. When the author and Helen arrived at the parking lot of the restaurant.
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The author was Helen’s friend.    B. The author had seen Ed before.
C. The author went to see his doctor. D. The author worked in the hospital.

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1. The underlined word “attain” in the second paragraph probably has the same meaning as “________”
A. increase      B. gain     C. reach     D. limit
2. With the development of urbanization, people in 2100 will have to      .
A. stay in urban areas and have no chance to get close to nature
B. develop industry rather than agriculture to create job opportunities
C. live a poor and unhappy life because there will be less energy to use.
D. make more creations in agriculture, energy, and water technologies
3. What is the author’s attitude towards urbanization?
A. supportive    B. disappointed   C. surprised    D. worried
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C. Reasons for the rapid increase of population
D. The development of agriculture in 2100

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Jimmy was a twenty-year-old man. His father was a teacher and taught physics in a middle school and his mother worked in a shop. They lived a happy life until his parents died one night when suddenly an earthquake broke out. Luckily his sister took him to see their aunt in the city and they did not stay at home. Everything was destroyed in the earthquake and the two children got into trouble. Thanks to their aunt who was not rich enough, they grew up but they lived a hard life. His sister was so sad that she became a nun(修女). After he finished middle school, he was introduced to and owner of a hotel and began to work there.
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“Can’t anybody help you?”
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“Well, then,” Jimmy said with a smile. “Please arrange a first-class ward for me and post the bill to my brother-in-law.”
1. Jimmy’s parents died           .
A. in an accident   B. in a war   C. in an earthquake   D. from a disease
2. Jimmy and his sister escaped from the earthquake because          .
A. they played outside        B. they were in a safe place
C. their parents saved them    D. the aunt saved them
3. The sister and brother lived a hard life because         .
A. they lost all                    B. they were too young
C. they were hurt in the earthquake    D. they had to look after themselves
4. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The nurse would arrange a third-class ward for Jimmy.
B. Jimmy’s sister became a nun because of her illness.
C. The nurse would post Jimmy’s bill to God.
D. Jimmy had a rich brother-in-law.

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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项
Sydney is Australia’s most exciting city. The history of Australia begins here. In 1788 Captain Arthur Phillips arrived is Sydney with 11 ships and 1,024 passengers (including 770 prisoners) from Britain. Today there are 2.5 million people in Sydney. It is the biggest city in Australia, and one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
There are over 20 fine beaches close to Sydney. Its warm summer climate and cool winter have made it a favorite city for immigrants(移民) from overseas. There are three things that made Sydney famous –its beautiful harbor, the Sydney Harbor Bridge, and the Sydney Opera House.
But there are many more interesting things in Sydney: beautiful shops and restaurants, for example, rows of interesting old houses built everywhere in the 19th century. Summer or winter, day or night, Sydney is an outdoor city.
Some Americans think it is very British. Some British visitors think it is like America. There is some truth in both these opinions, because Sydney takes from both the Old World-Europe, and the New World – America, and makes it into something that is neither British nor America but truly Australian.
1. The climate in Sydney is_____
A. hot in summer and cold in winter   B. warm all the year round
C. neither too hot nor too cold        D. cool all through the year
2 In 1788 Captain Arthur Phillips arrived in Sydney     .
A. with some ships and more than 1,000 passengers
B. with 11 ships and only 700 prisoners
C. with 1,024 passengers besides 700 prisoners
D. with only more than ten ships and some helpers
3. What made Sydney famous?
A. Three things---the beautiful harbor, the Sydney Harbor Bridge and the Sydney Opera House.
B. Immigrants from Britain, the beautiful Harbor and ships.
C. Beautiful shops, modern restaurants and interesting old houses and seas.
D. The Sydney Opera House, interesting old houses and interesting restaurants.
4. The writer thinks Sydney          .
A. is like America         B. is very British
C. is neither British nor American but truly Australian
D. takes from Europe

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