Englishwordsdon’tstaythesame.P

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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English words don’t stay the same. People need new words for new ideas and new inventions. Some new words come into use, and some old words are used in a new way.
English can change by borrowing words from other languages. The word “tomato” was borrowed from Mexico, and “tea” came from China, and so on. Now a great many new space and science words are being borrowed from other countries, too. New words can be created in other ways. For example, some can be created by adding two words together. “Weekend” and “cookbook” are made up of two parts. Sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words. The word “photo” was made from “photograph” by cutting off the end of the longer word. “Plane” was made by cutting off the front part of “airplane”. The names of people and products can become new words. Our “sandwich” was named after a man named Sandwich and “sello(透明胶带)” was a name given by the company that first made the product.
New English words are needed because .

A．people use old words in a new way

B．people need a new way to speak

C．the world is changing in a different way

D．new ideas and new inventions come about quickly

What can we know from the passage?

A．New science words are shorter than the old ones.

B．The best way to make a new word is adding words together.

C．Some new English words are borrowed from other languages.

D．Most new English words are the name of a person or a product.

According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A．New words come into use while older words disappear.

B．New words can only be formed by adding two words together.

C．The word “tea” was borrowed from China.

D．The word “photo” was named after its inventor.

The main idea of the passage is that .

A．the English language is always changing

B．there are new ideas in English today

C．people name new products and inventions

D．the change of languages goes on in the world

This passage may most probably be taken from .

A．a story book

B．a science magazine

C．a business report

D．a TV advertisement

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第II卷
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1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题纸上。2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。
第三部分：写作
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据题目要求用英语回答问题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list anything in our past that we felt ashamed of, regretted or incomplete about and read our lists aloud.
This seemed like a very private process, but there’s always some brave soul in the crowd who will volunteer. The instructor then suggested that we find ways to make an apology to people, or take some action to right any wrong doings. I was seriously wondering how this could ever improve my communication.
Then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story: “Making my list, I remembered an incident from high school. I grew up in a small town. There was a Sheriff that none of us kids liked. One night, my two buddies and I decided to play a trick on him.
After drinking a few beers, we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town, and wrote on the tank in bright red paint: Sheriff Brown is an s.o.b. (畜生). The next day, almost the whole town saw our glorious sign. Within two hours, Sheriff Brown had us in his office. My friends told the truth but I lied. No one ever found out.”
“Nearly 20 years later, Sheriff Brown’s name appears on my list. I didn’t even know if he was still alive. Last weekend, I dialed the information in my hometown and found there was a Roger Brown still listed. I tried his number. After a few rings, I heard, “Hello?” I said, “Sheriff Brown?” paused. “Yes.” “Well, this is Jimmy Calkins.”
“And I want you to know that I did it？”Paused. “I knew it!” he yelled back. We had a good laugh and a lively discussion. His closing words were: “Jimmy, I always felt bad for you because your buddies got it off their chest, but you were carrying it around all these years. I want to thank you for calling me for your sake.”
Jimmy inspired me to clear up all 101 items on my list within two years, and I always remember what I learned from the course: It’s never too late to right the past wrongdoings.
56. What was the uneasy part of communication course about for the writer?
____________________________________________________________________________
57. Please explain the underlined word “buddies” in English.
_________________________________________________________________________
58. Please state one of your wrongdoings and how to right it.
____________________________________________________________________________
59. Why did Sheriff Brown pause twice before he could carry on the telephone conversation?
____________________________________________________________________________
60. What does the writer learn from the course?
_________________________________________________________________________

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How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.
Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body; X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays in scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The newest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.
CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
1．What is NOT true of a CAT scan?
A．It is safer than regular X rays. B．It makes use of computer techniques.
C．It can stop the action of an organ for a short time.
D．It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.
2．The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to      .
A．a badly injured part inside the body       B．a new thing that is unknown to the doctor
C．a strange organ that has grown in the body D．an object that gets inside the body by chance
3．What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?
A．It provides clear photos of moving organs.
B．It can take 3-dimension pictures of inside organs.
C．It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
D．It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.
4．We can infer from this passage that      .
A．patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation
B．doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners
C．CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines
D．CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it
5．The best title of this passage might be       .
A．the Newest Medical Invention
B．New X-ray Machine to Save Lives
C．How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays
D．Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners

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Last year, on report card day, my son and a bunch of his 13-year-old friends piled into the back seat of my car, ready for the last-day-of-school party at McDonald’s. “Jack got a laptop for getting straight A’s, and Laurie got a cellphone,” one boy said. “Oh, yeah, and Sarah got an iPod Nano, and she’s only in third grade,” said another. “And how about Brian? He got $ 10 for each A.”
I suddenly became concerned. These payoffs might get parents through grammar school, but what about high school and beyond? What would be left after the electric guitar, the cellphone, and the portable DVD player?
I saw the road ahead: As the homework load increased, my income would decrease. I saw my comfortable lifestyle vanish before my eyes-no more of those $ 5 bags of already-peeled organic carrots. No more organic anything!
I started to feel surprised and nervous. Would every goal attained by my two children fetch a reward? A high grade point average? A good class ranking? Would sports achievements be included in this reward system: soccer goals, touchdowns, runs-batted-in? What about orchestra? Would first chair pay more than second? I’d be penniless by eighth-grade graduation.
“We never paid anything for good grades,” said my neighbor across the street, whose son was recently accepted at MIT. “He just did it on his own. Maybe once in a while we went out for pizza, but that’s about it.”
Don’t you just hate that? We’re all running around looking for the MP3 player with the most updates, and she’s spending a few dollars on pizza. She gets motivation; we get negotiation.
1．The sentence “As the homework load increased, my income would decrease.” in the third paragraph probably means _____________.
A．taking care of the children would influence my work
B．I would spend more money on my children’s homework
C．reducing children’s homework load would cost me a lot
D．more rewards would be needed as the children grew up
2．We can tell from the passage that the author’s son was in ___________.
A．primary school B．junior middle school C．high school D．university
3．It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.
A．if you pay the children for good grades, they would take it for granted
B．if you buy children pizza for good grades, they would work harder
C．children would not ask for rewards when they enter high school
D．children would not ask for rewards when they enter university
4．The example of the author’s neighbor shows that ____________.
A．pizza is the best way to motivate children
B．reward is not the only way to motivate children
C．the author’s neighbor was very poor
D．the author’s neighbor’s son didn’t like reward
5．What is the author’s attitude toward paying children reward for good grades?
A．Favorable B．Ambiguous C．Disagreeable D．Unknowable

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The question of what children learn, and how they should learn, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the learning of lessons parrot-fashion, the grammar-with-a-whip system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.
Well, you may say, this is as it should be a good idea. But think further. What happens? "Education" becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is "relevant" to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violence? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No: Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.
You see, you can go too far. Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than to write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make elaborate, sophisticated (精致的，复杂的) preparations and try out their "modern methods" on the long-suffering children. Since one "modern method" rapidly replaces another, the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school. Frequently the modern methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so essential for the " informal" feelings the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.
1. People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old system________.
A. too much grammar was taught to children B. children were spoiled
C. children were treated as grown-ups D. children were made to learn passively
2. What view do the modern psychologists hold?
A. Children must be understood and respected.
B. Children are small adults and know what they need.
C. Children are better off without learning lessons.
D. Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.
3. What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?
A. They find that the children dislike the lessons.
B. They tend to blame students for their failure.
C. They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.
D. They no longer want to teach children history.
4. Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant because ________.
A. it is better to use verbs only
B. words are said out of natural feelings only
C. talking freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression
D. it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions
5. According to the passage, the modern methods are understood by ________.
A. neither teachers nor pupils
B. only a handful of teachers and pupils
C. the more sophisticated teachers
D. everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes

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With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only helpful, but it’s essential to have a good sense of humor, just to help us get through each day of our lives. I could never make it through even one single day without simply fooling around with the people around me, just to pick up our mood. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel all good, and warm inside.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with a neighbor, friend, family, or even just someone you meet while standing in a lineup at your corner store? My grandma always told me that a stranger is only a friend that you haven’t met yet. My grandma always found umor in everything she did, even if it was the dirtiest job anyone could imagine. I know I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. This relieves stress in any situation, and it is common courtesy to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor from hearing a great joke, but they would sit there with only the slightest smile on their face. I don’t know how these people can do it. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at us as if we were from outer space.
Without humor in this world, a quality that can be learned, we would find ourselves with a lot of mental problems. There is too much sadness in this world, and we all need to find a way to bring a little light into our lives, so the best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and laugh a whole lot.
1. Why does the author think humor is useful if life?
A. It can help remove the cruelty in the world.Re
B. It can help raise people’s spirits.
C. It builds up people’s confidence.
D. It can make us know more people.
2. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with____.
A. facts and descriptions
B. arguments and proofs
C. examples and conclusion
D. stories and persuasion
3. What does the underlined part “busting a gut” probably mean?
A. Explaining repeatedly.
B. Requesting eagerly.
C. Laughing hard.
D. Keeping silent.
4. The author may not agree that____.
A. it is good to have a sense of humor
B. humor is needed in our everyday life
C. humor can shorten the distance between people
D. humor is a natural quality that is hard to acquire
5. What attitude does the author have to the present world?
A. Doubtful. B. Dissatisfied. C. Indifferent. D. Calm.

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