More women are graduating from colleges than men.The situation is causing some people to worry about the future.The trend could cause social problems，according to a report on July 8 by the Washington Post.
Women received about 57 percent of the bachelor’s degrees awarded this year from colleges and universities in the United States.The figure of 57 percent has been the highest since World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.During the war，many men were in the military.
The gap between men and women is greater among African Americans and Hispanics.Two AfricanAmerican women receive a degree for every AfricanAmerican man.Only 40 percent of Hispanics who get a degree are males.
The USA Department of Education estimates 698,000 females received bachelor’s degree this year.The number of male graduates was 529,000.The trend toward more female graduates began in the mid1980s.Nobody seems to know why.However，many theories exist.
Researchers say the trend could lead to social problems.They also say this may indicate two things.It may reflect the increasing success of women.But it also may show the educational problems affecting men.
High school graduation rates are slightly lower for men than for women.Males also make up the vast majority of students in special education classes.
The Business Roundtable is studying the trend.The group is an organization of chief executives of some of the nation’s largest corporations.Susan Traiman is the director of the group’s education policy.Traiman said the nation couldn’t afford to let half its population fail to develop skills needed for the future.Some people worry about the future because ________.
| A．there are many social problems in America |
| B．more and more men don’t like the life in college |
| C．more AfricanAmerican women receive a degree |
| D．fewer and fewer men receive a degree than women in America |
Which one of the following statements is right according to this passage?
| A．There must be something wrong with the education system. |
| B．40% of the Hispanics get a degree in America. |
| C．Nobody knows the reason why more women get a degree than men. |
| D．More than half of the men received bachelor’s degrees this year. |
The underlined word “estimates” in the fourth paragraph means ________.
| A．guesses | B．explains | C．introduces | D．discovers |
What Susan Traiman said means that ________.
| A．the nation should prevent the women from receiving further education |
| B．the nation would be too poor to develop its education |
| C．the nation didn’t have enough money for women’s further education |
| D．the nation should encourage men to develop skills for the future |
What is the main subject discussed in the text?
| A．Women are more successful in America than men. |
| B．More women than men are graduating from college. |
| C．Men are more successful in America than women. |
| D．There are two kinds of social problems in America. |
Yesterday was my stepmom’s birthday. I hadn’t been home for a long time so I wanted to stop by the house to see her on this special day.
I have been struggling financially so I was afraid of the long trip. Gas is so expensive nowadays! Anyway, I filled my tank with gas and set off.
I stopped at the shopping mall and found a present. It was the perfect gift and I knew she
would love it. But when I got to the cashier my card was declined! I did not have enough money in my account to pay for the gift!
So I pondered the issue for a few minutes. I could put it back and get something cheaper, but I knew there was nothing else in the store she would like as much. So, I got on my smart-phone and transferred some money from my savings account so I was able to pay for the gift. It took a big chunk of my savings but I wanted her to have something special.
She loved the gift and I felt that even though I had spent almost all my money my stepmom deserved the best and I was glad I gave her the best that I could.
Before leaving my parents’ house, my dad took me to one side and, with our secret hand-shake, he gave me some money. I had not said anything to him about my finances but I guess my dad had just known it. When I got to the car, I saw the amount he gave me was three times what I had spent on the gas and the gift!
It goes to show that doing the right thing always comes with great rewards.Why was the writer unwilling to have a long trip？
| A．Because gas was hardly available. | B．Because the writer was short of money. |
| C．Because the writer didn’t like driving. | D．Because the road was difficult to drive on. |
The underlined word “pondered” in Para. 4 means ________.
| A．thought about | B．tried on |
| C．depended on | D．got through |
From the passage, we can infer that ________.
| A．the writer loves his/her stepmom very much |
| B．the gift the writer bought was loved by his/her father very much |
| C．the writer spent all his/her savings buying the gift for his/her stepmom |
| D．the gift the writer bought was the most expensive one in the shop |
Why did the writer’s father shake hands with the writer in secret?
| A．Because he wanted to ask the writer for something special. |
| B．Because he wanted to give the writer some money. |
| C．Because he knew the writer had been struggling financially. |
| D．Because he didn’t want others to copy their handshake. |
The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away． An initiative（措施）started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day．
If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一贯的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices． And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve．
Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach． But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students．
Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency（透明）from colleges． The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates． And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account．
But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place． The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools．
President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2．7 billion． He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job． That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．
The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress． If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information．Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?
| A．To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public． |
| B．To help colleges perform better in the future． |
| C．To help parents and students make better choices of colleges． |
| D．To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough． |
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules． |
| B．Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law． |
| C．SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college． |
| D．Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now． |
A most suitable title for the passage could be______．
| A．Congress To Require Greater Transparency |
| B．What College Parents and Students Need to Know |
| C．What a Good College Is Measured By |
| D．Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices |
What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?
| A．supportive | B．critical | C．indifferent | D．not stated |
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown． They probably came about just to give children something to do．
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another． In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers． This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same． The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology． It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing．In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的） peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared． Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings． Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use． The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）． The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness． Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．Which is a major factor leading to the different variations of toys?
| A．Scientific advances and technological progress |
| B．Different local customs and lifestyles of different peoples |
| C．Craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology |
| D．The artistic tastes of the times and the limitations of available materials |
Why do boys and girls play with different kinds of toys?
| A．Because they are intended for different social roles and responsibilities． |
| B．Because boys like to invent and girls imitate． |
| C．Because boys play with their fathers while girls their mothers． |
| D．Because they will take up different jobs when they grow up． |
One amazing aspect about the “universality of toys” is______．
| A．They appeared all over the world almost at the same time in history． |
| B．They have not changed except in craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology． |
| C．Having existed for thousands of years, toys are still found all over the world today． |
| D．They are a kind of art form, which has been promoted by inventiveness． |
The rise of multinational corporations （跨国公司）, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR．
Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, America’s relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries． Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top five public relations agencies were American-owned． In 1991, only one was． The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative． A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate （公司的） planning activities, compared to about one-third of U．S． companies． It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR．
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs． Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country． Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts （相对应的人） in knowing a second language． Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U．S．employees know two languages． Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage． Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language． Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs． In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal． Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country．
Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）． Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts． According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign．Compared with the American PR personnel, what is/are an advantage（s） of the non-Americans involved in PR?
A． They tend to be more internationally minded
B． They speak more and better foreign languages．
C． They usually pay more attention to global financial situation．
D． Both A and B．What is the immediate cause of the downfall of America’s public relations?
| A．The number of US public relations agencies had greatly decreased by 1991． |
| B．Other countries have increased their efforts in public relations． |
| C．On the global scale, cultural differences have significantly shrunk． |
| D．The British companies are becoming especially sophisticated and creative in public relations． |
It could be inferred that the author of the passage is______．
| A．an American | B．a Briton |
| C．Ted Turner | D．an Asian |
The underlined word “provincial” in paragraph 3 could possibly mean “ ”．
| A．strict in thinking | B．like people from rural areas |
| C．limited in outlook | D．interested in geographical knowledge |
Scientists are worried that an asteroid(小行星) will possibly hit the earth in 2036. If scientists are right, planet earth is 24 years away from a major disaster.
Scientists have been monitoring the progress of a 390-metre-wide asteroid ever since it was discovered last June. They have announced that it could hit the earth, causing huge damage, in 2036.
NASA estimates that the impact from the asteroid named after Apophis and ancient Egyptian demon(魔鬼) would release more than 100,000 times the energy released in the nuclear explosion over Hiroshima. Thousands of square kilometers would be directly affected by the explosion. The whole planet would see the effects of the dust released into the atmosphere.
This is the worst possible scenario(情景) of any asteroid in recorded history.
Having more than 20 years’ warning of possible impact might seem plenty of time. But scientists insist that there is actually very little time left to decide.
Luckily, however, they aren’t short on ideas for deflecting the asteroid. The favored method is also probably the easiest—throwing a spacecraft at the asteroid to change its direction. The European Space Agency plans to test this in the next decade.
One idea that seems to have no support from astronomers is the use of explosive, although this sounds more likely to the public or Hollywood producer.
At present, scientists are trying to make a better estimate of how much time we have, through more observations.
In spring of next year, there will be another chance for radar observation of Apophis. This will help astronomers calculate the orbits of the asteroid more accurately.
If, at that stage, they can’t rule out an impact with the earth in 2036, the next chance to make better observations will not be until 2016, then 2029.
“If we wait until 2029 and the worst—case scenario turns out to be true, it would seem unlikely that we’d be able to do anything about 2036,” warns Prof Fitzsimmons.What does the underlined word “deflecting” most probably mean?
| A．making it smaller. |
| B．observing it clearly enough. |
| C．dividing into pieces. |
| D．changing its direction. |
According to the scientists’ observation, _______.
| A．the asteroid named Apophis will explode in 2036. |
| B．the asteroid named Apophis might hit the earth in 2036. |
| C．the asteroid named Apophis is 24 years old. |
| D．there is plenty of time to decide the way we deal with the asteroid. |
What is the impact from Apophis if it hits the earth?
| A．It will damage Hiroshima. |
| B．Thousands of square kilometers would see the effects of the dust released into the atmosphere. |
| C．It might be the worst damage caused by asteroids in recorded history. |
| D．The whole planet would be directly affected by the explosion. |
It can be inferred from the text that _____.
| A．Hollywood producers will explode Apophis to avoid its hit. |
| B．There are only two chances for scientists to make better observations if they can’t grasp the chance next year. |
| C．NASA plans to throw a spacecraft at Apophis to change its direction. |
| D．It is supportive from astronauts that we explode the Apophis. |
粤公网安备 44130202000953号