A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living among more concrete and fewer trees. Such tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic(流行病) began in the 1980s, and many people believe increased portion sizes and inactivity are to , but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a of the green.
The new research, in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us close identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood means more places for kids to play – which is since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates(相关的事物) of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind : research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive（认知的） for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.
to grassy areas has also been linked to stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.
Glass cautions that most studies don't prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nevertheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.
Finding green space is not easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be to you.
A．findings B．essays C．assumptions D．abstracts
A．scold B．blame C．charge D．criticize
A．among B．along C．beside D．with
A．glued B．related C．associated D．opposed
A．scratching B．denying C．depressing D．shrinking
A．published B．contributed C．illustrated D．circulated
A．at B．to C．for D．over
A．fully B．simply C．seriously D．uniquely
A．vital B．casual C．fatal D．mental
A．still B．already C．too D．yet
A．benefits B．profits C．revenues D．awards
A．outward B．apart C．aside D．outside
A．Solution B．Reaction C．Exposure D．Addiction
A．much B．less C．more D．little
A．article B．expedition C．analysis D．option
A．curiously B．negatively C．necessarily D．comfortably
A．relieved B．appointed C．approved D．performed
A．merely B．always C．mainly D．almost
A．advantage B．exception C．measure D．charge
A．regretful B．merciful C．joyful D．grateful
第二节完型填空（共20小题，小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
I will never forget the summer back in 1969．Funds were 36 because my parents were building a new house．The last few days before payday were the 37 There just wasn't enough food to go around．I can remember 38 we waited for payday as if it were a holiday．My father would stop at the 39 on the way home from work so that my mother could goshopping when he got home．We enjoyed going to the grocery store with her．We would dream about 40 the whole store home．When we returned home, my sisters and I were like a pack of wolves _41_ through the bags．On payday we would 42 until we were ready to burst,knowing that as the week progressed, 43 would become less available．We never had any lunch money． 44 did we have the proper school supplies or nice clothes to wear．The other children often made 45 of us．
One day my father told us he 46 where there were some wild blueberries growing．We had permission to go and 47 them and we were so excited．
I can remember being out there in the hot sun all day picking blueberries．When we got 48_, my mother decided to make a blueberry pie．She spent half the day working on it．We couldn't wait．The 49 of it baking in the oven was driving us crazy．We all waited in the 50 and my mother got angry．She put the pie on the top shelf to 51 while we ate our dinner．
After dinner we raced to the kitchen．I was the 52 one to get to the shelf．I 53 forthe pie and started climbing down．Then it happened! I lost my 54 and let go of the pie．Allthe hard work we had done that day had been 55
36．A．enough B．helpful C．tight D．available
37．A．shortest B．worst C．busiest D．best
38．A．how B．why C．where D．what
39．A．bank B．store C．school D．park
40．A．fetching B．borrowing C．bringing D．keeping
41．A．biting B．tearing C．looking D．breaking
42．A．eat B．wait C．fight D．play
43．A．storage B．time C．supply D．food
44．A．Nor B．So C．Either D．Also
45．A．use B．light C．sense D．fun
46．A．recognized B．realized C．knew D．wondered
47．A．plant B．water C．sell D．pick
48．A．up B．back C．down D．off
49．A．smell B．skill C．act D．taste
50．A．bedroom B．kitchen C．house D．queue
51．A．prepare B．bake C．warm D．cool
52．A．first B．last C．former D．latter
53．A．shouted B．hunted C．cared D．reached
54．A．temper B．weight C．balance D．way
55．A．enjoyed B．destroyed C．stopped D．Lost
第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the attractive young woman with the white cane made her way carefully up the steps. She 36 the driver and, using her hands to feel the 37 of the seats, walked down and found the 38 which the driver had told her was empty. Then she settled in.
It had been a year since Mary, 34, 39 a medical misdiagnosis(误诊), was suddenly thrown into a world of 40 . Mark, her husband, was an Air Force officer and he loved Mary with all his heart. He 41 her how to rely on her other 42 , specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and 43 to adapt herself to the new environment. He helped her befriend the bus drivers who could 44 for her, and save her a seat.
45 , Mary decided that she was ready to try the 46 on her own. Monday morning, she said good-bye and for the first time, they went their 47 ways.
On Friday morning, Mary took the bus to work as usual. As she was 48 the bus, the driver said, “Boy, I 49 envy you.” Mary had no 50 what the driver was talking about, and asked, “What do you 51 ?”
The driver answered, “You know, every morning for the 52 week, a fine-looking gentleman 53 a military uniform has been standing across the corner 54 you as you get off the bus. He 55 you cross the street safely and he watches until you enter your office building. You are one lucky lady.”
Tears of gratitude poured down Mary’s cheeks.
36．A． thanked B． asked C． discovered D． paid
37．A． location B． shape C． size D． cost
38．A． ticket B． bus C． seat D． bag
39．A． according to B． instead of C． thanks to D． due to
40．A． anger B． darkness C． happiness D． light
41．A． asked B． encouraged C． taught D． praised
42．A． feelings B． sights C． senses D． abilities
43．A． how B． when C． where D． who
44．A． make out B． watch out C． find out D． work out
45．A． Finally B． Luckily C． However D． Besides
46．A． visit B． trip C． bus D． work
47．A． opposite B． separate C． difficult D． usual
48．A． getting on B． getting in C． getting off D． getting up
49．A． must B． may C． will D． do
50．A． idea B． opinion C． way D． thought
51．A． want B． mean C． say D． suggest
52．A． next B． old C． past D． following
53．A． by B． on C． with D． in
54．A． searching B． watching C． calling D． noticing
55．A． looks out B． takes up C． believes in D． makes sure
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
There is a fine line between a parent who is active and open-minded and one that doesn’t know when to let go （放手）．As my daughter, Nicole, prepares to leave home for college, I’m discovering how hard it is to stay on the __36__ side of this line．When I hold __37__ the apron strings （围裙带） connecting us, Nicole, eager to __38__ independence, tries to loosen my grasp．What results is a （an） __39__ mother-daughter, push-me, pull-you kind of tango．
For the past two years, it’s gone like this:
Mother’s question: “Have you thought of taking an advanced placement class （大学预修课程） so that you can earn college credit?”
Daughter’s __40__: “No, I’m not interested in that．”
………
I bit my lip a few times and Nicole shot me a few glares．
Two months ago, she was __41__ to a great university．However, I was still the mother having a __42__ time letting go．The night before the introductory meeting of the university, I had read the course catalog carefully and __43__ courses which I thought looked good．We met on the campus the next afternoon, and Nicole’s face __44__ with excitement．“I have had my entire schedule figured out,” she said．“Already?” I was astonished, __45__ she should have discussed it with me．I examined the schedule．Nicole hadn’t taken a （an） __46__ one of the courses I had suggested．Every course she had chosen __47__ suited her interests．Just then I saw a mature, capable young woman with a __48__ mind and the ability to shape her future．She no longer needed her mother __49__ every decision she made．I felt proud, though still a bit __50__．
I __51__ the lessons carefully．Nicole has struggled to learn over the past 18 years: __52__, sympathy, and hard work．There have been a few holes along the way．__53__, she is well-equipped and eager to __54__ the future．The next step, I recognized, was mine to take: giving my daughter and myself the __55__ we both needed．
36．A．left B．right C．either D．each
37．A．onto B．up C．back D．out
38．A．keep B．refuse C．taste D．bear
39．A．awkward B．relaxing C．lively D．beautiful
40．A．comment B．word C．concept D．response
41．A．received B．invited C．treated D．accepted
42．A．good B．great C．hard D．easy
43．A．taken B．underlined C．offered D．emphasized
44．A．lit up B．built up C．turned up D．made up
45．A．imagining B．thinking C．hoping D．adding
46．A．only B．just C．even D．single
47．A．mostly B．hardly C．exactly D．slightly
48．A．sharp B．normal C．different D．typical
49．A．encouraging B．evaluating C．disagreeing D．agreeing
50．A．anxious B．excited C．sad D．tense
51．A．reviewed B．observed C．checked D．studied
52．A．competence B．creativity C．responsibility D．confidence
53．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Still D．Besides
54．A．embrace B．discover C．determine D．control
55．A．character B．strength C．relief D．Independence
第二部分 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The word sharp can be 26 to describe many different things in your home, classroom, and place of work. In this chapter, the writer 27 sharp pencils, meaning pencils with a very fine 28 . The writer does not like dull pencils.
We can also use the word sharp to describe the blades of knives. Knives also have points. We can use the word sharp to describe a 29 kind of point, 30 as the sharp points of kitchen and steak knives. Scissors have blades, too, and we can describe these blades as sharp or dull. Furthermore, the points of scissors are 31 sharp or rounded 32 on the kind of 
scissors. Some tools , such as saws, scrapers, and garden tools, also have blades. We can use the words sharp and dull to describe the blades of these tools 33 . Sharp knives, scissors, and tools are 34 to use. They cut things easily and quickly, without effort.
The word sharp can be used to describe the edges of furniture and 35 some contains. For example, the edge of a table of desk can be 36 . In addition, we can describe the edge of 37 open can as sharp. The top of a can is sometimes sharp 38 to cut your hand. A piece of 39 from a broken jar or bottle is 40 very sharp.
41 , we sometimes use the word sharp to describe people. A person who appears sharp is very well 42 . A person who is sharp, on the other hand, is intelligent, smart, and 43 learn and understand.
To summarize, the word sharp can describe many kinds of 44 that have blades, points, and edges. When we use the word “sharp” to describe people, it can mean nice-looking, well-dressed, or intelligent. It is an expressive word 45 it can be used in many different ways.
26. A. taken B. watched C. used D. read
27. A. talks about B. takes up C. takes away D. talked with
28. A. sharp B. color C. point D. side
29. A. certain B. some C. just D. any
30. A. so B. as 
C. and D. such
31. A. neither B. either C. each D. also
32. A. depending B. deciding C. working D. choosing
33. A. too B. even C. either D. ever
34. A. hard B. exciting C. clear D. easy
35. A. for B. on C. of D. beyond
36. A. sharp B. smooth C. dull D. rough
37. A. a B. an C. the D. /
38. A. so as B. in order C
. so that D. enough
39. A. suggestion B. bread C. glass D. news
40. A. again B. quite C. rather D. ordinarily
41. A. Finally B. Therefore C. However D. Thus
42. A. prepared B. served C. dressed D. wore
43. A. difficult to B. is to C. to D. quick to
44. A. interesting things B. bowls C. objects D. knives
45. A. even though B. because C. if only D. since
三．完形填空
How often do you change your hairstyle or ask for new dresses? You may be 31 to follow trends（潮流）in Western countries, but young people in the United States don’t care as much about
32 as you do.
A recent survey(调查) among high school 33 in China, Japan, South Korea and the US found that 34 teenagers care more about their appearance than young people in the US.
This survey was held in 156 high schools in the four countries. More than 7,000 teenagers were
35 about their views on life and the world. South Koreans, at 83 per cent, cared most about their looks. They were 36 by the Chinese and Japanese, while US students showed the least interest in fashion at only 33 per cent.
“The different results show 37 of cultural background（背景）,” said Sun Yunxiao from the China Youth and Children Research Centre. He explained that in the US there are many different 38 of beauty, so teens are more 39 to be confident about their appearance.
US teenagers’ high self-confidence is displayed（展示） in the 40 . About 85 per cent are happy with themselves. The percentage of self-confident Chinese students stands at only 30 per cent.
What’s 41 , US students showed more individuality（个性）, with 88 per cent 42 that “people should follow their own interests rather than 43 of others”. This is much 44 than South Korea’s 69 per cent, China’s 49 and Japan’s 48.
Japanese students, at 52 per cent, are most dissatisfied with modern society. Chinese and Koreans follow at second and 45 most dissatisfied.
“ 46 to the survey, Chinese students are happy and disciplined (有纪律的). They have a strong wish to make a difference. 47 Chinese students need to be more independent and learn how to relax,” said Sun.
The students have different 48 backgrounds. But home and places where friends gather are the favorite places all teens seek happiness.
Exams and worries about life after graduation cause much 49 among most of the teens
50 for the survey.
31. A. absorbed B. willing C. careless D. unhappy
32. A. hairstyle B. dresses C. fashion D. culture
33. A. teachers 
B. students C. citizens D. colleagues
34. A. Asian B. American C. African D. Western
35. A. answered B. requested C. persuaded D. questioned
36. A. followed B. decreased C. reduced D. compared
37. A. relations B. barriers C. customs D. differences
38. A. awareness B. Standards C. Consciences D. expenses
39. A. admirable B. confused C. likely D. unbelievable
40. A. survey B. setting C. reference D. paper
41. A. worse B. better C. less D. more
42. A. disagreeing B. observing C. agreeing D. puzzling
43. A. those B. that C. it D. One
44. A. lower B. larger C. smaller D. higher
45. A. first B. third C. fourth D. last
46. A. leading B. devoting C. Appealing D. According
47. A. But B. And C. So D. Or
48. A. political B. cultural C. Economical D. commercial
49. A. expectation B. hesitation C. Concern D. Ambition
50. A. interviewed B. advised C. Overlooked D. invested
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