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更新 2022-09-03
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Ashok Gadgil has spent the past three decades helping people in need—and he has no plans to stop .On May 2, Gadgil won the$100．000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation. Each year，the honor is given to an inventor who has improved the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil‘s inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world.
Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California. When he’s not teaching，he works to find solutions to global problems such as energy efficiency and water safety. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help，”he said
In the 1980s he came up with a program to make energy-efficient light bulbs more affordable for people in developing countries. Then in the 1990s，Gadgil designed his first life—saving invention，UV Waterworks .The device kills deadly disease —carrying germs(病菌)from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water .Gadgil was inspired to find an inexpensive solution to the clean water crisis after more than 10，000 people in his home country of India died from an outbreak of Bengal cholera，in 1993 The disease is spread through contaminated food and drinking water .So far，the invention has provided safe drinking water to more than five million people in poor areas.
As a professor，Gadgil encourages his students to stay positive about finding solutions to hard problems.“Be optimistic when you try a hard problem．”he says. “It’s when you solve a large problem that you can have a big impact on the world”
Gadgil was given Lemelson-MIT Award for___________.

A．his teaching experience	B．his new physical research
C．his vast knowledge	D．his helpful inventions

What call we learn about UV Waterworks?

A．It's Gadgil’s first invention

B．It’s used to clean water．

C．it was designed for his home country

D．It saved 10，000 people in total

The underlined word “contamninated”in Paragraph 3 means__________.

A．wasted

B．consumed

C．polluted

D．canned

According to the last paragraph，Gadgil encourages his students__________.

A．to learn lessons from failures

B．to find problems in peaceful life

C．to make inventions to help poor people

D．to be confident when facing difficulties

Which of the following can best describe Gadgil?

A．Caring and optimistic.	B．Independent and positive.
C．Powerful and strict.	D．Responsible and sensitive.

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The Zhoukoudian Beijing Man Site is one of the most important world heritage sites in China. Since the discovery, which changed China’s knowledge of its history, was made in the 1920s, Zhoukoudian has become an important place for archaeologists from all over the world. At the site in the south-west suburb of Beijing, there is, for example, the earliest evidence of the use of fire by humans. It has also been proved that people lived there continuously between 500,000 and 10,000 years ago.
Today, however, Zhoukoudian is in serious danger. Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and exposure to the air. Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, causing serious damage. Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed to the problem.
The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it. At the moment, visitors are not allowed to visit the caves.
Zhoukoudian is on the World Cultural Heritage List, organized by UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The list is constantly checked. Any site which is seriously damaged or which is not properly protected is an endangered heritage, and UNESCO is very quick to do something about situations like this. They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired. If nothing is done to repair it, it could be removed from the list.
This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public awareness about it. They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem. A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.
Dr Zhu Ming of the Academy said, “ We have requested that the government get involved, but we also need assistance from ordinary people. They can help by contributing to the cost of repairing the caves. They are a precious part of our cultural heritage—it is of vital importance that we do something. If not, it will be a catastrophe.”
36. Why is Zhoukoudian of great importance in China?
A. Because the site tells some information about how man lived in the old times.
B. Because it has brought in lots of money as a place of interest.
C. Because it is the only place in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.
D. Because it changed our knowledge of China’s history of the 1920’s.
37. What is the second paragraph about?
A. Zhoukoudian’s discovery         B. Zhoukoudian’s future
C. Zhoukoudian’s in danger          D. Zhoukoudian’s protection
38. The following has caused the damage of the site except________________.
A. Weeds     B. Rain    C. Fire      D. Cement factories
39. The passage suggests that to repair Zhoukoudian, Chinese Academy of Sciences is seeking help from_________.
A. Archaeologists from all over the world    B. Government and the public
C. Experts from UNESCO                D. Visitors
40. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “catastrophe”?
A. case     B. worry     C. wonder     D. disaster

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Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)， but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance(忍耐力). In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.
Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block(砧板), cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have showed how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country (越野)than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because some reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a small percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.
31.According to the passage, what is usually taught in the old gym class?
A. Lift weights B. Climb a rope C. Cycle D. Have a balanced diet
32. What does Alicia Moag-Stahlberg mean by saying “some school boards put P. E. on the chopping block”?
A. Schools do not pay enough attention to P. E..
B. Schools welcome P. E. but do not have time for it.
C. Schools put P.E. in the first place.
D. Schools cut down other subjects’ time for P.E..
33. Which is NOT the reason to carry out phys ed programs according to the passage?
A. More teenagers are overweight.
B. Traditional group sports teaching is not effective.
C. Students need to learn some skills to help them lead a physically active life.
D. Phys ed programs need less money to support.
34. How many problems are mentioned in the passage with simply teaching group sports?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. One
35. What’s the difference between the come-back phys ed and the ordinary gym-class model？
A. The Phys ed teaches group sports.
B. The Phys ed provides more fitness programs.
C. The Phys ed teaches tools and skills which could be used in the future life.
D. The Phys ed has more support from the government.

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II 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How I Turned to Be Optimistic
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to "the hard times."
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
26.How did the author get to know America?
A. From her relatives.                  B. From her mother.
C. From books and pictures.             D. From radio programs.
27.Upon leaving for America the author felt_______.
A. confused                          B. excited
C. worried                            D. amazed
28.For the first two years in New York, the author _________.
A. often lost her way                      B. did not think about her future
C. studied in three different schools          D. got on well with her stepfather
29.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4?
A. She worked as a translator.
B. She attended a lot of job interviews.
C. She paid telephone bills for her family.
D She helped her family with her English.
30.The author believes that______.
A. her future will be free from troubles
B. it is difficult to learn to become patient
C. there are more good things than bad things
D. good things will happen if one keeps trying

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HANS Christian Andersen put Denmark on the map of the world literature with his stories The Emperor's New Clothes, The Little Mermaid (小美人鱼) and The Ugly Duckling. Now Copenhagen, the country's capital, has become the center of the world political map, with 190 world leaders attending the climate talks there, not to mention thousands of reporters.
Just how much do you know about the Scandinavian country?
Denmark is famous for its design culture. At the heart of “Danish Design” is the idea that, as poet and designer Piet Hein puts it: “There is one art, not more, nor less, [and that is] to do all things with artlessness (朴实)”.
Danish design places equal emphasis on practicality and quality. From Lego toys to furniture, Danish products are known for their clean lines, simplicity and functionality. “Remove material where it's not needed. Keep things simple and functional and make them carefully,” explained Hans J. Wegner, the first Danish designer to achieve worldwide fame: “The aim is not to create a work of art, but to produce a good chair.”
“The Danes have done a better job than most in promoting arts in Europe, considering their country's size and population, in the fields of architecture, sculpture and design,” writes Helena Smith, reporter with British newspaper the Guardian.
The simplicity of Danish design may extend to the quality of life there. Some even claim that the Danes have the highest quality of life of any nation in the world.
Kate Vial, a 55-year-old American who has lived and worked in Denmark for more than 30 years, explaining why she chooses to live in Denmark rather than the US, told Germany's biggest news weekly Der Spiegel: “I just chose a simpler lifestyle, one where I could ride my bike all over and where I don't have to make a great living to survive.”
41. What’s the writer’s purpose of mentioning Denmark’s literature?
A. To show the readers that Denmark is best known for its stories.
B. To arouse readers’ interest in Denmark.
C. To tell the readers that this passage is related to literature.
D. To show why Denmark can attract so many political leaders.
42. What is Denmark famous for according to the passage?
A. Design culture B. Making chairs C. Writing poems D. Climate prediction
43. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Danish design pays more attention to arts than its function.
B. Danish products don’t need much material.
C. Danish people like to keep simple life.
D. Compared with other countries in Europe, Denmark does little in promoting arts.
44. In Piet Hein’s opinion, the characteristic of Danish culture is _____________.
A. Creative B. Complicated C. Impractical D. Simple
45. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Danes conquer the world with simple designs.
B. Denmark—a new political center.
C. Life in Denmark.
D. Designer’s idea of Denmark.

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　　Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country, keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.
　　Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
　　On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first- class roads, and other support facilities（配套设施）needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.
　　Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.
　　41．Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection？
　　A. It is extremely important to develop tourism. 　B. Building roads and hotels is essential.
　　C. Support facilities are highly necessary. 　　D. Planning is of great importance to tourism.
　　42．The underlined word“ inhabitants” （in Paragraph 1 ） probably means____________.
　　A. tourists 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. passengers
　　C. population 　　　　　　　　　　　　       D. citizens
　　43．Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ____________ .
A. a bad effect on other industries     　B. a change of tourists’ customs
C. over-crowdedness of places of interest　D. pressure on traffic
　　44．It can be inferred from the text that _____________ .
　　A. the author doesn’t like tourism developing so fast
　　B. local people will benefit from tourist attraction
　　C. other parts of a country’s economy won’t benefit from tourism much
　　D. we can't build too many support facilities
　　45．The author thinks it is good for local people to know that tourism will ____________ .
　　A. waste a lot of money                 B. weaken their economy
　　C. help establish their customs             D. help improve their life

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