(2013·四川，E)
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (扫描仪 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
What is the finding of the study?
| A．One's heart affects how he feels fear. |
| B．Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat. |
| C．Fear has something to do with one's health. |
| D．One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. |
The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
| A．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures |
| B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions |
| C．volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans |
| D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication |
Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
| A．Order. | B．System. |
| C．Machine. | D．Treatment. |
This study may contribute to ________.
| A．treating anxiety and stress better |
| B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety |
| C．finding the key to the heartbrain communication |
| D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads |
I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” of directions every time 1 ask “How can I get to the post office?”
Foreign tourists are often confused in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know.
It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, ‘Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don’t know” is impolite, They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place they usually _________
| A．describe the place carefully |
| B．refer to recognizable buildings and places |
| C．show him a map of the place |
| D．tell him the names of the streets |
Which is the place where people measure distance in time?
| A．New York. | B．Kansas. |
| C．Los Angeles. | D．Iowa. |
People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________
| A．in order to save time | B．as a test |
| C．for fun | D．so as to be polite |
What can we infer from the text?
| A．It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly. |
| B．People have similar understandings of politeness. |
| C．It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences. |
| D．New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors. |
Can you imagine a world without the Internet? It’s surprising to think about it.
Now, China has more than 162 million Internet users, according to the China Internet Network Information Centre. This is the second highest number of user in the world after the United States. Today, 66%of Chinese “netizens （网民）” are teenagers. “They spend about thirteen hours every week online,” said Qian Hulin, an Internet expert(专家). Doctor Song in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital said about 14% of Chinese netizens who are teens often lasted over ten hours to play online games.
The main reasons why teenagers surf the Web are to search for information, to communicate with others and to have fun. On the Internet, teenagers can find out almost anything. And surfing the Web can help students with their homework and widen their knowledge.
Li Dong, a teacher at No. 41 Middle School in Shijiazhuang, likes her students to use the Internet. “When we talk in class, students who surf the Net usually know more background information than the others,” she said.
In addition, people can use the Internet to write letters or stories and send emails. Many teens keep in touch with their friends online. It is cheaper than phoning somebody far away and also much quicker._______ has the most Internet users in the world according to the article.
| A．China | B．America | C．Canada | D．Russia |
There are about _______ Chinese netizens to surf about 13 hours every week.
| A．107 million old | B．22.7 million old |
| C．107 million young | D．22.7 million young |
Song said some teenagers continued _______ more than ten hours.
| A．playing online games |
| B．searching for information |
| C．chatting with their friends |
| D．sending emails to others |
Li Dong in No. 41 Middle School likes her students to use the Internet because she ______.
| A．thinks surfing the net can help students spend less time on homework |
| B．thinks her students can get more background information than the others |
| C．wants her students to talk to her about their hobbies and interests |
| D．wants to know what her students do and think about at home |
Which way is the cheapest and quickest to learn something about friends far away?
| A．Giving them a call. |
| B．Going to see them. |
| C．Writing a letter to them. |
| D．Sending emails to them. |
Doctor Seuss was born in 1904. By the middle 1950s, he had become one of the best-loved and most successful children's book writers in the world. His books are very popular with young readers. They enjoy the invented words and the pictures of unusual funny animals and plants.
In 1954, life magazine published(刊登) a report about school children who could not read. The report said many children's books were not interesting. Doctor Seuss strongly hoped to help children and decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. He used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish. He did not receive training in art. Yet, he drew the pictures for most of his books.
In 1957, Dr. Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat. He used less than 230 words to write the book and even a six-year-old should be able to read it. It was a fun story and easy to read. Children loved it. Their parents loved it, too. Today it is still one of the stories they like best. The success of The Cat in the Hat made him want to write more books for children. In 1960, he wrote a book using less than fifty words. The book is called Green Eggs and Ham.
In 1984, Doctor Seuss won a Pulitzer Prize (普利策奖). He was honored for the education and enjoyment his books provided American children and their parents.
He died at the age of 87, but his influence remains. Millions of his books have been sold worldwide. People say his books helped change the way American children learned to read. Yet, his books are loved by people of all ages. Doctor Seuss once said, "I do not write for children. I write for people.Doctor Seuss learned from the magazine that _______.
| A．some school children could not read |
| B．many children's books were interesting |
| C．children wanted to learn to read |
| D．a writer for children was wanted |
People like his books because the books ______.
| A．are cheap and easy to get |
| B．were written in different languages |
| C．are easy and interesting to read |
| D．were written with invented words |
He wrote the book The Cat in the Hat at the age of _____.
| A．50 | B．53 | C．56 | D．87 |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Doctor Seuss wrote Green Eggs and Ham with over 230 words. |
| B．Doctor Seuss wrote books only for children in the United States. |
| C．The Cat in the Hat was written only for six-year-old children. |
| D．His books provided education and enjoyment for Americans. |
From the text we know that Doctor Seuss __________.
| A．won a Pulitzer Prize soon after his death |
| B．sold millions of his books himself worldwide |
| C．changed American children's way of reading |
| D．wrote the largest number of books in the world |
The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health.
There are plenty of "energy drinks" on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great!
But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.
Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited( 限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.Many people like drinking energy drinks because of the following EXCEPT that ________.
| A．they have beautiful colors and cool names |
| B．they have lots of caffeine |
| C．they can keep them awake and better at sports |
| D．they are said to be helpful to health |
The main reason for people not to drink too much energy drinks is that they may cause _____.
| A．heart problems | B．nervousness |
| C．sleeping difficulty | D．possible health dangers |
The underlined word "discouraged" can be replaced(替换) with "________".
| A．encouraged | B．stopped | C．helped | D．disliked |
From the passage we can know that _________.
| A．advertisements are important in getting people to buy energy drinks |
| B．energy drinks are helpful to teenagers' study |
| C．sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks |
| D．energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagers |
Which of the following can be the best title(标题) of the passage?
| A．What's the Use of Energy Drinks? |
| B．Who Can Drink Energy Drinks |
| C．What's That in Energy Drinks? |
| D．Why Can't We Buy Energy Drinks? |
| Ticket Prices for Shanghai Expo |
||||
| Time Types |
Pre-sale（预售）Ⅰ Mar. 27，2009 ～Jun. 30，2009 |
Pre-sale Ⅱ Jul. 1，2009 ～Dec. 31，2009 |
Pre-sale Ⅲ Jan. 1，2010 ～Apr. 30，2010 |
Expo Session（期间）May. 1，2010 ～Oct. 31，2010 |
| Peak Day Ticket （指定日门票） |
￥170 |
￥180 |
￥190 |
￥200 |
| Standard Day Ticket （平日门票） |
￥130 |
￥140 |
￥150 |
￥160 |
| 3-Day Ticket |
N/A（无） |
￥400 |
||
| 7-Day Ticket |
￥900 |
|||
| Evening Ticket |
N/A |
￥90 |
41．If Joe wanted to buy the cheapest ticket for Peak Day，he could book（预定）one during ．
| A．Pre - sale Ⅰ | B．Pre – sale Ⅱ |
| C．Pre – sale Ⅲ | D．Expo Session |
On March 1，2010，Sue bought two Standard Day tickets for her parents.
She paid for them.
| A．￥380 | B．￥300 | C．￥260 | D．￥180 |
It cost Thomas ￥160 to get a ticket for Standard Day.He probably bought it on ．
| A．April 23，2009 | B．August l，2009 |
| C．February 2，2010 | D．May 20，2010 |
Kathy spent 900 yuan on a ticket for Shanghai Expo．Her visit can last days．
| A．one | B．three | C．seven | D．ten |
Visitors to Shanghai Expo could buy tickets only after May 1，2010．
| A．morning | B．afternoon |
| C．evening | D．midnight |
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