(2013·四川，E)Fearmaybefeltintheh

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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(2013·四川，E)
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (扫描仪 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
What is the finding of the study?

A．One's heart affects how he feels fear.

B．Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.

C．Fear has something to do with one's health.

D．One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

The study was carried out by analyzing ________.

A．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

C．volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication

Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A．Order.	B．System.
C．Machine.	D．Treatment.

This study may contribute to ________.

A．treating anxiety and stress better

B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

C．finding the key to the heartbrain communication

D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

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相关试题

When I was twelve years old, my family were the first black people to move into an all white part of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Many of our new neighbors weren’t very welcoming. Some of them said angrily that we should return to where we came from. The children sometimes threw stones at me .
Most of my teachers simply took no notice of me, but not Dorothy Bean, my history teacher. Miss Bean was angry at how badly I was being treated, but she didn’t say this to me. Miss Bean showed her respect for me by teaching me just like anyone else. Instead of being unnoticed, I was given a chance to show that I was clever. Miss Bean was the first teacher who ever made me think for myself. She always wanted to know what I thought about different questions. She expected me to have my own idea. Miss Bean was teaching me that thinking for oneself was the real key to education.
One day, when I was not paying attention in class, Miss Bean suddenly threw an eraser(黑板擦) at me. The eraser hit me right on the hand and sent my pencil flying. The whole class were very surprised at first, then started laughing. This event became famous in the school and, because it happened to me, the students wanted to get to know me. So that’s the story of how Dorothy Bean made me her target(靶子). However, what I want to do is express my thanks to her.
56. The author and his family were not welcomed by the local people because ____________.
A. they returned from another country     B. they have different skin color
C. they spoke a different language         D. they moved to a wrong place
57. From the end of the first paragraph we know that _____________.
A. children were more friendly to strangers
B. American schools were not safe for kids
C. children often follow their parents’ behavior
D. fighting each other is part of children’s nature
58. Miss Bean respected the author by ____________.
A. giving him special attention.
B. hitting him with an eraser.
C. giving him extra lessons.
D. treating him as one of her students.
59. To Miss Bean the most important thing for a student is to _________.
A. pay close attention to what the teacher says.
B. learn to think and have one’s own idea.
C. keep silent and unnoticed in class.
D. get special attention from the teacher.
60. Which is the writer’s attitude to Miss Bean?
A. Grateful.      B. Hateful.      C. Negative.       D. Supportive.

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Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they go to their friends for some ideas.
It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or a group of friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication(交际) is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can talk about something, and these things are difficult to say to their family members.
However, parents often try to choose friends for their children. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. Have you ever thought of the following questions?
Who chooses your friends?
Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?
Have you got a friend your parents don’t like?
Your answers are welcome.
51. Many teenagers think that ________ can understand them better.
A. friends         B. brothers        C. sisters        D. parents
52. When teenagers have something difficult to say to their parents, they usually _________.
A. stay alone at home               B. fight with their parents
C. talk about it with their friends      D. go to their brothers and sisters for help.
53. The underlined sentence “ Your answers are welcome.” means “________”.
A. You are welcome to discuss the questions with us.
B. We’ve got no idea, so your answers are welcome.
C. Your answers are always right.
D. You can give us all the right answers.
54. Which of the following is the writer’s attitude(态度)?
A. Parents should choose friends for their children.
B. Children should choose everything they like.
C. Parents should understand their children better.
D. Teenagers should only go to their parents for help.
55. Which of the following is WRONG?
A. Brothers and sisters often fight with each other.
B. It is important for teenagers to have one or a group of good friends..
C. Parents should choose friends for their kids all the time.
D. Talking with friends on the phone is a way of communication.

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第三部分阅读技能（共两节满分40分）
阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Peter King, 15, and Mary King, 13, went to see a doctor. Peter had a bad cold, so the doctor gave him some pills to take. Mary had a bad cough, so the doctor gave her some cough medicine. The following are the words on the bottle of the medicine.
Cough Medicine
Shake well before use.
Take three times daily after meals.
At one time: adults   2 teaspoonfuls
Children 8---14      1teaspoonful
Children 4---7       1/2 teaspoonful
Not suitable for children below the age of 4
Store in a cold place.
Use before Oct. 2010.
46. Mary should take ________ in a day.
A. 2 teaspoonfuls     B. 3 teaspoonfuls    C. 4 teaspoonfuls   D. 1 teaspoonful
47. The medicine should be kept in ___________.
A. a fridge（冰箱）   B. hot water       C. any place       D. the sun
48. Mary should ________ before she takes it.
A. shake the medicine well        B. put some boiled water into it
C. do some exercises             D. drink something
49. People aged ______ cannot take the cough medicine.
A. 80        B. 15      C. 20        D. 3
50. Which of the following statement is RIGHT?
A. Mary can’t eat anything before taking the medicine.
B. Mary should eat her meals before taking the medicine.
C. Mary can take the medicine in Dec. 2010.
D. The doctor also gave some cough medicine to Peter King.

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Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all four capacities(Korea and China are big dog eaters), are found in various breeds(动物品种) in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions， and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.
66．What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A．There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.
B．Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.
C．In some regions dogs seems to be more closely related to man.
D．Most animals existing in the world are kept by humans now.
67．Which of the following is a domestic animal, according to the passage?
A．A wolf kept in a zoo.
B．A pig raised for meat.
C．A tiger performing in circus.
D．A fish living in a river.
68．Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?
A．They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.
B．They have great adaptation for the environment.
C．There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.
D．The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breeds ever known in the world.
69．To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.
A．not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it
B．to be wise about their feeding
C．not to allow it to take too big amounts of exercise
D．to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations
70．Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?
A．Domesticated Animals – Man’s Best Friend
B．Proper Diet for Healthy Animals
C．The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals
D．Some Tips on Pet-keeping

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Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.
So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there, said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. Without being told about options for diabetes, she said. “Doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.”
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know at they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past — and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity-related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn., which ranks 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re going to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you’re going to have to talk to them at virtually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them about, find progress in some aspect of their care and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be optimistic.
“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that heavy people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self-indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
61．What is most probably the Stop Obesity Alliance, as in Paragraph 3?
A．An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.
B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.
C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.
D．A research group dealing with doctor – patient relationship.
62．How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?
A．About 350. B．About 390. C．About 900. D．1,000.
63．What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?
A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.
B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.
C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.
D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.
64．According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?
A．Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.
B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.
C．Most patients are too weak – willed to do anything about their weight.
D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.
65．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Obesity in the U.S.
B．Trouble of overweight Americans
C．Talk more, help better
D．Doctors or patients – who to bear more blame?

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