Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起争议的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.
The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).
Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.
Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take there basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second , regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled
(不满的)former associate. Thrid, never post obviously offensive material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
| A．explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacy |
| B．discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself |
| C．propose steps Facebook, MySpace and Google can take to protect user privacy |
| D．illustrate(说明) potential unintended uses of private information |
The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.
| A．know to whom you make your online information available |
| B．actively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your name |
| C．speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you |
| D．avoid uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered |
According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?
| A．Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court. |
| B．It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online. |
| C．Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it. |
| D．Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk. |
In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.
| A．offers detailed examples to support previous viewpoints |
| B．further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacy |
| C．summarizes the points of the above paragraphs |
| D．provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problems |
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.
For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms.
In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented (导向的) view of health. They stated that health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind / body / spirit) and not just in physical terms.
The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but also health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyle approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), it was of little benefit to people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or who had little control over the conditions of their daily life.
During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health.
At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains as the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:
Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension (尺度) of the quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)From the passage, we can infer that _________.
| A．good health means not having any illness |
| B．health has different meanings for different people in different periods |
| C．health has always been viewed in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live |
| D．health has always been considered a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life |
In the late 1940s, if you ___________, that meant you were healthy.
| A．were strong enough |
| B．were strong, optimistic and happy |
| C．had enough money |
| D．had a good lifestyle |
of society benefited most from the healthy lifestyle approach to health.
| A．Rich people | B．Poor people |
| C．Old people | D．Young people |
The socio-ecological view of health includes the following broad areas EXCEPT ________.
| A．the social contexts |
| B．the environmental contexts |
| C．the economic contexts |
| D．the area of personal development |
This passage mainly tells us that .
| A．wealth is health |
| B．health means different things in different periods |
| C．it’s getting harder to be healthy |
| D．people should change their understanding of health over time |
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. Sometimes a single unimportant event may cause a number of things to happen. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this causes your troubles to begin. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, destroying your half-prepared meal. You hang up hurriedly and attend to your baby. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this is not enough to bring you to tears, your husband arrives home, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can also go wrong on the road. During rush hour one evening two cars collided and the drivers began to argue. The woman driver behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She got into a panic and stopped her car. This forced the driver following her to stop suddenly. This driver’s wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake, and as she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the window and landed on the road. A truck driver seeing a cake flying through the air slammed on the brakes. The truck was carrying empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the truck onto the road, causing a terrible traffic jam. It took the police an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the truck driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two dogs were enjoying themselves, for they were happily having what was left of the cake.If you want to answer the phone without any trouble, you’d better ___________ .
| A．pull out the telephone line when you are with your baby |
| B．put your baby on the bed and keep an eye on him / her |
| C．not hurry to answer the phone |
| D．make sure your baby is not near the table |
Who is responsible for the accidents that happened on the road?
| A．The two drivers who were arguing. |
| B．It wasn’t mentioned in the passage. |
| C．The woman driver. |
| D．The truck driver. |
From this story we learn that ________.
| A．there are many road accidents every day |
| B．the accidents mentioned in the passage are very strange |
| C．no one knows why this kind of accident happens |
| D．the accidents mentioned in the passage are very common |
The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to ___________.
| A．remind us not to answer the phone when we are busy |
| B．tell us driving is dangerous every day |
| C．remind us not to be nervous when we meet an accident |
| D．remind us not to carry a cake when we are sitting in a car |
The main idea of this passage is that ________.
| A．troubles always come in groups |
| B．accidents may happen anywhere at anytime |
| C．a telephone call may cause great trouble |
| D．anyone may have trouble on their way home |
Some people say that the best way to reduce the size of your waist is to do stomach exercise. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fatty tissues (组织) in the immediate area are burned up. The truth is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area. Of course, if you reduce the fat throughout your body, you will certainly see results around your waist too.
Some people believe that you need to exercise twice a week in order to keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. However, studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish (重建) the good physical effects. And what does that mean to you? American scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most helpful, exercising every other day or three days a week will keep a sufficient level of physical fitness.
Is it true that you burn more calories running one mile than walking the same distance? The answer is no. The truth is that you use the same amount of energy whether you walk or run the mile, since in both cases you are moving the same weight the same distance. The speed does not matter. Of course, if you run rather than walk for 30 minutes, you will cover more distance, and therefore burn more calories.
If your breathing doesn’t return to normal within 5 minutes after you finish exercising, you have exercised too much. Five minutes or so after exercising, your breathing should be normal, your heart shouldn’t be beating loudly, and you shouldn’t be tired. If you want to reduce the fat around your waist, you should ____.
| A．do stomach exercise | B．exercise the waist |
| C．exercise all the muscles of your body | D．run fast for 30 minutes |
From the second paragraph, we learn that ____.
| A．we only need to exercise twice a week |
| B．we should exercise three times a week |
| C．muscles lose their strength after 48 hours |
| D．we should exercise every other day, or three days a week |
It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _________ .
| A．you will lose more weight running one hour than walking one hour |
| B．whether you run one mile or walk the same distance, you use the same amount of energy |
| C．you will lose more weight running one mile than walking the same distance |
| D．both A and B |
If you have exercised too much, _______.
| A．your breathing will take longer than 5 minutes to return to normal after you finish exercising |
| B．your breathing will return to normal within 5 minutes after finishing exercising |
| C．your heart will not be beating loudly |
| D．you will be too tired to move |
This passage tells us that _________.
| A．it is better to do more running than walking |
| B．the more exercise you do, the healthier you will be |
| C．the unexercised muscles must be used again within 48 to 72 hours |
| D．in order to lose weight, you have to run fast |
When a friend is sad about a tragedy(悲剧)，it’s hard to know how to comfort(安慰) him/ her. But the worst thing you can do is say nothing. It could mean that you don’t care. You don’t have to say much.. A single supportive phrase doesn’t require absolutely perfect words to break the ice. Here are some conversation starters when life difficult situations have your tongue tied.
1. A friend loses his baby.
Don’t say: “Don’t worry. You’re so young. You’ll have another baby.” Do say: “ I’m so sorry. I can’t begin to imagine what you are going through, but if you want to talk about it, call me anytime.”
2. A guy deserts（抛弃）your friend.
Don’t say: “I never liked that rat bastard (坏蛋) anyway!” ( If the couple winds up reconciling (和解)， you could end up losing your friend.) Do say: “Breaking up is always hard to deal with, but I’m here for you, whatever you need.”
3. A friend has a death in the family.
Don’t say: “It’s God’s will.” or “I know exactly how you feel.” Do say: “I’m sorry about your loss. What can I do to help?”
4. A friend loses a job suddenly.
Don’t say: “Work is always boring. Those bosses didn’t suit you!” Do say: “I’m sorry for that, but I know there’s an even better job waiting for you there. Let’s think about possibilities.”
5. Someone’s pet dies.
Don’t say: “Gee! It was only a cat!” or “My roommate doesn’t like her dog and she is getting rid of her dog. Do you want it?” Do say: “I’m sorry, she was such a great cat. How long did you have it?”Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined part “have your tongue tied”?
| A．make your tongue shut | B．tie your tongue in order not to say. |
| C．have no suitable words to say. | D．say what you want freely. |
As a whole, what’s the suitable way to comfort your friend troubled with a tragedy?
| A．To show your sorrow and offer your help. |
| B．To try to make the tragedy less serious. |
| C．To tell your friend not to think about it any more. |
| D．To do your best to make him/her cheerful again. |
Though your friend is deserted, you’d better not say dirty words about her/ his friend because _______________________ .
| A．they might get along well again and you might be deserted |
| B．your friend might not like you to say that against her / his friend |
| C．it may be a sign that you don’t care for your friend |
| D．your friend might hate you in the future |
Which of the following might be suitable words when your friend’s dog dies?
| A．Don’t worry too much. I’ll give you a good one. |
| B．I’m sorry to hear that. It was such a good dog. |
| C．I’ m sorry you lost your dog. But it was at its ripe age. |
| D．You must be sad about it. That’s enough. |
When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence “How do you do?” as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
Languages do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It’s important to master(掌握) the rules for word order in the study of English, too. If the speaker puts words in a wrong order, the listener can’t understand the speaker’s sentence easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes, But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn’t change. Let’s see the difference between the two pairs of sentences.
“She only likes apples.” “Only she likes apples.”
“I have seen the film already.” “I have already seen the film.”
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit(精神实质) of the language and use it as the English speaker does. From the passage we know that _______when we are learning English.
| A．we shouldn’t put every word into our own language |
| B．we should look up every word in the dictionary |
| C．we need to put every word into our own language |
| D．we must read word by word |
The writer thinks it is _______ in learning English.
| A．difficult to understand different sounds |
| B．necessary to remember the word order |
| C．important to master the rules in different ways |
| D．easy to master the rules for word order |
We can learn from the passage that ________.
| A．the meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words |
| B．The order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence |
| C．sometimes different order of words has a different meaning |
| D．if the order of words is different, the meaning of the sentence must be different |
“She only likes apples.” ________.
| A．is the same as “Only she likes apples.” |
| B．is different from “Only she likes apples.” |
| C．means “She likes fruit except apples.” |
| D．means “She doesn’t like apples.” |
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