The earliest newspapers started in ancient Rome. They were handwritten news sheets. The first printed newspapers appeared in China during the Tang dynasty, which were printed from carved(雕刻的) wooden blocks. Modern papers first appeared in Venice, Italy in the middle of the 14th century. The newspapers of today, with advertising and a mixture of political, economic, and social news and comments, were started in Britain in the mid-18th century.
The main function of newspapers is to report news. Many newspapers also provide special information to readers, such as weather reports and television timetables. They also provide comments on politics, economics, arts and culture. Almost all newspapers depend on advertising to make money.
Nearly six out of ten adults in the United States and Canada read a newspaper every day. Seven out of ten read a paper each weekend. Readers search newspapers for de-tailed background information(背景资料)and analysis(分析). This is what television and radio news reports seldom offer. Newspapers tell readers what happened, and they also help readers understand what caused an event and how it will affect the world around them.
The workers at large newspaper companies work under a lot of pressure to bring news to readers as soon as possible. Reporters, photographers, artists, and editors collect articles in just a few hours. Page designers select articles, photos, advertisements, and eye-catching headlines to make the pages, and then rush their work to the printer. Printing workers may work overnight around printing presses to churn out more than 60,000 copies per hour.Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Production of Newspapers | B．Functions of Newspapers |
| C．Publication of Newspapers | D．An Introduction to Newspapers |
Modern newspapers were first made in ______.
| A．China | B．Ancient Rome | C．Italy | D．Britain |
What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
| A．Most adults in America and Canada read newspapers every day. |
| B．The importance of newspapers in people’s lives. |
| C．Newspapers offer readers detailed information. |
| D．The effects of newspapers on readers. |
We can infer everything from the passage EXCEPT that ______.
| A．newspapers will become less popular because of the development of TV |
| B．few newspapers have no advertising |
| C．many adults in America read newspapers every day |
| D．people can read about many different issues in newspapers |
The phrase "churn out" in the last paragraph probably means ______.
| A．press | B．produce | C．publish | D．sell |
Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing by contrast, is not designed to address the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
| A．Work sharing requires more working hours. |
| B．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs. |
| C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary. |
| D．Work sharing depends on the employer’s decision. |
According to paragraph4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because______.
| A．they sought higher social status |
| B．they were over ideal working ages |
| C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs |
| D．they had to take care of both work and family |
In job sharing the partners should ______.
| A．enjoy equal social status |
| B．have similar work experience |
| C．keep in touch with each other |
| D．know each other very well |
Wind , water, fire and ice-these powerful natural forces have shaped the land of America in the past. They are still changing it today.
The Colorado River slowly cut down through stone to make the Grand Canyon(大峡谷).
Long ago, ice sheets cut Yosemite Valley and the Great Lakes, and glaciers(冰川) are still on the move in Alaska.
Wind and rain storm hit the land from time to time. Fires sometimes burn down forests and destroy the homes of wild animals. This happened in Yellowstone Park in 1988.
Dead volcanic mountains such as Haleakala on Maui and Carter Lakein Oregon are beautiful to look at. But there are several active volcanoes in the US, especially along the Pacific Coast. There are also many earthquakes in this area. Scientists can do nothing to control earthquakes or volcanoes. This was shown clearly on May 18, 1980. At 8:32 that morning, Mount St Helens in Washington state broke out. The top of the mountain was blown off.
Over 60 people –campers, scientists, journalists, forest workers—were killed. Hundreds of square miles of forests were knocked down. In towns over 100 miles away, day suddenly became night. An ash cloud hid the sun for many hours. Towns and fields in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho were covered with dirty gray ash.
Scientists knew that Mt St Helens might erupt(爆发) soon. But no one could say when. And no one expected the terrible strength of the eruption. Many people were surprised and unready. Harry R. Truman, 84, owned a small hotel in Mt St Helens. Scientists had asked people to move away because the volcano was becoming dangerous.
But Harry Truman would not leave his home. Now it is covered with many feet of dirty ash. A small cross stands above the place where Harry probably died. Perhaps it is better that he did not see the destruction of Mt St Helens, the once beautiful lake, and the forests.
But slowly, life is returning to the dead area around the mountain. Grass and small plants are beginning to grow again. Deer and birds have been seen. The land will never be the same as it once was. Perhaps Mt St Helens will erupt again. But this is all part of nature’s pattern of change, and man has little power to control it.Choose the best title for this passage.
| A．Wind, water, fire and ice |
| B．Volcano’s beauty and danger |
| C．The power of nature |
| D．Natural force shape beautiful land of America |
After the eruption of volcano, what makes the sky turn dark?
| A．The smoke | B．The clouds. | C．The fog. | D．The ash. |
The underlined word “it” means______.
| A．The body of old Harry |
| B．The location of Harry’s home |
| C．The opening on top of Mt St Helens |
| D．The place where Harry probably died |
We can infer from this article that ______.
| A．Washington and Oregon are neighboring states |
| B．Colorado River runs through Yosemite Valley |
| C．The eruption of Mt St Helens also caused trouble with the Yellowstone Park |
| D．Scientists never knew Mt St Helens was active |
What can help you make a fortune in the future? Graduating from a top university might not be enough. A new study from the University of Essex in Britain has shown that the more friends you have in school, the more money you’ll earn later.
The idea that popularity could have a serious impact on one’s earning potential shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise. The researchers noted that if you want to get ahead in life, social skills and networking are easily as powerful as talent and hard work.
“If a person has lots of friends, it means that he or she has the ability to get along with others in all kinds of different situations,” said Xu Yanchun, 17, from Nantou High School in Shenzhen, who totally agreed with the recent finding. “Also, friends always help each other. They not only create wider social circles for you but lift your mood when you occasionally feel depressed,” said Xu. She believed that all this helps you “earn a higher salary”.
Maybe that’s why some people think the younger generations are in the age of Friendalholism(交友狂症). A woman even complained that the networking website Facebook’s 5,000-friend limit was too low for her large reserve of social contacts.
But what does a friend mean? Should friends be regarded as a form of currency?
“Call me uncool, but I think of a friend as an actual person with whom I have an actual history and whom I enjoy actually seeing. It seems, however, that this is no longer the definition of ‘friend’,” said Meghan Daum, who works with the Los Angeles Times in the US. The new study from the University of Essex in Britain shows that _______.
| A．if you have more friends you will not live happily |
| B．the more friends you have in school, the more money you’ll earn in your late life |
| C．the less friends you have, the poor lives you will live |
| D．friends can make more money for you |
According to Xu Yanchun, when you have lots of friends, it means________.
| A．you have the ability to earn more money |
| B．you will not feel lonely |
| C．you are quite content with your life |
| D．you have the ability to get along with others in various situations |
What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．The passage mainly tells us something about the friendship. |
| B．Friendship plays a more important part in our daily life than anything else. |
| C．Friends are currency. |
| D．Friends give you success. |
We can learn from the passage that _______.
| A．if you have more friends, you can make a fortune in the future |
| B．graduating from college means that you can make a fortune in the future |
| C．friends mean a form of currency |
| D．friends can make you wider social circle and make you feel better when you feel depressed |
A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy (摇头丸) can cause serious brain damage and speed up the start of Parkinson’s disease（帕金森综合症）, scientists say. Just two or three Ecstasy tablets can permanently destroy brain cells that affect movement and reasoning, according to American research that links the drug to Parkinson’s for the first time.
A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, involving squirrel monkeys and baboons (狒狒) found that both species suffered permanent damage to key cells, which are lost in Parkinson’s, after receiving three low doses（剂量）of Ecstasy at three-hour periods.
The study is particularly important because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human brain. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that the widespread abuse of drug might have caused severe damage. “The most troubling result is that young adults using Ecstasy may be increasing their risk of developing Parkinsonism as they get older.”
Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, “This study emphasizes the multi-aspect damage that Ecstasy causes to users. We’ve long known that repeated use damages brain cells. But this study shows that even very occasional（偶尔） use can have long-lasting effects on many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don’t experiment with your own brain.”
Janet Betts, a mother whose teenage daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said, “This comes as no surprise. But people can’t see the effects at first, and they say it won’t happen to them. We’ll see the symptoms later, just as we have with smoking.”The article is intended to ______.
| A．explain the bad effects of drugs on people’s health |
| B．warn young people of the risk of taking the drug Ecstasy |
| C．persuade people out of such bad habits as smoking and using drugs |
| D．tell us the links between the drug Ecstasy and the animal models |
We know from the passage that a low dose of Ecstasy ______.
| A．can permanently destroy one’s brain cells |
| B．can cause serious brain damage occasionally |
| C．will result in immediate symptoms |
| D．may bring on Parkinson’s at once |
Why are squirrel monkeys and baboons involved in the experiments?
| A．Because these animals usually take drugs. |
| B．Because their brain is similar to human beings. |
| C．Because there is a model in the animals’ brains. |
| D．Because they will soon get well after the experiment. |
The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refers to” ”.
| A．Leah’s death after a single tablet |
| B．the symptoms after smoking |
| C．the damage to the brain systems |
| D．repeated use of the drug |
Face-to-face communication involves much more than the spoken word．In fact, we often communicate our feelings to others through our body language without realizing we are doing so．We communicate through posture, gesture and facial expression．But the eyes also play an important part in this unspoken language．William Shakespeare called the eyes "a window to the soul," and you can learn to look through that window and better understand a person's body language by reading eye movement．
Begin a conversation and ask a simple question．Watch carefully for eye movement during the response．If the person looks up, he or she is thinking or forming pictures．This is also a sign of a visual thinker．Looking up and to the left shows recalling a memory, while looking up and to the right could show imaginative construction or lying．
If the person looks down, this could be a sign of obedience（服从） or even blame．Looking down and to the left can show a person talking to themselves．Looking down and to the right can show that they are feeling strong emotion．
Looking sideways can indicate distraction or checking out a potential（潜在的） threat, hut a sideways glance can also show anger．In addition, eyes that look side to side often show shiftiness（狡诈） and lying．
A glance usually indicates a desire for something．Glancing at a door could show a desire to leave the room, while a glance, at a person could indicate a desire to talk to them．A glance is also used when it is forbidden to look at something．
A person who is lying to you may hold eye contact longer than normal．In addition, this person might smile with his mouth but not with his eyes．Smiling with the eyes is difficult to do if the emotion is not genuine．
Rapid blinking（眨）of the eyes can occur when a person is thinking, and this can also be another sign of lying．Again, a person who is aware of this sign might overcompensate（矫枉过正） and stare．The writer supported his argument in the first paragraph by __ __．
| A．using what William Shakespeare said | B．describing the body language |
| C．telling a story of William Shakespeare | D．making a comment on eyes |
Which of the following eye movement shows a dishonest speaker?
| A．If he looks up and to the left． | B．If he looks up and to the right． |
| C．If he looks down and to the left． | D．If he looks down and to the right． |
Which eye movement cannot hide your feelings?
| A．Looking side to side． | B．Blinking the eyes quickly． |
| C．Smiling with the eyes． | D．Maintaining a prolonged eyes contact． |
The writer wrote this passage to __ __．
| A．introduce the different meanings of the body languages |
| B．teach us how to use eyes to express ourselves |
| C．explain the importance of body languages |
| D．tell us how to read eye movement |
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