Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results．However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem．Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically; it take s a great deal of hard work and compromise．There are a number of factors that must be in place to make a good team．
Effective leadership is one of the most important components of good teamwork．The team’s leader should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed．An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued．
Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team．Team member s must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each other’s opinions．
Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together．The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts．Team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of offending others．Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands-on approach that settles them quickly is much better．It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain objective if possible．
The team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork．In order to keep team members positive and committed and motivated, the team leader herself / himself needs to show these qualities．The team turns to the leader for support and guidance．So any negative words or behaviors on the leader’s part can be disastrous．
Regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extremely important to your success and that of your team．Effective leadership is important partly because ___________________．
| A．it creates a positive working environment |
| B．it helps a leader to develop lots of skills |
| C．it makes a leader feel supported and valued |
| D．it depends on interpersonal relationship of a team |
The underlined word “articulate” probably means _________________．
| A．hide | B．feel | C．plan | D．express |
When conflicts arise among team members, the team leader should ___________________．
| A．worry about the team members |
| B．ignore the team members’ voices |
| C．work out their differences |
| D．try to avoid conflict issues |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Football And Teamwork | B．Communication And Teamwork |
| C．What Makes Effective Teamwork | D．How to Handle Conflicts in a Team |
In the 1960s,medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They found out that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events has a great effect on your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s,hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illnesses”.If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. ven if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of what we know about people. It is supposed that we're all weak and passive in the face of difficulty. But many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental damage.The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us _______.
| A．the way of dealing with major events may cause stress |
| B．what should be done to avoid stress |
| C．what kind of event would cause stress |
| D．how to deal with sudden changes in life |
The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to_______.
| A．widespread worry over its harmful effects |
| B．great fear about the mental problems it could cause |
| C．a deep research into illnesses connected with stress |
| D．popular avoidance of stressful jobs |
According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become_______.
| A．discouraged when faced with difficulty |
| B．physically and mentally weak |
| C．more experienced in the face of difficulty |
| D．uninterested in what happens to them |
What's the purpose of writing the text?
| A．To tell people the discoveries about stress. |
| B．To tell people how to keep healthy. |
| C．To help people avoid stressful events. |
| D．To help people view stress properly. |
Experts say it is far easier to prevent a child from being taken than to find missing children. Their advice to parents.
(1)Tell your child your phone number, including area code, and your full address.
(2)Keep up-to-date photographs of your child on hand.
(3)Make a mental note of what your child is wearing every day.
(4)Be sure your child know what to do if you are separated from him or her.
(5)Keep records of your child as early as possible and keep them up-to-date.
(6)Have a set of your child's fingerprints taken by the police and keep it at home.
(7)Make sure your child's school will phone you if your child is absent.
For information of what you can do to help solve the missing-children problem at the national level, call 1-800KID-FIND or write: FIND THE CHILDREN!11811W.Olympic Blue. Low Angeles, call 90064.The writer of this passage may be_______.
| A．an expert who is good at finding missing children |
| B．a policeman who is in charge of KIDFIND service in a police station |
| C．a teacher who teaches children how to phone their parents |
| D．a teenager who was once missing |
This passage is mainly written to warn_______.
| A．schoolboys | B．children | C．parents | D．teachers |
The best title of this passage may be_______.
| A．How to Find Missing Children |
| B．How to Protect Your Children |
| C．How to Teach Your Children Phone Number and Full Address |
| D．How to Phone the Police When You Are in Trouble |
In most towns today, you can see teenagers standing over electronic machines with flashing lights, shooting at spaceships from other planets and dropping bombs on strange monsters（恶魔）.The machines have names like Space Warrior, Dark Invader and so on. It used to be believed that damage was done only to those strange visitors from outer space, but now it seems that they are striking back.
Many teenagers like electronic games so much that they can't stop playing. They spend hours tightly holding the joystick controls and constantly pressing buttons marked “fire”.They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure. They play and play so that the pains have no chance to cure properly. The rapid wrist movement required to guide the spaceship across the screen causes another problem: The muscles of the wrist and arm become so inflamed and swollen(充血红肿)that they press against the bones. This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warriar's Wrist”.Other strange aches and pains also are likely to affect（影响）the elbows and shoulders.
Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently in the British Medical Journal. She had been playing all kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could use the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness(晕倒)and fell to the floor.
Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency.“Space Warrior's Wrist”is caused by_______.
| A．constantly pressing the buttons |
| B．rapidly moving across the screen |
| C．tightly holding the joystick controls |
| D．inflamed and swollen muscles of the wrist |
The case of a 17-year-old girl by the writer shows that the writer_______.
| A．supports playing electronic games |
| B．feels very sorry for the girl |
| C．disagrees with young people's playing electronic games |
| D．feels worried about young people's poor health |
From the passage we can conclude that playing electronic games is _______.
| A．enjoyable and helpful to the study |
| B．exciting but harmful to the health and study |
| C．interesting but harmless to the eyes |
| D．amusing and satisfying |
You are a German living in Berlin. One day you’ re walking down the street, minding your own business, when suddenly a stranger comes up with a smile on his face. After stopping you, he holds a small electronic device (装置) close to his face and speaks slowly into it, saying, in English," Can you tell me where I can buy some sauerkraut?" What should you do? (a) Run away; (b) Call the police; or (c) Listen closely for the device to say in German," Konnen Sie mir bitte sagen, welches sauerkraut haufen kann?"
The most proper answer would be (c) because the person in front of you is only a tourist trying to enjoy himself. The device is said to be the world’s first portable(便携的) translator — a hand-held microcomputer that at the same time translates one spoken language into another. The four-pound, battery-operated product is called the Voice, and it is the invention of Advanced Products and Technologies, an American electronics company. When the Voice is introduced in the Unite States in late April — at a price of (1,500 — it will be used to translate spoken English into Italian, German, French and Spanish. The product comes with separate cartridges(盒式存储器) for each of the four languages, which can be changed when the user travels from one country to another. It will be sold in Europe soon after the US introduction, with cartridges that translate Italian, German, French and Spanish into English.
The Voice uses a microchip(微型集成电路片) to translate languages. It is Started by voice command and produces voice output through a built-in speaker. When the user makes a statement or asks a question, the Voice immediately repeats what has been said in another language.
The device held by the stranger is probably a kind of________.
| A．a two-way radio | B．language translator |
| C．easily-carried speaker | D．a multi-functioned computer |
What does the last sentence of the first paragraph mean?
| A．Can you tell me where I can buy some sauerkraut? |
| B．Can I ask for some information from the police? |
| C．Would you like to try my device? |
| D．Would you not run away if I ask you where to buy some sauerkraut? |
When the stranger says," Can you tell... sauerkraut?" he is ________.
| A．learning German from his device |
| B．asking you the way to the sauerkraut shop |
| C．making fun of you with his device |
| D．testing his device for fun |
Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
| A．The price of the hand-held microcomputer. |
| B．The function of the product Voice. |
| C．The producer pf the small electronic device. |
| D．The number of the device sold to the European countries. |
Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic carpet…You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But you’ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”
It was a rare — indeed unique — occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout’s Wonderful Bag, a leather case.
Grout’s aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn’t that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout’s day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn’t do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated （充气的） tyre.
So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse （椭圆）. Throughout, the tyre remains inflated.
Will the young Fitzsimons’s folding wheel make it into production? I haven’t the foggiest idea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It’s as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there’s plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than £1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane — minus wheels, of course — as hand baggage.
Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie’s imagination? No. But it’s progress.
We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike .
| A．was portable |
| B．had a folding wheel |
| C．could be put in a pocket |
| D．looked like a magic carpet |
We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable .
| A．were difficult to separate |
| B．could be split into 6 pieces |
| C．were fitted with solid tyres |
| D．were hard to carry on a train |
We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons’s invention .
| A．kept the tyre as a whole piece |
| B．was made into production soon |
| C．left little room for improvement |
| D．changed our views on bag design |
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
| A．Three folding bike inventors |
| B．The making of a folding bike |
| C．Progress in folding bike design |
| D．Ways of separating a bike wheel |
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