Florence Nightingale（南丁格尔） was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father.
As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.
At last mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse,” she decided.
“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady,” her father told her.
“Then I will make it so, “she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for home. During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen — and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurse went to work.
Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicine and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.
After she returned to England, she was honored for her services by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries.
Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today. When she was a child, Florence ____ .
| A．loved to travel very much |
| B．knew what her duty in life was |
| C．loved to help the sick people |
| D．was most interested in music and drawing |
What made Florence make up her mind to become a nurse？
| A．Her father’s support. |
| B．Her desire to help the sick. |
| C．Her education in Germany and France. |
| D．Her knowledge from reading great books. |
During the Crimean War in 1854, Florence served in the front hospital where ____ .
| A．she earned a little money |
| B．work was very difficult |
| C．few soldiers died because of her work |
| D．she didn’t have enough food or clothes |
Why was Florence honored by Queen Victoria？
| A．She built the Nightingale Home for Nurses. |
| B．She wrote a book on public health. |
| C．She worked as a nurse all her life. |
| D．She did a great deal of work during the Crimean War. |
The passage can best be described as ____ .
| A．the life story of a famous woman | B．a description of the nursing work |
| C．an example of successful education | D．the history of nursing in England |
Starving polar bears are eating one another in the Arctic. Flowers are blooming too soon and die. The ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will threaten coastal towns along Florida within several decades. These are just a few examples of the terrible consequences of climate change supported by a new analysis in Nature.
In the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 0. 6°C and are projected to jump by about 1. 7°C by the end of the century, says Cynthia Rosenzweig, who leads the Climate Impacts Group at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University in New York. “We’ve already seen that a relatively low amount of warming,” she says, “can lead to a broad range of changes. ”
The unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems. In North America alone, scientists have identified 89 species of plants, such as the American holly that have flowered earlier in the spring. In Spain, apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule in response to the higher temperatures. Other wildlife, like the insects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must then move forward their seasonal stirrings(萌动) and mating（交配） patterns to survive.
To try to follow this time shift, some birds such as robins, the classic symbol of winter’s thaw(解冻时期), are returning to Colorado from their migrations some two weeks earlier than in years past. All these changes can throw a food chain in disorder. Some bird species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death.
“Around the world, plants and animals are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to,” says Terry Root, a biologist from Stanford University. The underlined word “projected”(in Paragraph 2) probably means “____”.
| A．forced | B．presented | C．indicated | D．predicted |
According to the third paragraph, as a result of climate change ____ .
| A．the warm weather wakes animals up earlier |
| B．certain trees bloom a season ahead of time |
| C．the birds need to change patterns of living |
| D．the American holly will flower in late spring |
What can we know about robins according to the passage?
| A．Farmers depend on them to tell the time. |
| B．They used to come back when spring came. |
| C．They used to predict the change of weather. |
| D．They usually migrate when seasons change. |
What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Man is to blame for global warming |
| B．Great changes take place on Earth |
| C．Bird migration and climate change |
| D．Global warming changing nature’s clock |
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you’ve programmed into it, traces of your DNA remain on it, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you --- unless you have an identical twin. Scientists today usually analyze DNA in blood, saliva(唾液), or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims.
Meghan J. McFadden, a biologist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA remained on cell phones --- even when no blood was involved. To find out, she and a colleague collected flip-style(翻盖式) phones from 10 volunteers. They collected invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user’s ear.
The scientists scrubbed(meaning “cleaned”) the phones using a liquid mixture made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated collecting traces on each phone once more. They discovered DNA that belonged to the phone’s owner on each of the phones.
Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were cleaned. That suggests that washing won’t remove all traces of evidence from a criminal’s cell phone. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can help a crime-scene investigation. McFadden decided to find out whether people leave their DNA on their cell phones when she ____ .
| A．got her cell phone lost by chance |
| B．found a cell phone with blood on it |
| C．heard about a crime involving a cell phone |
| D．did research on cell phones |
The scientists allowed the volunteers to keep their cell phones for a week in order to____.
| A．let them leave their traces on their phones |
| B．avoid keeping their cell phones too long |
| C．give them a chance to get rid of their secrets |
| D．find out who is responsible for the crime |
The last paragraph mainly tells us that cell phones ____ .
| A．do harm to people | B．should be often cleaned |
| C．disclose people’s secrets | D．help deal with crimes |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
| A．The reason for collecting the phones from volunteers. |
| B．The technique of collecting DNA on the phones. |
| C．The method of removing traces of DNA on the phones. |
| D．The purpose of washing the cell phones. |
TOURNAMENT OF ROSES
-- 5 Days Los Angeles
| Day 1 Los Angeles. (Sun. , Dec. 30) Welcome to Los Angeles! This evening mix with your traveling companions at the welcome reception. Day 2 Los Angeles. (Mon. , Dec. 31) Head to Pasadena for the always colorful ROSE BOWL FAMILY FESTIVAL and watch the floats(彩车) decorated with tens of thousands of flowers. This afternoon, you can take the included visit to the GETTY MUSEUM. This evening , join your traveling companions at a special New Year’s Eve DINNER AND DANCE GALA(盛会), complete with hats, party favors, live music, and, of course, champagne! You’ll toast the New Year a little early tonight to allow for an early morning departure to the Rose Parade. Day 3 Los Angeles. Tournament of Roses Parade. (Tue. , Jan. 1) Happy New Year! Get ready for one of the world’s most popular parades, and you’ll see it live! Globus has booked the GRANDSTAND(在大看台上的) SEATS at the beginning of the parade route for a good view. See the wonderful floral(饰以花的) floats, marching bands from around the world, and the celebrities. Day 4 Los Angeles. (Wed. , Jan. 2 ) This morning view the individual floats in the POST PARADE VIEWING AREA. For many this is the highlight(最精彩的部分) of the entire event. Be sure to bring your camera and plenty of film! Another special treat tonight --- a special GOLBUS FAREWELL CELEBRATION DINNER. Day 5 Los Angeles. (Thu. , Jan. 3) The tour ends today, with tour guests departing on individual schedules. |
You can most probably read the passage in a ___ .
| A．news report | B．travel guide |
| C．textbook | D．history magazine |
What activity can visitors enjoy on Dec. 31?
| A．Tournament of Roses Parade. | B．Post Parade. |
| C．A farewell celebration dinner. | D．A dinner and dance gala. |
The underlined word “Globus” in the passage refers to “____”.
| A．the travel agency | B．the local government |
| C．Los Angeles | D．Roses Parade |
According to the passage, you should bring your camera on ____.
| A．Day 2 | B．Day 3 | C．Day 4 | D．Day 5 |
Probably many of you know the idiom “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”. But do you believe a tooth for an eye? That’s something a little bit different.
This strange exchange is neither a form of retribution(报应) nor an unexpected gift from the Tooth Fairy --- it’s actually a very generous gift from a young Irishman, Robert McNichol, 23, to his formerly blind father, 57-year-old Bob McNichol.
In 2005, Bob McNichol’s sight was destroyed in an accident when his eyes were doused(溅在……上面)with liquid aluminum(铝). Doctors predicted that he would never be able to see again.
But McNichol never liked to take no for an answer: when he heard about a unique operation called Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis, he knew he had to give it a shot, even though the success rate was a mere 65 percent.
In the technique, the eye socket(眼窝) is rebuilt and implanted(植入) with a human tooth and part of the jawbone, to provide support for an artificial cornea(角膜). Luckily for McNichol, Robert was willing to sacrifice one of his teeth to help his father regain his sight.
The technique isn’t simple: McNichol’s first stint on the operating table lasted ten hours, with a five hour follow-up session at a later date. But thanks to his son’s gift, he’s already seeing astonishing results.
“Now I have enough sight for me to get around and I can watch television. I have come out from complete darkness.” he told his friends. Bob McNichol lost his sight ____ .
| A．after he had an operation on his eyes |
| B．because of an accident |
| C．because he met with a serious traffic accident |
| D．when he was 57 years old |
The underlined phrase “give it a shot” (in Paragraph 4) probably means “____”.
| A．give it a try | B．make a remark | C．fire a gun | D．kick the ball |
The tooth Bobert donated to his father is used to ____ .
| A．make the eye socket look prettier | B．cause his jawbone to function well |
| C．help his father take in more food | D．support the implanted artificial cornea |
What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Father and son | B．A unique eye operation |
| C．A man defeating darkness | D．Blind man sees with aid of son’s tooth |
It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of clear similarities in the way different animals show the same feeling. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because such behavior patterns are inherited (遗传) rather than learned.
Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble (颤抖)”suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out（伸出）their tongues”! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting（侮辱）or expresses disgust.
Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces. Disgust, contempt (蔑视) and suffering seem to be the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to express. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. And psychologists (心理学家) such as E.G. Beier have also shown that some people often give the completely impression of how they feel. For example, they try to show love but in fact communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don’t care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In other words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact opposite of what for people understand.
71．According to the passage, even in different cultures the most easily recognized emotion is .
A．anger B．dislike C．happiness D．surprise
72．Experiments show that easier understanding of words and gestures has something to do with your .
A．age and sex B．love and cultural differences
C．impressions about the speaker D．emotional state
73．When we communicate with people, .
A．we know exactly what they mean while they express their emotions
B．we sometimes misunderstand each other
C．we usually mislead them by expressing the opposite of our feeling
D．it seems much mere difficult to understand body language than language
74．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．When we communicate our real emotions, we many cause misunderstanding to others.
B．Different people in different cultures may have different ways to understand one gesture.
C．Some people are likely to hide their real feelings and express them in the opposite way.
D．What we say does always mean the same thing as the gestures we make.
75．The underlined word “disgust” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ” in this passage.
A．strong dislike B．friendliness C．love D．sickness
粤公网安备 44130202000953号