Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It's possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
"It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness," said the study's chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen's interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?
| A．People talked about their feelings every day. |
| B．People were kept alone for six days. |
| C．People were given colds by doctors. |
| D．People were made to feel unhappy. |
What did the study find?
| A．People who felt happy never got ill. |
| B．People's feelings didn't influence their health. |
| C．People with good feelings became ill more easily. |
| D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses. |
According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?
| A．Eating. | B．Crying. | C．Laughing. | D．Sleeping. |
This passage is a/an .
| A．advertisement | B．newspaper report | C．story | D．scientist's diary |
What is the best title for this passage?
| A．Smiles can fight colds | B．Cause of colds found |
| C．The danger of colds | D．How people get sick |
Maya Angelou, the American poet and author, died at her home in Winston-Salem, North Carolina on Wednesday. She was 86. Her son, Guy B Johnson, confirmed the news in a statement. He said Angelou "passed away quietly in her home" sometime before 8 am on Wednesday.
Angelou’s failing health was reported as recently as Tuesday, when she canceled an appearance honoring her with a Beacon of Life Award for “health reasons”. The ceremony was part of the 2014 MLB Beacon Award Luncheon, in Houston, Texas, part of Major League Baseball’s Civil Rights Games. Last month, forced to cancel an appearance at a library in Arkansas, she wrote: "An unexpected condition put me into the hospital. I will be getting better and the time will come when I can receive another invitation from my state and you will recognize me for I shall be the tall Black lady smiling. "
Angelou was born Marguerite Annie Johnson, in St Louis, Missouri, in 1928.She survived several personal trials: she was a child of the Depression, grew up in the segregated(种族隔离的) south, and gave birth as a teenager. She wrote seven autobiographies, including the 1969 memoir I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and was a playwright, director and novelist.
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings was a condemnation(谴责) of the racial discrimination she experienced during her childhood. "If growing up is painful for the southern black girl," she wrote, "being aware of her displacement is the rust(铁锈) on the razor that threatens the throat. "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” has had a wide appeal and continues to appear on school and university reading lists in the US and the UK.
In 1993, she read her poem On the Pulse of the Morning at President Clinton's first inauguration(就职演说), a performance that made the poem a bestseller. The poem celebrates the diversity of ethnic groups in the US, and calls on the nation to leave behind cynicism and look forward to a new pride in itself, and a new belief for the country. Clinton on Wednesday said he would "always be grateful for all the years of friendship that followed. America has lost a national treasure, and Hillary and I a beloved friend."
Angelou was a long-time Clinton supporter. One month before his inauguration, she told the New York Times: “Since the election, I have found it easier to wake up in the morning.” And her loyalty to Hillary Clinton has been steadfast, even as Barack Obama campaigned to be America's first black president.
The mayor of Winston-Salem, Allen Joines, said the town would probably remember Angelou best for her commitment to health and theatre. She supported the founder of the National Black Theater Festival, and eventually became its first chairperson in 1989. In 2012, the Maya Angelou Women’s Health and Wellness Center opened in the city. Despite her many accomplishments, the mayor said small moments seemed to touch the poet. In April 2008, the town threw Angelou an 80th birthday party. Despite entertainers and speakers present at the party, the mayor said, “The thing that seemed to touch her the most was a group of little kids.”
Maya Angelou was ________ .
| A．originally named Marguerite Annie Johnson and a black female poet. |
| B．first confirmed to be ill last month in Arkansas and put into hospital. |
| C．honored with Civil Rights Award in Major League Baseball Games. |
| D．described as the national treasure by the mayor of her hometown. |
We can NOT infer from the passage that ________.
| A．Angelou's unhappy experience as a black girl in the south inspired her writings. |
| B．I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and On the Pulse of the Morning were among her most famous works. |
| C．Angelou supported Barack Obama when he campaigned to be President |
| D．Angelou died peacefully in her home on a Wednesday morning in 2014. |
The underlined sentence "...being aware of her displacement is the rust on the razor that threatens the throat." implies that ________
| A．Her being away from her parents is like a sharp razor that brings much pain. |
| B．Her realization that she doesn't belong here makes her feel emotionally painful. |
| C．People who think she is different from others threaten to kill her with a razor. |
| D．People's refusal to accept her makes her want to cut her throat with a razor. |
Which one is true according to the passage?
| A．In America, Angelou's accomplishments in health and theatre were best remembered. |
| B．Angelou was the founder and chairperson of the National Black Theater Festival. |
| C．A group of children moved her the most on her 80th birthday party. |
| D．Clinton's performance of the poem On the Pulse of the Morning made it a bestseller. |
Why choose National Express?
When you travel with us we want to ensure you're safe, comfortable and arrive at your destination on time. This is why we've made some significant improvements to our services and added new and exciting tools to make sure travelling with us is an easy and relaxing experience.
You go there, we go there
We go to hundreds of towns, cities and airports across the UK. We've over 550 coaches covering 70 million miles a year, so if there's somewhere you want to go, then chances are we go there too.
Safe, modern coaches
A total of 25 million pounds has been invested on over 100 coaches in the last year. Most of our coaches now have leather seats and headrests, ample legroom, power sockets for charging mobiles, tablets and laptops and a toilet on board. For your safety, all our coaches are fitted with the latest safety features as standard. Please turn to page 4-5 for more safety information.
Coach Tracker
Why not use Coach Tracker while travelling with us, or tell your friends and relatives to use it to track where your coaches is in real-time, anytime, anywhere. Simply visit nationalexpresss.com/coachtracker and follow the on-screen instructions.
Assisted travel
The majority of our coaches have an easy-access passenger lift at the front of the coach, providing step free access to wheelchair users and anyone with reduced mobility. We can also offer practical assistance along the way to make your journey easier and more enjoyable. Call 03717 818181 for more information.
Greener journey
Travelling by coaches is one of the most environmentally friendly forms of transport. Our coaches emit up to five times less CO2 per passenger, per kilometer than an average car.
Mobile
If you are looking to book a ticket on the go you can use our mobile site, which your smartphone or tablet will automatically direct you to when you visit our website.
Satellite tracking
We track the majority of our coaches using a satellite tracking system. We know exactly where our coaches are at any given time, and can reroute them should there be any avoidable traffic block. We're committed to getting you to your destination safely and on time.
Thanks for choosing to travel with us. We've created this booklet to keep you up-to-date on our safety information and improvements. Whether you are travelling with us to the airport or visiting your favorite destination, sit back, relax and familiarize yourself with the safety features and facilities on board.
From the passage, we can know that ________
| A．National Express invests 25 million on its coaches every year. |
| B．Disabled passengers have easy access to every National Express coach. |
| C．A National Express coach emits less CO2 than an average four-seat car. |
| D．Family members can have National Express passenger’s real-time location through Coach Tracker. |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．The booklet on National Express has at least 5 pages. |
| B．You can call 03717 818181 for more information on mobility issues. |
| C．Most coaches now have leather seats, headsets, tablets and a toilet onboard. |
| D．Most coaches can change their route to avoid traffic jams by satellite tracking. |
The passage is intended to _________ .
| A．inform you of the safety features and latest improvements of the coaches |
| B．introduce the onboard facilities and tools for your safe and comfortable travel |
| C．keep you up-to-date on the safety information and improvements |
| D．promote and advertise the coach service offered by National Express |
What is true about the National Express?
| A．It is a company located in the US that offers coach service nationwide. |
| B．If you visit its website, a ticket will automatically be booked for you. |
| C．It aims to provide safe, relaxing and punctual service for its customers. |
| D．Its coach has step free lifts at both ends of the coach. |
Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made.
Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people’s lives. It alters people’s ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持) modern life.
Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, and a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate (提高) people into greater understanding, but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.
The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible. To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.
Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.
According to the author, American television is poor in quality because _________.
| A．it is controlled by radio companies |
| B．the programs have to be developed partly for economic reasons |
| C．advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas |
| D．it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio |
In the author’s view, American TV should _________.
| A．be entertaining and attractive |
| B．reflect society and attract society |
| C．attract as many viewers as possible |
| D．change with the development of society |
Based on the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．TV has become a must in the American’s life. |
| B．One can expect to improve his understanding significantly from watching TV. |
| C．American TV is important to most people as it affects their life in many ways. |
| D．American TV nowadays has some different standards from the past. |
The author’s attitude towards American television is _________.
| A．negative | B．positive |
| C．indifferent | D．sympathetic |
Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must be simple in design, reversible( 可翻转的), capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.
Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important thing, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.
The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated individuals even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible so that it is nearly impossible to set it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.
The passage is mainly about_____________.
| A．the uses of life preservers |
| B．the design of life preservers |
| C．the materials for life preservers |
| D．the buoyancy of life preservers |
According to the passage, a life preserver should be first of all, _________.
| A．adjustable | B．comfortable |
| C．self-evident | D．self-righting |
United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ______.
| A．with as few strings as possible |
| B．capable of being worn on both sides |
| C．according to each wearer's size |
| D．comfortable and light to wear |
By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ______.
| A．who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver |
| B．who has a little experience in using a life preserver |
| C．who uses a life preserver without permission |
| D．who becomes nervous before a disaster |
On a clear night, the sky is a wonderful thing. Is there life out there somewhere? Is there another place like Earth where life might exist? If so, where is it? And how far away is it?
Recently, the Kepler spacecraft found “22b”, a planet about six hundred light years away. It is the first planet in a “habitable zone” outside the solar system. That means the planet orbits(环绕) a star like our sun, but it is not too close to it, nor too far away. Because of this position, Kepler-22b might have water, one of the main things needed for life. The newly-discovered planet is about two and a half times larger than the Earth. It is closer to its star than we are to the Sun, but 22b’s sun is smaller than ours, and doesnt produce as much heat. Scientific instruments show the new planet could be made of gases, rocks or some kinds of liquids.
The Kepler spacecraft was named in honor of Johannes Kepler, the seventeenth century German astronomer. It was designed to examine a small part of the Milky Way galaxy(星系)and search for places like the Earth. It was made to inspect over 150,000 stars and measure how bright they are. It looks to see if a star’s brightness gets less over a short time.
If a planet passes between Kepler and the star, it blocks out part of the light. That is what suggested to scientists that there is at least one planet orbiting the star. The instruments on Kepler show the new planet as a small, black dot moving across its sun. An important part of the Kepler experiment is on the Earth. After the spacecraft gathers information, scientists use the telescopes on the ground.
Scientists have found over 2,300 new planets since Kepler was launched. Most are much larger, but it is the new planet’s distance from its star that is important. For life to possibly exist there, the planet’s temperature must not be too hot or too cold. What can we learn about Kepler-22b?
| A．Water must have existed on it. |
| B．It takes humans about 600 years to get there. |
| C．It is made of gases, rocks and plenty of liquids. |
| D．It is the first planet in outer space where life may survive |
The Kepler spacecraft was sent into space to
| A．show honor to Johannes Kepler |
| B．observe the changes of a star’s brightness |
| C．look for Earth-like planets in the Milky Way galaxy |
| D．measure the brightest star among 150.000 stars |
In Paragraph 4 the author mainly tells us
| A．how the Kepler system works |
| B．if the Kepler system sees a new planet |
| C．how the Kepler system shows a new planet |
| D．why an important part of the Kepler system remains on the Earth |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Life may exist on the new planet in another form. |
| B．It is colder on the new planet because its sun is smaller. |
| C．Life can’t exist on planets which are much larger than the Earth. |
| D．The new planet’s distance from its star decides on the possibility of life existence. |
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