Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always making up new words, and we are often able to know where most come from.
Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called “hamburgers”, especially when they are not made with ham(火腿)? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They didn’t speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef, they asked the Germans what they were. The Germans didn’t understand the question and answered, “We come from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round pieces of bread with beef in them and started selling them. Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”. Today, “Hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world.
Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary.English is spoken by many people around the world every day, but English is ______.
| A．as old as Chinese | B．older than Chinese |
| C．younger than Chinese | D．older than German |
Hamburg is ______.
| A．a kind of food | B．a round piece of beef |
| C．the name of a country | D．a city in Germany |
According to the story, the word “hamburger” comes from ______.
| A．English speakers because they’re always making up new words |
| B．the round piece of beef which those people from Hamburg ate |
| C．English because Germans don’t speak good English |
| D．a large English dictionary |
. Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Few Americans like hamburgers. |
| B．Hamburgers are made with ham. |
| C．Hamburgers were first sold a century ago. |
| D．Hamburgers were some people. |
. Which of the following can be found in any large dictionary?
| A．Where Germans came from. |
| B．Where all the new words came from. |
| C．The reason why a new word has a certain meaning. |
| D．Why English is spoken all over the world. |
Learning to communicate well is a skill you will use all your life． You need this skill in your personal life to express your feelings to friends and family members． You need to be able to communicate well in school， too． Your future job success may also depend on your ability to communicate．
Kinds of Communication
There are two main kinds of communication． The first kind is verbal communication（ 语 言 交 流 ）． It includes the use of words to send information． Speaking and writing are both forms of verbal communication．
Nonverbal communication（ 非语言交流） includes any means of sending a message that does not use words． Your appearance， body language and the way you react are all forms of nonverbal communication．
Global（全球的） Connections
Communication Differences
Western cultures value direct eye contact（交流 ） and train kids to "look people in the eye"． But Japanese， African， and many Latin American cultures avoid eye contact to show respect．
Go Green
Green Technology
Have you ever considered computers to be green technology？ Think about all the trees needed to make paper for books and your written activities． The ability to transfer（ 转 移 ） the written tasks to a computer makes it quite an environmentally friendly invention．
Community Connections
Good Manners
It is easy to have good manners if you try to think of others first． If someone new joins your group of friends or moves into your neighborhood， make a self﹣introduction first． Make him or her feel welcome． Help someone who needs a hand． Hold the door open for the person behind you．
Being an Active Listener
Communication is a two﹣way process． Sometimes you are the sender and sometimes you are the receiver． To receive the messages clearly， it helps to be an active listener． Active listening is a communication skill in which the listener shows a clear understanding of what a person is saying． You can do thisin several ways．
◆Repeat what you think the speaker is saying．
◆Let the speaker know you are listening by nodding or shaking your head．
◆If the message you receive is not clear， ask questions．
◆Listen before answering．
◆Do not interrupt（打断）． Allow the speaker to finish what he or she has to say．
（1）Please translate the underlined（划线的） sentence into Chinese．（不超过 25 个汉字）
．
（2）Why are computers mentioned when talking about verbal communication？
．
（3）Which good nonverbal communication behaviors are given in the passage？ （One or two examples are OK） ．
（4）In the passage， the underlined word "this" refers to（指） ．
（5）After reading the passage， what do you think of your communication skills？ Why do you think so？ ．
According to the traditional Chinese custom， 2018 is just the year of Dog． Ranking as the eleventh animal in the Chinese zodiac ﹣﹣ the Shengxiao， Dog is a symbol of loyalty （忠诚） and honesty．
● Self﹣mocker （自嘲）
Words and phrases including dogs （Gou in Chinese） are commonly used by young people when telling jokes about themselves． For example， you can say "Valentine's Day has nothing to do with me since I am a single dog．" It is believed that dog﹣related words and phrases usually have good humour．
● Close relationship
Among some young people， adding "dog" to a friend's name has the meaning of a close relationship． One of the most famous examples in China is that the actor Lin Gengxin is called Lin Gou by his close friends and beloved fans．
● Easy to raise
Kids with pleasant names are easy to bring up， according to an ancient Chinese saying． Parents in the countryside prefer to give nicknames including Gou Sheng and Gou Dan to their kids in the hope that they are as easy to be raised as dogs．
● Metaphor （隐喻）
Since dogs are considered to have many good qualities （ 品 质 ）， the word is included in more than 10Chinese metaphors． For example， "serve like a dog or a horse，" is used to describe someone who is ready to work hard for the people who have powers．
| |
Symbol Dog is a loyal and （1） animal． |
| Self﹣mocker The dog﹣related words and phrases are commonly used by young people when telling （2） |
|
| Close relationship Adding "dog" to a person's name （3） that you have a closer relationship with him or her than others． |
|
| Easy to raise Parents hope that kids can grow up as（4） as dogs by giving nicknames to them． |
|
| Metaphor Please translate "Serve like a dog or a horse．" into Chinese． （5） （不超过 5 个汉字） |
This year 2，300 teenagers from all over the world will spend about ten months in US homes． They will attend US schools， meet US teenagers， and form impressions of America． （1） They will learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world．
（2） Fred， nineteen， spent last year in Germany with George's family． In turn， George's son Mike spent a year in Fred's home in America．
Fred， a lively young man， knew little German when he arrived， but after two months' study， the language began to come to him． （3） Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room． They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States． There were almost no outside activities．
（4） The father's word was law， and all activities were around the family rather than one of the members． Fred found the food too simple at first． Also， he missed having a car．
"Back home， you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time． In Germany， you walk， but you soon learn to like it．
Meanwhile， in America， Mike， a German boy， was also forming his idea． "I suppose I should criticize（ 批 评 ） American schools，" he said． "It is far too easy by our level． （5） In Germany we do nothing but study． Here we take part in many outside activities． I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens． There should be some middle ground between the two．"
A． Family life， too， was different．
B． But I have to say that I like it very much．
C． Here is a two﹣way student exchange in action．
D． School was quite different from what he had expected﹣﹣﹣much harder．
E． In fact， there are many differences between the two countries' cultures．
F． At the same time， about 1， 300 American teenagers will go to other countries．
In students' daily talks， celebrities （ 名 人 ） are usually a hot topic， including their dress， behavior， families and other personal things． Then， is it a celebrity's job（职责）to be a good role model？ Please read the following students' debate．
| what they let their kids see． |
of stars have to post apology （ 道歉） letters after being caught doing bad things． It's good， but if the only reason they do is to win back their fans， it's not good． |
| I think everyone should try to be a good role model， even if you are not a celebrity! You can still be a role model to your sisters and brothers， a younger neighbor， or anyone． But I think celebrities should be very good， because they are role models for so many people! |
Although it is a wonderful thing to be a good role model， that's not what the celebrities must do． They are famous because they love what they do and are good at it． Being a role model is never in the job． If the celebrity knows they are affecting the young people， they should try hard to set a good example． |
| Is it a celebrity's job to be a good role model？ |
|
It's a celebrity's job to be a good role model because people usually look up to stars． If a celebrity drinks and smokes， his fans will follow him because they look up to the celebrity so much． If a celebrity's lifestyle is 
A celebrity doesn't have to try to be a good role model． They are famous because they worked hard at what they love for a living．They should， however， try to make good choices for themselves， not their fans． Lots（1）Which of the following reasons is NOT from the pros？
| A． |
People look up to the celebrities． |
| B． |
Everyone should try to be a good role model． |
| C． |
Celebrities get much love and support from fans． |
（2）What does the underlined word " inappropriate" mean？
| A． |
难以言说的 |
| B． |
非同寻常的 |
| C． |
不恰当的 |
（3）According to the cons， how do some people become famous？
| A． |
By working hard at what they love． |
| B． |
By setting a good example to others． |
| C． |
By making good choices for themselves． |
（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to their words？
| A． |
It is easy for stars to win back fans． |
| B． |
Stars may sometimes do something wrong． |
| C． |
Family members should encourage kids to be stars． |
（5）What conclusion（结论） can we draw from their opinions？
| A． |
When you become a celebrity， you have been a good role model too． |
| B． |
Even though a celebrity makes mistakes， young people should follow him． |
| C． |
Whether a celebrity is a role model or not， he should care about his behavior． |
Every year on 15th October， over 200 million people around the world take part in Global Handwashing Day． But why do we have a day for something we do all the time？ Well， research shows that not enough people often wash their hands with soap． Experts believe that this leads to the deaths of millions of people every year．
Sidibe， a public health expert says soap is the most beautiful invention in public health'． Washing your hands with soap can have a huge impacton reducing （减少） the spread of diseases． Handwashing with soap prevents babies from getting ill and keeps children healthy and in school．
However， washing hands with soap does not happen as often as you might think． This is partly because there aren't enough resources （资源） in poorer countries， but it's also because for many people， handwashing is simply not part of their everyday life． It's not easy to get people to change habits they learned in early childhood ﹣﹣ but this is what Global Handwashing Day wants to do．
In 2008， the Indian cricket team joined around 100 million Indian schoolchildren in washing their hands to promote （促进） the first ever Global Handwashing Day． Every year since then， many different events have been held around the world． In 2014， Global Handwashing Day was used in the fight against Ebola， a very serious disease， with events held in affected （受感染的） African countries．
Today， local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the message about the importance of clean hands． The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of people's lives and improves the health of millions around the world．
（1）Who started Global Handwashing Day？
| A． |
Public health experts． |
| B． |
The Indians． |
| C． |
African schoolchildren． |
| D． |
Government leaders． |
（2）What does the underlined word " impact" mean？
| A． |
Danger． |
| B． |
Influence． |
| C． |
Background． |
| D． |
Problem． |
（3）What's the main idea of the last paragraph？
| A． |
Washing hands with soap is good for public health． |
| B． |
Washing hands with soap doesn't become part of people's lives． |
| C． |
People are holding many different events to fight against diseases． |
| D． |
People all over the world are encouraged to wash hands with soap． |
（4）What would be the best title for the passage？
| A． |
Learning to Use Soap． |
| B． |
Fighting Against Diseases． |
| C． |
Living a Healthy Life． |
| D． |
Changing Your Habits． |
粤公网安备 44130202000953号