No one knows for certain why people dream, but some dreams misht be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time (午睡时间) dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.
“I was astonished by this finding,” Robert Stickgold told Science News. He is a cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School who worked on the study of-how the brain and nervous system work, and cognitive studies look at how people learn and reason. So a cognitive neuroscientist may study the brain processes that help people learn.
In the study, 99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze (虚拟迷宫). The maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried - making it even more difficult. They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.
For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the particularity stayed awake and half were told to take a short nap. Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after steep - and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.
About a dozen of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze. Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working; others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze. When these people tried the computer maze again, they were generally able to find the tree faster than before their naps. However, people who had other dreams, or people who didn’t take a nap, didn’t show the same improvement.
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn’t help a person learn - it’s the other way around.It is a cognitive scientists job to study__ .
| A．how people dream and learn |
| B．the structure of the nervous system |
| C．whether someone is reasonable |
| D．the process of understanding |
The purpose of the study attended by 99 college students is to .
| A．find the hidden tree in the maze |
| B．test the design of a difficult virtual maze |
| C．train people’s memory |
| D．see how dreams and learning are connected |
The better performance in working out the maze is connected with .
| A．how people dream | B．what people dream |
| C．when people dream | D．where people dream |
The writer will probably continue to talk about in the 6th paragraph.
| A．how learning process caused the dream |
| B．how a dream helps a person learn |
| C．how dreams and learning influence each other |
| D．how to improve people’s memory |
The financial crisis will be the top issue at this year’s World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. The five – day meeting starts on Wednesday, January 28. More than two thousand five hundred people from ninety-six countries will discuss ways to solve the crisis.
The event gathers some of the world's most powerful political and business leaders at a small ski village in the Swiss Alps. Organizers this week announced a program built around the theme: “Shaping the Post-Crisis World."
But with the world still in crisis , there was news that no famous people from show business will be at the forum this year. Bona, the social activist and lead singer of the Irish rock group U2, usually attends. But he will not be attending this year.
Organizers expect a record forty-one heads of state or government. They include Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and the prime minister of Kenya, Raila Odinga.
Among those expected from President Obama's new administration is Lawrence Summers, the director of the National Economic Council. Another is Mister Obama's national security adviser, retired general James Jones.
Members of the US Congress are also among the guest list, along with former president Clinten, a favorite at Davos. About sixty percent of those attending are business leaders.
The World Economic Forum will also discuss global warming, investment in low-carbon forms of energy in developing countries and other issues.
Klaus Schwab is the founder and chairman of the forum. He calls this one of the most important gatherings in its thirty-nine year history. He says the financial crisis should be seen as a wake-up call to change systems and ways of thinking, and to re-establish trust.
KLAUS SCHWAB: "We never will move out of the crisis if we do not re-establish confidence which means we have to establish signposts for the future."
1．What is the main purpose of the World Economic Forum this year?
A．To wake up people to establish signpost for the future.
B．To solve the problems of global warning.
C．To re-establish confidence of the leaders.
D．To discuss how to solve the crisis.
2．The underlined word “signpost” in the last paragraph means .
A．symbol B．road C．goal D．station
3．What does Klaus Schwab mean in the second paragraph from the bottom?
A．The crisis requires us to change.
B．We should change the systems of the forum.
C．The forum has a long history.
D．The crisis needs trust.
Third – generation mobile phones, known as 3G, are the next big step for the electron industry. Data spec in 3G networks are much quicker than present technology. This means users can have high-speed Internet access and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones.
“Mobile data is not a dream; it’s not an option but a requirement,” said Len Lauer, head of a US communications company, Sprint PCS, at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month.
With 3G, you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday’s news; a 3G phone can receive video news programs, updated four times a day. Internet access will also be much quicker, making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home.
Face-to-face video calls
And don’t worry about getting lost. 3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset.
However, the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling. With live two-way video communication, you can have face-to-face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone.
Many European countries have already launched the service. In May 2000 the US Government issued five license to run 3G wireless services, while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year.
International telecom companies can’t wait to sell 3G in China, the world’s largest mobile telecommunications market. But they will have to be patient. At the moment, China is busy testing its 3G-based technologies, networks and services. This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops.
“We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the large-scale commercial launch of the service,” said Fan Yunjun, marketing manager for Beijing Mobile. “We expect that the 3G licenses will be issued late next year.”
1．Which 3G, you can do the following EXCEPT .
A．find your way easily
B．learn what’s going on in the world
C．make your computer run faster
D．make face – to – face video telephone calls
2．According to the text, which function of the following makes 3G technology most extraordinary?
A．It can provide video news programs, updated four times a day.
B．Users can have face – to – talks with friends and family on their mobile phones.
C．Users can enjoy video and CD – quality music on their phones.
D．It’ll be easier for users to surf the Web on their phone than on their computers at home.
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．3G mobile phones were first used in America.
B．Foreign telecom companies won’t enter China.
C．3G technology is now at the commercial stage in China.
D．Users in China won’t probably use 3G mobile phones until late next year.
4．What does Len Lauer want to inform the readers?
A．Realizing the dream of mobile data based on the application of 3G is a must.
B．There is no need to send messages since 3G, can receive video news programs.
C．3G is supposed to own all the functions that a computer has.
D．It is a choice to carry mobile data with 3G phones.
| Have fun with Stamp collecting……Join the Collectors. Club today! If you enjoy learning all about stamps，then the Royal Mail’s Collectors Club is for you. Join the club and discover the fascinating world of stamps. There are over 70,000 members and it is one of the biggest clubs of its kind in the country. Become a member today and you will receive lots of wonderful stamp collecting goodies. ●A Starter pack.... And every two months… ●Collectors Club magazine ●Collectors Corner supplement And every year… ●A new Stamp Calendar ●A set of Album Pages John today！ It won’t cost you much to experience the fun of stamp collecting. |
Collectors Club Starter Pack 1. 100 used stamps and hinges. 2. The Collectors Club Guide to Collecting. 3. The latest Collectors Club magazine (packed with news and views about stamps, quizzes and competitions, all in colour) 4. Album pages 5. Badge and stickers 6. Membership card 7. Royal Mail Stamp Calendar. ﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ Already Registered? Sign In Here! Learn More View a Flash presentation about our club (3.51MB) |
1．Which of the following is NOT included in a starter pack?
A．One hundred used stamps and hinges and album pages.
B．The Collectors Club Guide to Collecting and badge and stickers.
C．The latest Collectors Club magazine and membership card.
D．Royal Mail Stamp Calendar and Collectors Corner supplement
2．This advertisement is written for people who want to .
A．make money through collecting stamps
B．develop stamp collection as a hobby
C．get something free from the club
D．find out where the club is located
3．From the advertisement we can learn .
A．Collectors Club is among the biggest clubs in this country
B．how much you must pay to become a member of the club
C．today is the last day for stamp collectors to join the club
D．members may receive a set of album pages every month
4．Where is this advertisement most probably found?
A．In a newspaper. B．On a web page.
C．In a magazine. D．On a TV program.
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Upon reaching an appropriate age, usually between 18 and 21 years, children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationships and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spousesthrough other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.
In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.
1．The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show .
A．they choose their spouses according to their own wishes only
B．they want to win the permission of their parents
C．they have a strong desire to become independent
D．they want to challenge the authority of their parents
2．Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of __ __.
A．love B．financial concern
C．their parents D．family background
3．Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.
A．American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents
B．most American people never make major decisions for their children
C．American young adults posses cultural values of independence
D．once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently
4．A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because .
A．he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school
B．he wants to prove his independence
C．he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of
D．he wants to show his love for his parents
1．Falling objects are pulled down to the ground by .
A．gravity B．resistance C．speed D．acceleration（加速度）
2．Why do people make parachutes(降落伞)?
A．To look pretty and colourful in the air. B．To slow down the falling speed.
C．To push against the air in the sky. D．To accelerate the falling movement.
3．Which did Galileo discover?
A．A heavy ball falls faster than a light ball. B．A light ball falls faster than a heavy ball.
C．A light ball and a heavy ball fall at the same speed.
D．A light ball and a heavy ball fall at different speed.
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Heavy and light objects fall equally when they are different in size.
B．When air resistance equals gravity, objects fall at terminal speed.
C．Without air; all falling objects get faster and faster at the same rate.
D．Slippers（拖鞋） and boots （靴子）fall at the same speed because they have the same shape
粤公网安备 44130202000953号