There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste（阶级） may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. An inactive society may result.What is the main purpose of the passage?
| A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems. |
| B．To explain the science of economics. |
| C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system. |
| D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets. |
In the second paragraph, the underlined word “real” could best be replaced by _______.
| A．valuable | B．concrete | C．absolute | D．reliable |
According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ______.
| A．rapid speed of transactions | B．misunderstandings |
| C．inflation | D．difficulties for the traders |
According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?
| A．Individual households. | B．Small businesses. |
| C．Major corporations. | D．The government. |
Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion（标准）for determining a person’s position in a traditional society?
| A．Family background | B．Age |
| C．Religious beliefs. | D．Custom |
The earliest historical record of the Diaoyu Islands can date back to China’s Ming Dynasty about 650 years ago in a book titled "Voyage With a Tail Wind," published in 1403. The book records the first usage of "Diaoyu Islet" and "Chiwei Islet". The names refer to the current Diaoyu Islands and Chiwei Islet. Hu Zongxian, the Zhejiang governor of the Ming Dynasty, placed the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets within China’s maritime defense system. It demonstrates that the islands have been within China’s maritime defense region since the Ming Dynasty.
Japan claimed sovereignty（主权） during the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, seizing the islands by illegal means.
The Cairo Declaration issued after World War II stipulated(规定) that all territory taken by Japan illegally, including China’s northeast, Taiwan and Penghu islets, must be returned to China.
In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration. The declaration laid out that Japan must return Taiwan, the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets to China.
But the islands came under US control after 1945. In 1951, Japan and the US signed an illegal treaty in San Francisco without inviting China. The islands were then "entrusted" to Japan according to the treaty.
On September 18th, 1951, then Chinese Premier and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai made a solemn(庄严的) statement on behalf of the Chinese government that the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed in San Francisco was illegal , and would not be recognized without the participation and signing of the People’s Republic of China.
In June 1971, Japan and the United States signed an agreement to hand over Okinawa to Japan. The Diaoyu Islands were mapped into the handover area.
China’s Foreign Ministry announced on December 30th 1971 that such a move was "totally illegal" and reiterated(重申) that the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets were "an integral part of the Chinese territory".The underlined word"maritime"in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.
| A．referring to sea | B．referring to many time |
| C．referring to marriage | D．referring to hard life |
In what order is the article written ?
| A．The order of importance |
| B．The order of time |
| C．The order of place or direction |
| D．The order of advantages and disadvantages |
According of the text, what statemetn is NOT TRUE?
| A．China's sovereignty to Diaoyu Island dates back to the Ming Dynasty. |
| B．The Potsdam Declaration issued that Japan must return Diaoyu Island and surrrounding islets to China. |
| C．In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender under the terms of the Cairo Declaration. |
| D．So far as new China's government is concerned, the treaty between Japan and USA about Diaoyu Island and surrounding islets is considered illegal. |
| H.T.B. ARTS CENTRE |
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| FILM Tickets £2.50 / £ 1.50. Performances at 8 pm unless started otherwise. |
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| WILD AT HEART 127mins. Web 6-Fri8 February Director: David Lynch Starring: Nicholas Cage, Laura Dern, Willem Dafoe |
A first-class film. CAGE and his girlfriend DERN are on teh run through the dangerous Deep South. They are hiding from gunmen who have been hired to kill CAGE by DERN's mother. Victims, yes—but they also have fun. It's wild at heart, strange on top. Funny, frightening and brilliant. |
| DICK TRACY 113mins Mon 11-Sat16 February 6pm Tickets on sale 5-6 pm Director: Warren Beatty Starring: Warren Beatty , Madonna |
The famous detective tries to stop Big Boy and the Blank from taking over the city. A colourful and exciting film. Some parts are frightening, so think twice about taking children. |
| BATMAN 126 mins Mon11-Sat16 February 8.30pm Tickets on sale 7.30-8.30pm PIZZA PLUS offer 6-7pm Director: Tim Burton Starring: Michael Keaton, Jack Nicholson |
A few essential questions must be asked...Is Batman a mad hero? Why does Bruce Wayne spend millions dressing up as a bat? Has Nicholson's Joker stolen the whole movie? Great action and excellent acting, especially by Nicholson. |
| TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES 93mins Mon 18- Fri22 February 6pm Tickets on sale 5-6 pm Director: Steve Barron |
If you've eaten Teenage Mutant Hero Turtle pizzas(marshmallow and chocolate on banana) and then cleaned your teeth with a Teenage Mutant Hero Turtle toothbrush we need say no more... If not, then get in on the craze(热衷) and see for yourself. Then man-sized turtles fight their enemy, Shredder in an action-packed story. |
Which film has the shortest running time?
| A．Batman | B．Dick Tracy |
| C．Wild at Heart | D．Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles |
According to the text, we can learn that _____.
| A．tickets on sale for the four films can be bought at 6 pm |
| B．Dick Tracy and Batman can be seen on the same day |
| C．One can buy tickets in advance for all the films |
| D．Both Batman and Wild at Heart are frightening |
Which of the following is TRUE of Batman?
| A．Cage acted the leading role in it. |
| B．One can enjoy pizza at 6:30 pm. |
| C．The pizzas offered contain fruits. |
| D．Most of its scenes are peaceful. |
Where can we most probably read this text?
| A．In a research paper. | B．In a short story. |
| C．In an ad page. | D．In a student's book. |
The British coloney(殖民地)of Bermude is a top summertime escape. Yet, even through October, Bermuda isn't ready to stop for the winter. During this month, world-class festivals on teh island keep things lively and the weather remains comfortable enough for Bermuda shorts and bathing suits.
In October, Bermuda hosts two major festivals—the Bermuda Music Festival and the Bermuda Culinary Arts(厨艺) Festival. The 10th anniversary Bermuda Music Festival begins October 5 and features three days of performances at the Royal Naval Dockyard(皇家海军造船厂)on Bermuda's West End. Featured main stage performers include Joss Stone, Pattie Labelle, and Al Green, and a second stage spotlights local Bermudian artists. General admission tickets start at $60 for on e day or $160 for a three-day pass.
Starting October 21, the Culinary Arts Festival brings some of North America's top chefs to the island for four days of food and wine tastings, conferences and cooking competitions. Participating chefs include Todd English and Michael Lomonaco, among others. Three-day festival passes start at $649 per person, but you can also buy separate tickets for individual events.
Even if you don't attend one of the festivals, there's still plenty to do. With mostly sunny days and temperatures averaging aroung 79 degrees, the weather is just right for participating in Bermuda's two favorite pastimes—golf and tennis. With fewer visitors on the island than during the summer, you may have an easier time getting the best times or a spot on the courts. It's also still warm enough to enjoy the island's pink sand beaches and go swimming, because the water keeps the summer's heat longer than the air. Of course, you can always shop in the city of Hamilton's upscale(质优价高的) small goods arts and crafts shops.The Culinary Arts Festival lasts _____.
| A．from October 5 to 7 | B．from October 5 to 8 |
| C．from October 21 to 24 | D．from October 21 to 25 |
The best time to travel to Bermuda is ______
| A．spring | B．Summer | C．Autumn | D．winter |
This text is most probably a(n) ______
| A．advertisement | B．introduction |
| C．report | D．instruction |
According to the text which of the following statements is true?
| A．In winter travelers can't swim in the sea. |
| B．Bermuda is an island controlled by the UK. |
| C．The two festivals fall on the same period of October. |
| D．Bermuda's two major festivals in October are mainly for the British. |
NEW YORK— The band Atomic Tom has scored an Internet hit with its self-created video to the song Take Me Out. In the video, the band members ride a New York City subway while performing entirely on iPhones, with applications linked with mini-battery powered broadcasters for each instrument.
Singer Luck White says the production was a top-secret operation.
"We didn't tell anyone about this. It was completely top-secret from our family, from our friends, from management, from everybody. So the first time that people saw this video was last Friday when we put it on YouTube,"explained White.
It has been watched by more than 2 million on YouTube since debuting(首次露面) last week. "All I've wanted to do for the past few days is just stare at the YouTube page and keep refreshing it to see how far it will go, " said Espiritu, the lead guitarist of the band.
"The Internet changed everything,"Espiritu said. "It's kind of an exciting time because it forces everyone to adjust and be creative and find new ways to get your name out there."
The idea for the video came from Espiritu's 24-year-old brother Benjamin, who's hoping to go to film school. " I've seen a lot of these music applications, and they're kind of fascinating to me,"Benjamin Espiritu said. " I thought: 'What would happen if iPhones kind of took over the world? If there could actually be a band that played straight through with iPhones, what would that look like?'" So they shot(拍摄) the video —with iPhones also serving as video cameras. The band also tried Union Square but were stopped during playing because they didn't have a permit.
"The YouTube views are translating into album sales,"Espiritu said. "We've seen the jump." Their album has been in the top 10albums on iTunes.
Will their fans start cheering for iPhone-only performances? "We've gotten the most exposure(曝光)and teh most fans that we've ever gotten through this, so I wouldn't be surprised if fans are going to want to see that.: Espritu said.Who first saw the ban's video to the song Take Me Out?
| A．Their friends | B．Their family |
| C．The people online | D．Their management. |
What did Espiritu mean by saying "The YouTube views are translating into album sales"?
| A．The You Tube views make the album sales increase. |
| B．The band has changed the video on the YouTube into an album. |
| C．People need to pay for the video if they view it on the YouTube. |
| D．People who have viewed the video on the YouTube should buy an album. |
What can we learn from the text?
| A．It was Espiritu who came up with teh idea of the video. |
| B．Benjamin thought iPhones would take over the world. |
| C．The band also managed to shoot the video in the Union Square. |
| D．Espiritu thought it was possible fro their fans to prefer iPhone-only performances. |
What would be the best title for this text?
| A．Atomic Tom's iPhone Subway Performance |
| B．Take Me Out—Atomic Tom's New Song |
| C．A band's performance through YouTube |
| D．A Band's iPhone single Take Me Out Hits Big |
Since the beginning of the year, smog(雾霾) has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.
Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.
So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.
Smog is especially a common concern. As a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or profession. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.
At a meeting on Monday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life,” he said.
China needs to develop its economy and invest (投资) in hightech. Every Chinese has a dream to make China stronger. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can move to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.
What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. The great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's determination to address the environment issue.The effect of smog doesn't include ________.
| A．the increase of people's income |
| B．more people suffering diseases |
| C．the rising of PM2. 5 readings |
| D．patients increased in hospital |
Why has smog become a common concern ________?
| A．Because people have to pay higher prices. |
| B．Because a popular onlinepost discussed it. |
| C．Because we have to develop industry. |
| D．Because nobody can avoid it. |
To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but ________.
| A．we have to sacrifice air as the price |
| B．the smog is the only by product |
| C．ecological progress can be ignored |
| D．the dirty air is not what we want |
The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.
| A．space technologies | B．other planets |
| C．human beings | D．industrial development |
From the last two paragraphs we can infer that ________.
| A．hightech can completely solve the problem of pollution |
| B．we must protect the environment while developing economy |
| C．we can move to Mars after the earth has been destroyed |
| D．space technologies should be developed in a large scale |
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