Before discussing different kinds of emotions, let us briefly talk about how researchers 1 bodily processes, actions and behavior, and how this relates to what we do in our daily lives when we observe emotions in 2 .
Bodily processes can be directly measured by 3 of a polygraph. (测谎器)When a polygraph is skillfully used to 4 how we react bodily with what we are 5 , it is called a "lie detector". Bodily processes can also be measured 6 . This is what we do when we observe someone blushing (脸红). However, we are not always 7 of what bodily processes respond to.
Measuring action 8 behavior is the other way researchers assess the emotions. 9 , one measure of fear of snakes is how 10 a person will go to the snake. Another procedure is to have a person 11 how afraid he is, or how he feels, in this way, researchers have 12 the so-called "fear thermometer" to assess a person’s fear. 13 our everyday living, we do very much the same thing. Only not too 14 . We react to what a person does, what he says, 15 he says it, and how he looks. Is he smiling? Is his voice trembling? We put all this 16 together to infer what a person is feeling.
17 , we do not always act as we feel. Sometimes we do things that we don’t feel like doing. 18 we say we feel one way and then we act another. Actors, for example, successfully learn to "make believe" emotions, or learn to 19 them. Thus we 20 always tell what a person is feeling by what he says or by what he does.
A．measure B．describe C．make D．use
A．other B．others C．another D．the others
A．ways B．methods C．means D．tools
A．combine B．treat C．examine D．compare
A．doing B．saying C．observing D．carrying
A．directly B．indirectly C．easily D．difficultly
A．afraid B．fond C．aware D．accused
A．but B．so C．and D．or
A．For example B．On one hand C．As well as D．At times
A．slow B．fast C．far D．close
A．tell B．say C．talk D．speak
A．approved B．discovered C．developed D．informed
A．During B．With C．On D．In
A．skillfully B．systematically C．naturally D．eventually
A．why B．where C．how D．whether
A．imaginations B．observations C．impressions D．awareness
A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Anyway
A．Sometime B．Someway C．Sometimes D．Anytime
A．express B．hide C．act D．say
A．needn’t B．shan’t C．won’t D．Can’t
Once my mother told me a story that in Africa, when an antelope (羚羊) wakes up every morning, the first thing it thinks about is, “I must be 36 to run faster than the fastest lion, or I will be killed.” 37 , a lion wakes from his dream. The first thing the lion thinks about is, “I must be able to catch the 38 antelope, or I will starve to 39 .” So almost simultaneously(同时地), the antelope and the lion get up and start running toward the 40 sun.
This is 41 : full of chances and challenges. Whether you are an antelope or a lion, you must go 42 when the sun rises. For students, it is just the same. If we don’t study hard, sooner or later, we will 43 the other students. At first I didn’t know what the word “exam” 44 . Later, I knew an exam was a kind of 45 . In competitions, there are always winners and 46 . As I grew up, I got to know competition well. In one’s life, there must be competitions, so people can 47 .
Each time I saw children playing games and heard their 48 , I wished I were that age again. 49 , I remembered my parents’ words: You must work very hard for a good future. So I 50 my pen and began to study hard again.
I was still not sure what competition 51 meant. One day, I was 52_in an English-speaking competition. When I went to the stage, I saw other students looking at me kindly. Suddenly I 53 what competition was. It is not as cruel as my teacher and parents told me. In fact, competition is the 54 : it is kind and necessary.
I learned a lot from realizing this 55 . Now I understand better about the world. Competition is important for us all.
A．able B．willing C．ready D．eager
A．On the contrary B．At the same time C．In other words D．In the first place
A．fastest B．weakest C．slowest D．strongest
A．death B．survival C．disease D．suffering
A．sinking B．setting C．shining D．rising
A．rule B．life C．study D．exam
A．over B．through C．ahead D．beyond
A．fall behind B．pass by C．catch up D．hold back
A．felt B．meant C．referred D．doubted
A．victory B．defeat C．process D．competition
A．competitor B．players C．losers D．failures
A．improve B．conclude C．acquire D．handle
A．crying B．laughter C．whisper D．delight
A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Otherwise
A．put up B．brought up C．made up D．picked up
A．commonly B．simply C．obviously D．really
A．succeeding B．participating C．taking D．getting
A．doubted B．acknowledged C．knew D．admitted
A．tough B．important C．content D．opposite
A．experience B．knowledge C．fact D．consequence
Just listen
I suspect that the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our 36 , and especially if it’s given from the 37 . When people are talking, there’s no need to do anything but 38 them. Just take them 39 . Listen to what they’re saying. Care about it. Most times caring about it is even more important than 40 it.
One of my patients told me that when she 41 to tell her story, people often 42 to tell her that they had once had something just like what happened to her. Subtly, her pain became a story about themselves. 43 she stopped talking to most people. It was just too 44 . We connect through listening. When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand, we move the 45 of attention to ourselves. But when we listen, they know we care.
I have ever learned to 46 to someone crying by just listening. In the old days I used to reach for the tissues(纸巾) 47 I realized that passing a person a tissue may be just another way to shut them 48 , to take them out of their 49 of sadness and pain. Now I just listen. When they have cried all they need to cry, they find me there 50 them.
This 51 thing has not been that easy to learn. It certainly went against everything I had been 52 since I was very young at school. I thought people listened only because they were too 53 to speak or did not know the answer. A loving silence often has far more 54 to connect than the most well-intentioned(善意的) 55 .
A．introduction B．instruction C．attention D．relaxation
A．head B．memory C．mind D．heart
A．talk to B．listen to C．object to(反对) D．stick to(坚持)
A．in B．up C．off D．away
A．denying(否认) B．remembering C．questioning D．understanding
A．managed B．tried C．hoped D．expected
A．encouraged B．interrupted C．discouraged D．urged
A．Eventually B．Immediately C．Completely D．Especially
A．impolite B．meaningless C．lonely D．selfish
A．middle B．focus C．center D．choice
A．respond B．compare C．link D．regret
A．unless B．if C．until D．when
A．down B．away C．in D．off
A．experiment B．mixture C．judgment D．experience
A．with B．against C．for D．among
A．complex(费解的) B．simple C．single D．complicated(复杂的)
A．mentioned B．published C．taught D．proved
A．shy B．greedy C．active D．proud
A．strength B．energy C．power D．force
A．gestures B．praise C．criticism D．words
A few weeks after my first wife, Georgia, was called to heaven, I was cooking dinner for my son and myself. For a 36 , I had decided on frozen peas. As I was cutting open the bag, it 37 from my hand and crashed to the floor. The peas, like marbles, 38 everywhere. I tried to use a broom(扫帚), 39 with each sweep they just rolled across the kitchen.
For the next week, every time I was in the 40 , I found a pea—in a corner, or behind a table leg. They kept 41 . Eight months later I pulled out the refrigerator to clean behind it, and 42 12 frozen peas hidden underneath.
At the time I found those few remaining 43 , I was in a new relationship with a wonderful 44 I’d met in a support group. After we married, I was reminded 45 those peas under the refrigerator, and realized that my 46 had been like that bag of frozen peas. It had shattered(破碎). My wife had died; I was in a new city with a busy job, and with a son having trouble 47 his new surroundings and the 48 of his mother. I was a bag of spilled(洒落) frozen peas; my life had come apart and scattered(撒开).
When life gets you 49 , when everything you know comes apart, and when you think you’ll never 50 , remember that it’s just a bag of scattered frozen peas. The peas can be 51 , and life will move on. You’ll find all the peas 52 , including the ones that are hardest to find. And when you’ve got them 53 you’ll start to feel whole again.
The life you know can break apart at any time. But you’ll have to 54 , and how fast you collect your peas depends on you. Will you keep scattering them around with a broom, 55 will you pick them up one by one and put your life back together?
A．drink B．fruit C．meat D．vegetable
A．slipped B．walked C．ran D．moved
A．rubbed B．rolled C．grew D．existed
A．so B．and C．although D．but
A．bedroom B．living room C．kitchen D．storeroom
A．getting up B．taking up C．turning up D．using up
A．found B．ate C．left D．planted
A．peas B．cans C．vegetables D．presents
A．man B．child C．woman D．boy
A．for B．with C．in D．of
A．wife B．life C．son D．friend
A．adapting to B．leading to C．turning to D．adding to
A．thank B．love C．help D．loss
A．wide B．near C．down D．close
A．get it B．make it C．take it D．leave it
A．grew B．collected C．bought D．frozen
A．eventually B．fortunately C．properly D．specially
A．both B．either C．all D．each
A．call on B．put on C．bring on D．move on
A．while B．or C．since D．because
Last summer I was a volunteer at a shelter (避难所)for the homeless, a place for homeless people to sleep at night. I wasn’t working that summer and was 36 only two classes in summer school, so I had some 37 time.
Three nights a week, I 38 in the kitchen of the shelter along with four other volunteers. We planned and 39 for 45 people hot meals 40 vegetables, chicken, fish and fruit. The homeless people 41 this good food because many of them usually didn’t eat well.
I 42 this volunteer work, making 43 with the four volunteers in the kitchen. One was a very nice elderly housewife, one a movie actor, another a young teacher, and the other a college student, 44 me.
I talked to a lot of the homeless people at the shelter. Their life stories 45 me with sympathy (同情). Some of them had 46 with alcohol(酒精) or drugs while others only had bad 47 . One woman worked for almost 30 years for a small company, and 48 she lost her job. She looked for a 49 job, but couldn’t find one, for she was too 50 . She could do nothing but sell her furniture — sofas, chairs, and tables 51 she could pay for her food. The woman 52 on job hunting, but she 53 couldn’t find one. She had no money for her 54 and had to sleep in her car. Then she had to sell her car. Alone, afraid and 55 , she finally came to the shelter.
A．studying B．planning C．holding D．taking
A．full B．free C．extra D．long
A．helped B．waited C．appeared D．washed
A．ordered B．bought C．cooked D．finished
A．with B．from C．by D．in
A．demanded B．needed C．collected D．requested
A．wanted B．had C．owned D．enjoyed
A．decisions B．wishes C．friends D．changes
A．as B．like C．except D．besides
A．full B．filled C．caught D．provided
A．habits B．worries C．difficulties D．problems
A．luck B．pain C．experience D．loss
A．so B．again C．then D．thus
A．good B．fresh C．skilled D．new
A．old B．poor C．sick D．dull
A．if B．because C．so that D．in case
A．went B．moved C．came D．worked
A．also B．still C．almost D．even
A．block B．car C．building D．flat
A．homeless B．curious C．shocked D．mad
Due to the increasing number of violent acts produced in schools all over the world, more and more parents prefer to have their children educated at home rather than at school. This way they can assure their safety and well-being. Teachers and school representatives are trying to improve the situation in schools by increasing the number of the persons charged with the safety of the students.
The main reason for violent acts are the films and cartoons that fill the children’s time. They want to do everything. They watch on TV and never think of the results, and they may hurt a classmate or a teacher.
On the other hand, parents are not fully satisfied with the children’s results obtained in classes and they consider private classes would have better results.
When a teacher has to watch 30 students in class he can’t probably see what each of them is doing, how he is writing, or if he understands the explanations. At home the teacher can explain in detail everything the child doesn’t understand as many times as he considers proper.
And many times, the child grows fond of the teacher at home, who becomes his best friend, and who helps him whenever he needs someone to talk to.
However, the best solution would be a mixture between the education received at school and that at home, because school makes children communicate and socialize. Keeping a child at home for fear that something bad might happen to him only makes the child’s character weak and prevents him from knowing what real life is. Staying in a glass bowl only does harm to the child.
All in all, schools have been created to help children, not to harm them, so it’s best to keep children in these special places, where they learn, laugh, have fun and make new friends.
The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to .
A．teach parents the ways to keep theft children safe B．show solutions to developing children’s character C．explain the main reason for violence acts in schools D．analyze an education problem and give opinions.
A．A toy that can be used for entertainment． B．A safe and comfortable environment． C．An object that is made of crystal． D．A setback that is hard to overcome．
A．violent TV programs have bad effects on children’ behavior B．the teacher at home is more patient than the teacher at school C．children today are weak from lack of sense of right and wrong D．there are too many students in class for a teacher to teach
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