Astherailroadsandthehighwayssh

更新 2022-09-03
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2011年全国统一高考英语试卷（北京卷）

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As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）systen for the 21^thcentury will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suurouding community. The same is true of big solar ppants and the power lines that will be laid dowm to move electricity around.
The 19^th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .
So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21^st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind ,just like the railroad and the highway .
The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .

what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways ?

A．small towns along the railways became abandoned .

B．some railroad stops remained .

C．land in the west was hard to manage .

D．land grants went into private hands.

what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs ?

A．the transmission of power	B．the use of money and power
C．the conservation of solar energy	D．the selection of an ideal place

what is the author ‘s attitude towards building solar plants ?

A．cautious

B．approving

C．doubtful

D．disapproving

which is the best title for the passage ?

A．how the railways have affected the west

B．how solar energy could reshape the west

C．how the effects of power plants can be reduced

D．how the problems of the highways have been settled

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Festival activities program
TIME AND PLACE
October 24~30: 9:00 a.m. ~4:00p.m
Oct.25~29: 12:00 p.m~9:00 p.m.
At Kerry Centre Hotel
Classroom area
1) English Taster Lesson
2) Food health-keeping method presentation Computer area
3) E-Photography and Techno Music
4) Education Software Demonstration
Internet Training area
SINA and Capital on- Line will provide Internet training for the public. The focus(焦点) will be on browsing the Internet; how to find useful information on the web and how to design an elementary Web page
Foyer activity area
5) The students from Beijing TV University for the Aged will provide calligraphy (handwriting demonstration)
6) Children activities Lectures
21st Century, the educational weekly of China Daily, will invite experts from English- speaking countries to hold lectures from 18:30 to 20:30 on Oct. 27 to 29 and in the daytime on Oct. 30.
60. A 70 -year- old teacher wants to see how to use writing brush well. He should go to ________.
A. Classroom area                     B. Computer area
C. Internet Training area                 D. Foyer Activity area
61. A person who is interested in internet can go to ____________.
A. Computer area at 9 .m. Oct. 30
B. Internet Training area at 11 a. m. Oct. 24
C. Classroom area at 8:00 p. M. Oct. 26
D. Lectures at 9:00 p. m. Oct. 29
62. The students of English Department have a chance to learn English at __________.
A. 9:00~9:45 a .m. Oct. 27             B. 15:00~15:45 Oct. 30
C. 17:15~18:00 Oct. 28                D. 12:00~12:45 Oct. 25
63. The underlined word "browsing" in the passage probably means ____________.
A. seeing everywhere                     B. going here and there
C. staring everywhere                     D. reading here and there in book, etc

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I went over to my grandmother’s house today and she didn’t have time for me. You see, the lady’s husband downstairs died and my Grandmother wanted to make some cookies for her. My grandmother did not analyze (分析) how the lady treated her, or if the lady needed any cookies, or even if the lady would like the cookies. She didn’t think how much the lady has done for her. She simply began baking.
My Grandmother turned 94 last week and this I believe is her secret to life. My grandmother is generous (慷慨) and hard-working in a way that is rare for our time. She lives by a simple belief: if someone needs your help, you help. Never mind all the analyzing and thinking whether the person deserves or appreciates the help. My grandmother doesn’t sit around thinking about who might be making use of her: she simply does what is needed.
At 94, she is busy in life. She is making a blanket for a new great grandchild, and worries that I don’t have enough kitchen towels for my home. She always brings soup to a sick neighbor, and teaches the new wife of her cousin (who is 88) how to cook Italian food.
My grandmother had every right to give up, but she didn’t — and amazingly life did bring her good things, like a husband with twinkling blue eyes who was much ahead of his time and believed that men should do an equal amount of cooking and cleaning in the home, three beautiful children (my father and two aunts), 22 grandchildren, and five great grandchildren. My grandmother is not afraid to give someone she barely knows a bowl of soup. She never keeps herself out of the world.
72. The reason why my grandmother made cookies for the lady downstairs is that ________.
A. she thought the lady was too busy
B. she would make them as thanks to her
C. she thought she should do something for the lady at the special time
D. they had had an agreement before
73. In the writer’s opinion, ________.
A. my grandmother has a secret way of living
B. my grandmother does everything on careful consideration
C. few people are as generous as my grandmother now
D. my grandmother will get something in return
74. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. My grandmother cares for her children even some strangers.
B. My grandfather does not treat women in an unfair way.
C. This is a family in which there are nearly 30 people now.
D. My grandmother never keeps everything for herself.
75. We may infer from the text that the writer ________.
A. thinks his grandmother is living a tired life
B. thinks his grandmother is doing what she should do
C. thinks his grandmother should not be so kind
D. is proud of his grandmother

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Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea．People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East Indian Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea．Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added．She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few British drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.
67．Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?
A. The British got expensive tea from India.
B. Tea reached Britain from Holland.
C．The British were the first people in Europe who drank tea.
D．It was not until the 17th century that the British had tea.
68．Tea became a popular drink in Britain_____________.
A．in eighteenth century           B．in sixteenth century
C．in seventeenth century          D．in the late seventeenth century
69．People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because_____________.
A．it tasted like milk
B．it tasted more pleasant
C．it became a popular drink
D．Madame de Sevigne was such a lady with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea
70．We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of　________.
A．a famous French lady          B．the ancient Chinese
C．the upper social class           D．people in Holland
71．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The history of tea drinking in Britain        B．How tea became a popular drink in Britain
C．How the British got the habit of drinking tea        D．How tea-time was born

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In the 1880s, Mark Twain established and operated his own publishing firm. He also became interested in various investments, especially an elaborate typesetting machine. He lost almost $200,000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894. Also, his publishing company declared bankruptcy (破产) in April 1894. Thus, in January 1895, Mark Twain found himself publicly shamed by his inability to pay his debts.
Mark Twain eventually recovered from his financial difficulties, through his continued writing and a successful lecture tour in 1895 and 1896. During this much-publicized tour, Twain lectured in such places as India, South Africa and Australia. By the time he returned, he had become an international hero. Twain enjoyed this attention, and his habits of smoking cigars or a pipe and wearing unconventional white suits contributed to his showy image. He also made use of his position as a public figure to criticize the US foreign policy.
Although he was recovering from his financial problems by 1898, Mark Twain had begun to experience tragedy in his personal life. Suzy, his oldest daughter, died of meningitis (脑膜炎) in 1896, while her parents and sister Clara were abroad. In 1903, Mark Twain sold the beloved house in Hartford, which had become too closely associated with Suzy’s death. His wife, Olivia, who had developed a heart condition, died on June 5, 1904. His youngest daughter, Jean, died on Dec. 24, 1909.
64. Which is not the reason why Mark Twain found himself in debt?
A.Because he devoted all his energy to his writings.
B.Because his publishing firm bankruptcy.
C.He lost almost $ 200 000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894
D.Because he lost a large quantity of money in various investments.
65. How did Mark Twain pay off his debts?
A. By borrowing money from the bank.
B. By investing in foreign countries.
C.By writing articles and a successful lecture tour.
D.By printing his own articles and selling them for money.
66. It can be inferred that Mark Twain ________________.
A.hated smoking cigars
B.liked wearing black clothes
C.hated the US foreign policy at that time
D.hated giving lectures in the foreign countries

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第三部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
Canada is a very large country. It is the second largest country in the world. By contrast it has a very small population. There are slightly over 30 million people there. Most Canadians are of British or French origin, and French is an official language of Canada as well as English. About 45% of the people are of British origin, that is, they or their parents or grandparents, etc., come from Britain. Nearly 30% are of French origin. Most of the French-Canadians live in the province of Quebec.
Over the years, people have come to live in Canada from many countries in the world. They are from most European countries and also from China, besides other Asian countries.
However, Canada was not an empty country when the Europeans began to arrive. Canadian Indians lived along the coast, by the rivers and lakes and in forests. Today there are only about 350 000 Indians in the whole country, with their own languages. In the far north live the Inuit. There are only 27 000 Canadian-Inuit. Their life is hard in such a difficult climate.
56. About_______________live in Quebec.
A. 30% of the French-Canadians     B. 45% of the Canadians
C. 29 000 000 people              D. 9 000 000 French-Canadians
57. The underlined word “origin” in Paragraph One means____________.
A. 血统         B. 后裔            C. 先驱         D. 猿人
58. About 23% of people came from____________
A. China         B. England        C. France
D. some other countries except France and Britain
59. Which of the following is true according to this passage?
A. There are 27 000 Canadian-Indians in Canada.
B. More than 13 million people have come from Britain and France in recent years.
C. There are nearly 30% of the populations whose parents or grandparents come from France.
D. There are no people when the Europeans began to arrive in Canada.

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