Thesummerbeachseasonisprimetim

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
题型阅读理解
难度中等
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The summer beach season is prime time for shark attacks. It seems like sharks are attacking all the time .But that is something of an illusion. The number of attacks is very small.
How does a shark hunt? Muscles and fins (鳍)give the shark its speed and maneuverability(灵活)in the water. A shark’s front fins act like the wings of a plane and let it “fly” through the water. The tail acts like a high-power propeller(推进器).
But the big thing that gives the shark its edge in the ocean is its sensory package. The package includes the shark’ eyes ,ears ,skin, nose and mouth, as well as electric sensing.
A shark' nose is probably its most important sense. If you were to put a single drop of blood in a swimming pool ,a great white shark could smell that. And they can tell the direction that the smell is coming from.
Sharks handle their electric sensing using cell located in the head .Whenever something moves using its muscles , a shark can detect the electrical impulses（脉冲）flowing to those muscles. A shark can electrically “see” anything that has muscles even if it is hiding or the water is not clear.
Sharks even have vibration sensors in their skin. Even something moves near the shark ,tubes pick up the pressure changes and hairs inside the tubes send signals to the brain . This extra sense allows a shark to turn quickly and attack again.
When you put all these different senses together ,it makes the shark a nearly ideal hunter. A shark can detect prey from miles away and then use eyes ,electrosensing and movement sensing to home in .
Strangely, sharks do not seem to use these senses to home in on people. The very low number of sharks tells us that sharks do not hunt people on a regular basis. On the other hand , people love to hunt sharks. Millions of sharks die every year. Without protection ,extinction is a definite possibility.
From the text ,we can know that____________________.

A．it is true that sharks are attacking all the time .

B．a shark can see anything that has muscles even if it is hiding

C．sharks deal with their electric sensing using cell located in the skin .

D．what gives the shark its speed and maneuverability is fins and muscles.

What gives the shark its edge in the ocean according to the text?

A．its muscles

B．its nose

C．Its sensory package

D．Its fins

The underlined phrase “home in on ”means_________.

A．swim

B．move

C．hunt

D．smell

In this text ,the writer implies that ________________.

A．there are many shark attacks.	B．humans beings should protect sharks
C．human beings dislike hunting sharks.	D．shark’s nose is very important.

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( C )
Steve is always in a good mood. One day I went up to Steve and asked him, “ How do you do it?” Steve replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself, ‘You have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood.’ So I choose to be in a good mood. It’s your choice how you live your life.”
I reflected on what Steve said. Soon thereafter, I left the Tower Industry to start my own business. Several years later, I heard that Steve was involved in a serious accident, falling some 60 feet from a communication tower. I saw Steve about six months after the accident. I asked him what had gone through his mind as the accident took place. “The first thing that went through my mind was the well-being of my daughter,” Steve replied. “Then, as I lay on the ground, I remembered that I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choose to die. I chose to live.”
“Weren’t you scared? Did you lose consciousness (意识)?” I asked.
Steve continued, “The paramedics (护理人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really scared. In their eyes, I read ‘he is a dead man’. I knew I needed to take action.”
“What did you do?” I asked.
“A nurse asked if I was allergic (过敏的) to anything,” Steve answered, “ ‘Yes,’ I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working. I yelled,’ Gravity (重力).’Over their laughter, I said, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.’”
Steve lived, thanks to the skills of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude.
I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Attitude, after all, is everything. Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Every single day has enough trouble of its own.
69. What is Steve’s attitude towards life?
A. Worrying about life all day long. B. Choosing to see the positive aspects of life.
C. Being cold to people in life. D. Being angry at everything in life.
70. What did the writer do after he left the Tower Industry?
A. He furthered his studies in college. B. He went on a vacation in foreign countries.
C. He stayed at home to enjoy his life. D. He started his own business.
71. What went through Steve’s mind when the accident happened?
A. How badly he was injured. B. The reason for the accident.
C. The well-being of his daughter. D. Whether he was going to die or not

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(B)
A learning style is a way of learning. The styles which are often talked about are the Auditory（听觉的）, Visual, and Tactile （触觉的） learning styles. Read about each of following learning styles to decide what your learning style is.
Are you an Auditory Learner?
Auditory learners learn best when information appears as sounds. Do you seem to learn best in classes where teachers speak more? Does listening to tapes help you learn better? Do you find yourself reading out loud or talking things out to gain a better understanding? If so, you are probably an auditory learner.
Are you a Visual Learner?
Visual learners learn best when information is presented as something such as a picture or a drawing. Do you do best in classes in which teachers do a lot of writing on the blackboard and make full use of the TV? Do you take written notes from your textbooks and in class? If so, you are probably a visual learner.
Are you a Tactile Learner?
Tactile learners learn best in hands-on learning settings in which they can use something or play with it in order to learn about it. Do you learn better when you touch or handle things? Do you do well in lab classes? If so, you are probably a tactile learner.
Your learning style is your strength. Go with it whenever you can. When you can choose a class, try to choose one that works best with your learning style. When you can choose a teacher, try to choose one whose teaching methods are the best match for your learning style.
65. How many learning styles are mentioned in the passage?
A. 2.         B. 3.            C. 4.            D. 5.
66. The underlined word “visual” in the first paragraph probably means “______”.
A. connected with one’s actions   B. connected with the sense of sight
C. knowing by touching something D. having good eyesight
67. If you do well in lab classes, you are probably ______.
A. a Visual Learner           B. an Auditory Learner
C. a Tactile Learner        D. an Active Learner
68. The last paragraph mainly tells readers ______.
A. how to choose good teachers and good classes
B. that learning styles are people’s strengths
C. how to choose good classes and good schools
D. that learning styles should go with classes and teachers

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第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
(A)
It is easier to start to learn a new language than to become good at it. I’ve started to learn many new languages, such as French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Afrikaans (南非荷兰语), and so on. I can’t speak them yet, but I’ve started picking up a few words and phrases that help me when I’m visiting. Most importantly, I’ve had fun doing this.
I’ve started to learn Italian, but I haven’t learned any Italian grammar, and when I visit Italy I’m not able to speak Italian correctly. My aim is just to communicate at a very basic level when I visit a country, to make an effort, and to show appreciation of the language and culture. I’m not trying to talk about politics or explain my views on life. I pick key or useful words and phrases that I want to learn. For example, as a visitor to another country, the key words in a foreign language are the words which will be of the most use to you and which you will use most often. These key words and phrases will vary from visitor to visitor, depending on the purpose of their trip.
It is worth remembering that it is easier to start a task than to finish it, and the same goes for learning a new language. The better you are at it, the slower your rate of progress will be, as you have to learn grammar, words and so on. If you are only trying to learn a few foreign words and phrases, you will make faster progress, have more fun, and won’t have to spend too much time on any given language.
61. From the second paragraph, we can infer that ______.
A. the writer is good at Italian, although it is rather difficult
B. the writer doesn’t like learning Italian because it is no fun
C. discussing politics or explaining one’s view requires an advanced language level
D. it is great fun to communicate with the local people in another country
62. Which of the following does the writer prefer to learn?
A. Sentence structure. B. Important words and phrases.
C. Complicated sentences. D. Grammar.
63. You can make faster progress ______.
A. if your language level is advanced B. if you only try to learn some basic words
C. once you speak the language well
D. once you have mastered several other languages
64. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?
A. Starting Learning a New Language Is Easier than Becoming Good at It
B. How to Visit a Foreign Country
C. The Importance of Learning a Foreign Language
D. Why You Should Learn Several Foreign Languages

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A vegetarian（素食者）diet may help to protect people against cancer, a UK study suggests. Analysis of data from 52,700 man and women shows that those who did not eat meat had significantly fewer cancers than those who did.
Published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the findings were worth looking into .Although it is widely recommended that people eat some fruits and vegetables every day to reduce their risk of cancer and other diseases, there is very little evidence showing that a vegetarian diet can surely reduce cancers .
But surprisingly, the researchers also found a higher rate of colorectal（直肠的）cancer – a disease connected with eating red meat – among the vegetarians.
Study leader Professor Tim Key, a researcher at the University of Oxford, said no previous study had looked at the diet in this way and that there had been a lot of confusion about the issue.
“It’s interesting – it suggests there might be some reduction in cancers in vegetarians, but we need to look carefully at that”, said the professor.
More work is needed to show the connections between diet and cancer but such studies are very hard to do. Dr Joanne Lunn, a senior nutrition scientist at the British Nutrition Foundation, said the findings highlighted the fact that cancer is a complex disease and many different lifestyle factors play a part in determining a person’s risk.
73. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Reasons for getting cancers.
B. Vegetarians get fewer cancers.
C. Tips on avoiding cancers.
D. A surprising discovery on colorectal cancer.
74. Why are the findings worth looking into?
A. They can encourage healthy eating.
B. They show that cancer is a complex disease.
C. they show a brand new discovery.
D. They have been published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
75. We can learn from the passage that _________.
A. people eating red meat are unlikely to get colorectal cancer
B. the diet is one of the many factors that determine a person’s health
C. the connections between a vegetarian diet and cancer are clear through the research
D. scientists will soon figure out the relationship between the diet and cancer

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When scientists set out to explore the roots of human laughter, some apes（类人猿） were just tickled（胳肢）to help. That’s how researchers made a variety of apes and some human babies laugh. After analyzing the sounds, they concluded that people and great apes inherited laughter from a shared ancestor that lived more than 10 million years ago. Experts praised the work, it gives strong evidence that ape laughter and human laughter are related through evolution（进化）.
Scientists have noted that apes make characteristic sounds during play or while being tickled, especially to signal that they’re interested in playing. It’s been suggested before that human laughter grew out of primate（灵长类动物） roots. But ape laughter doesn’t sound like human laughter. It may be slower noisy breathing. So what does that have to do with the human ha-ha? To investigate that, Marina Davila Ross and her colleagues carried out a detailed analysis of the sounds made by tickling three human babies and 21 other primates, apes included.
After measuring 11 features in the sound from each species, they tried to find out how these sounds appeared to be related to each other. The result looked like a family tree. Significantly, that tree matched the way the species themselves are related, the scientists reported online in the journal Current Biology. They also concluded that while human laughter sounds much different from ape laughter, their typical features could have come from the same ancestor.
Panksepp, who studies laughter-like responses in animals but didn’t participate in the new work, called the paper exciting. Panksepp’s own work concludes that even rats produce laughter in response to playing and tickling, with sounds that can hardly be heard by people. Robert Provine, a scientist, who wrote the book, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, said the new paper showed some important clues, like ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before.
69. Why did the scientists analyze the laughter made by tickling human babies and apes?
A. To try to discover if they can make characteristic sounds.
B. To see if they interested in playing.
C. To find out if the laughter of apes and humans is related.
D. To find out the differences between humans and apes.
70. Based on Paragraph 3 we can know that researchers measured the features in the sound to ________.
A. find out ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before
B. find out relations among primates’ laughter
C. see what a family tree from each species looks like
D. make a report online in the journal Current Biology
71. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Panksepp spoke highly of the new research.
B. Rat laughter is likely to be related to ape laughter.
C. Robert Provine provided some new clues for the researchers.
D. Humans don’t enjoy listening to ape laughter.
72. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Ape study explores evolution of laughter.
B. Apes like to laugh when being tickled.
C. Human laughter and ape laughter are different.
D. Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.

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