Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values. Many decision makers have a(n) 50 to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several 51 can arise.
﹡ A 52 in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.
﹡ 53 overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually 54 because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed 55 . A major problem caused by information overload is 56 . When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.
﹡Selective use of the information will occur. 57 , the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived(预先构想的) solution or position.
﹡Mental fatigue occurs, which 58 slower work or poor quality work.
﹡ 59 fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast, careless decisions or no decisions are made at all.
The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is 60 selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to 61 subsequent information or forget earlier information.
A common 62 about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and 63 , without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions.
We might say, then every decision 64 from previous decisions: enables many future decisions, and assists other future decisions.
A．ability B．tendency C．quality D．strength
A．advantages B．agreements C．decisions D．problems
A．delay B．possibility C．solution D．settlement
A．Labor B．Knowledge C．Information D．Intelligence
A．eliminates B．declines C．qualifies D．promotes
A．relatively B．objectively C．appropriately D．personally
A．forgetfulness B．inconvenience C．uselessness D．disability
A．After all B．In addition C．In short D．That is to say
A．suffers from B．deals with C．results in D．applies to
A．Beauty B．Memory C．Sight D．Decision
A．accidentally B．consciously C．occasionally D．independently
A．ignore B．select C．store D．process
A．interest B．sense C．conclusion D．misunderstanding
A．draw a conclusion B．made a choice C．put it aside D．try it out
A．prevents B．decides C．infers D．follows
Have you ever imagined that you could be cloned(克隆) like Dolly, the sheep, in the not too distant future?
The news that a human embryo(胚胎) has been 16 cloned for the first time has caused mixed reactions(反应).
The 17 was carried out by scientists from the Advanced Cell Technology Inc(ACT), in Massachusetts, US. The group 18 the news on November 25.
This is 19 human being. A clone is alive, it walks, it breathes, said Jamie Grifo, a(n) 20 on the study of cloning at New York University School of Medicine.
“This is a set of cells in a lab that will be used to 21 someone’s life.”
Such research could lead to treatment for 22 such as heart disease, AIDS and even cancer, 23 scientists.
Despite high hopes from other scientists, the news raised concerns immediately from religious and political leaders. Several 24 in the US do not allow human cloning. President George W. Bush also made it clear that he is 25 any type of human cloning. However, the scientists at ACT said they have no interest at present in 26 an early embryo into 27 .
Animal have been cloned repeatedly since Dolly, the sheep 28 in 1997. And there were no real technical 29 to stand in the way of scientists making a cloned human embryo.
This time the research group used traditional cloning technology with a human 30 . 31 it was given DNA from an adult cell, the egg began to 32 . 33 it was stopped from becoming a baby-at a stage in which it was 34 a ball of cells. The 35 technology has been used to clone sheep , cattle and monkeys.
A．in failure B．never C．successfully D．not
A．research B．report C．works D．task
A．made known B．made C．said D．had
A．a cloned B．a man-made C．a D．not a cloned
A．worker B．head C．expert D．assistant
A．save B．rescue C．cure D．treat
A．patients B．health C．diseases D．things
A．according to B．including C．besides D．argued
A．countries B．nations C．peoples D．states
A．for B．against C．researching for D．praising
A．developing B．building C．inventing D．discovering
A．a baby B．a man C．a woman D．a white man
A．died B．appeared C．turned up D．was no more
A．questions B．affairs C．business D．problems
A．egg B．bless C．meat D．cell
A．Before B．After C．While D．And
A．grow B．die C．change D．grow up
A．And B．But C．However D．Yet
A．yet B．still C．not D．/
A．different B．usual C．ordinary D．same
It was always thought that Treasure Island(金银岛) was the product（产物） of Robert Stevenson’s imagination（想像）. 36 ，recent research has found the true story of this exciting work .
Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived 37 for many years .In 1881 he returned to Scotland to spend 38 .With him were his American wife Fanny and his son 39 .
Each morning they would go out for a 40 over the hills .They had been 41 this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain, Lloyd, Stevenson’s son, felt the days 42 .To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some 43 .
One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert 44 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of 45 . “What’s that?” he asked “That’s the 46 treasure”, said the boy. Robert suddenly 47 something of an adventure(冒险) story in the boy’s 48 .While the rain was pouring ,Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the 49 a twelve-year-old boy just like Lloyd .But who would be molded(塑造) into the hero — a pirate(海盗)?
Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked with the 50 of a wooden leg , Robert had always wanted to 51 such a man in a story. 52 Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 53 .
So thanks to a 54 September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy, we have one of the greatest 55 stories in the English language.
A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Finally
A．alone B．next door C．at home D．abroad
A．meeting B．story C．holiday D．job
A．Lloyd B．Robert C．Henley D．John
A．talk B．rest C．walk D．game
A．attempting B．missing C．planning D．enjoying
A．warm B．dull C．busy D．cold
A．cleaning B．writing C．drawing D．exercising
A．doubted B．noticed C．decided D．recognized
A．the sea B．the house C．Scotland D．the island
A．lost B．buried C．discovered D．invented
A．saw B．drew C．made D．looked
A．book B．reply C．map D．letter
A．singer B．hero C．writer D．child
A．help B．problem C．use D．up
A．praise B．produce C．mold D．accept
A．Yet B．Also C．But D．So
A．read B．born C．hired D．written
A．rainy B．sunny C．cool D．windy
A．news B．love C．travel D．adventure
A boy, about 10 years old, got to my clinic with his sick cat for cure. Thc cat was a tiny beautiful thing, about the boy's own 36 . I could see she was 37 very strong and lovely with the fur of a 38 and Tigress was her name. She 39 me with a friendly nub against my hand.
I 40 her and found a tumor(肿瘤). She had no 41 of recovery. I looked at the fresh-faced boy and back at Tigress. I began to 42 pity on the boy. At such a young age, he had to face to part with his beloved one.
I told him as 43 as I could what I had found, and what it meant. The boy's face twisted (扭曲) and turned away. I sat down and 44 Tigress to give the boy some time to recover. I felt Tigress's old beautiful fur 45 we discussed the possible choice with him: I could give her an operation, which would be very 46 and would not make her live longer than a month, or an injection and put her to sleep.
After some time, the boy accepted the reality. "I've seen her 47 recently, so I'd like her to die peacefully." I could see how 48 it was costing him in making such a 49 .
I asked if he wanted to take her home overnight to say goodbye. He said he just wanted to be 50 with her for a few minutes. I went to get the 51 which I would use to put her to sleep. I could not control the 52 streaming down my face.
She fell asleep, her head 53 in his hand, lovely and quiet, but her owner now had all the 54 . "This is the finest 55 you could give. You bear the pain so that the loved one might rest." The boy nodded and he understood.
A．age B．child C．baby D．size
A．always B．now C．once D．often
A．tiger B．animal C．cat D．dog
A．nodded B．greeted C．looked at D．saw
A．saw B．felt C．rubbed D．examined
A．give B．want C．feel D．take
A．possible B．gently C．long D．soon
A．turned away B．turned to C．turned down D．turned in
A．after B．before C．while D．because
A．expensive B．simple C．cheap D．quick
A．starve B．change C．play D．suffer
A．long B．often C．much D．soon
A．way B．effort C．leap D．decision
A．lonely B．alone C．sad D．glad
A．gift B．knife C．medicine D．operation
A．tears B．heart C．feeling D．emotion
A．shaking B．nodding C．turning D．lying
A．relief B．suffering C．sleep D．fun
A．gift B．injection C．examination D．treatment
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．
Imagine that Mom and Dad have friends over, and you have to talk to adults all evening．Say the wrong thing and the parents may get mad．But, say _50_, and they'll think you weren't friendly．So, _51_can you talk with adults?
It's _52_．Just ask them questions about themselves．"Many of them like to talk about what they do for a living," suggests psychologist Tim Ursiny, author of The Confidence Plan．
Kids can also talk to grown-ups about _53_．Ask what the last good movie they saw was, because people at dinner parties "_54_" when the conversation turns to movies, Ursiny says．If a grown-up is _55_ Harry Potter, it's ok to talk about your love for Harry．It's a safe topic, one that both grown-ups and kids can enjoy, so go ahead and talk about whether Dumbledore is really dead．
But _56_the topic of video games．"Adults don't want to hear about your video game _57_they play it," Ursiny explains．
Adults also don't want to hear slang．Don't use language they don't _58_．Ursiny says kids should learn to speak to other people in their own language．
_59_,most adults aren't into slang, they do remember what it was like to be a kid．Ursiny recommends asking adults what school was like when they were your age．"It might be a fun discussion if you _60_your
10th-grade experience with theirs．"_61_you chat with your parents beforehand to find out which topics are
off-limits（禁区）．
Also, don't chat about things that make your parents feel guilty．Don't mention _62_ stuff such as how Dad has been sleeping on the couch, Ursiny says．And don't complain that Mom has been late preparing breakfast．
Instead, Ursiny says, kids should try to put themselves in their parents' _63_．Learning how to _64_that type of understanding might help you out in the future．"The most successful people, can develop a sympathetic feeling for others," he says．
A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
A．how B．whatever C．why D．when
A．important B．interesting C．hard D．easy
A．movies B．meals C．parties D．hobbies
A．look up B．light up C．make up D．keep up
A．in B．on C．into D．onto
A．neglect B．avoid C．prevent D．ignore
A．when B．unless C．but D．because
A．believe B．accept C．understand D．agree
A．While B．As C．If D．Since
A．show B．compare C．balance D．match
A．Make sure B．Pay attention C．Watch out D．Take care
A．incredible B．special C．embarrassing D．personal
A．shoes B．clothes C．condition D．location
A．produce B．shape C．raise D．develop
Mearl Jacobs’ body was at the funeral home. The memorial service was 31 for the next day. We 32 in the family room to tell stories, sharing 33 of her. She had lived a life 34 with stories. Most people didn’t know that she had worked for thirty years at Rockwall International to help the homeless, or that 35 she really didn’t care much for baseball, she loved listening to the 36 because her son loved baseball.
Before long the 37 turned from stories about Mearl to stories of how she changed and 38 the lives in the room.
Her daughter Carol, said, “Just a few hours before Mom died she said she wanted to go home. I asked her if she 39 back to her apartment. She said, ‘NO!’ I asked, ‘Home in Heaven?’‘YES!’”
A series of love and 40 was realized that night. Mearl had lived a life that affected the young and old 41 . When she did so, you became a different person, a 42 and reformed person. She was 43 that way. She knew how to show the things that really 44 in the life. She 45 for values that she held dear and she always seemed to know how to influence people and to accept them “as is”. He grandkids talked of her 46 acceptance of them, no matter what.
Some things have to be seen to be understood, such as love, forgiveness and acceptance. Mearl knew how to help you 47 . She had always shown total 48 to the family and friends – to people.
The next day Mearl was 49 the topic. We buried the body, but she lives in all those, present and 50 . She is always there, giving and lovin
g.
A．canceled B．ordered C．set D．left
A．gathered B．waited C．cried D．consulted
A．dinner B．memories C．possessions D．success
A．mixed B．combined C．compared D．filled
A．unless B．until C．if D．although
A．games B．songs C．operas D．stories
A．argument B．comment C．background D．conversation
A．rescued B．shaped C．lost D．prevented
A．meant B．moved C．dated D．went
A．curiosity B．envy C．kindness D．sympathy
A．equally B．hopefully C．eventually D．properly
A．happier B．better C．milder D．ruder
A．interested B．shocked C．puzzled D．gifted
A．lacked B．troubled C．mattered D．admitted
A．made up B．stood up C．watched out D．reached out
A．unnecessary B．unusual C．unconditional D．unfamiliar
A．see B．improve C．explain D．remove
A．appreciation B．devotion C．determination D．operation
A．almost B．still C．ever D．even
A．beyond B．behind C．within D．outside
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