Schedules(timetables),asthe21s

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更新 2022-09-03
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Schedules (timetables), as the 21st century people know, simply did not exist in the 17th and 18th centuries. We are upset if a plane arrives an hour late. Our ancestors weren’t upset if an April ship didn’t show up until June. They began to worry in July and were often happy when it showed up in August. When a long-distance ship finally did get to the port, the whole city became busy and excited. Businessmen hurried down to check the goods they had ordered. The ship would probably stay in port for at least three days, often a week, to take on businessmen, give the sailors a rest, find out about the latest news, weather conditions, and so on.
Travel time could only be approximate (近似的). One never knew when the winds would be good. So even though “average(平均的) sailing time” was given, time could change considerably, shortening the voyage (travel by sea) by up to 25% or putting it off by up to 500% or more! The average run from England to Boston was about a month and a half, but there were also voyages of three months. One voyage in 1640 lasted six months!
Travel time is not the same in both directions, due to the winds and currents. This is especially true in the Caribbean, where winds are from the southeast the entire year. Ships sailing west across the Atlantic spend longer than ships sailing east, and the contrary (opposite) winds can prevent a ship from actually making it to the harbor even if it gets close. One ship was held off the North Carolina coast for 17 days before being able to land!
What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．No sailor was allowed to have fun when the ship reached land.

B．People in ancient times didn’t care about other people’s safety.

C．The ship would leave for a voyage when all of the preparations were made.

D．A long-distance ship would create a lot of excitement in the place where it landed.

According to the passage, travel time can’t be fixed due to _____.

A．the people at the port	B．average sailing time
C．the changeable climate	D．the businessmen and the sailors

The underlined word “currents” in the third paragraph means ______.

A．the movement of water	B．the movement of winds
C．direction of the traveling ship	D．travel time of ships

What is the difference between a modern voyage timetable and the one from the 17th or 18th century?

A．There were no exact timetables for traveling both in ancient and modern times.

B．Travel time was the same in both directions in ancient times while the modern one was not.

C．The modern voyage timetable is more exact than the ancient one.

D．The modern voyage timetable is only approximate while the ancient one was not.

Why did the ships sailing west spend longer than ships sailing east in Caribbean?

A．Because of the southeast winds the entire year.

B．Because sailors didn’t know when the winds blew.

C．Because travel time was not affected by wind.

D．Because sometimes the ship was held off by the wind.

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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
I was helping in my son’s classroom when I spotted a poster that reads, “Sticks and stones may break my bones but words can break my heart”. I started thinking.
Teachers are such an important part of a child’s life. A teacher’s support determines how safe a child feels in school. His inspiration determines how much risk a child will take in the classroom, his understanding determines how important a child feels in school and his love determines a child’s motivating and attitude toward education. And the effect a teacher has on a child doesn’t end when the school bell rings at the end of the day. Rather, those feelings developed in the classroom go home with the child and, in a large part, determine what sort of evening the child and the family have. The importance of a teacher to a child is fantastic and cannot be over-emphasized.
All my children are fortunate to have remarkable teachers. Consequently, the three of them love going to school almost as much as they love using teacherisms, for example, one of Hannah’s favorite phrases in used when I mess up. She looks at me with understanding and says, “It’s okay to make mistakes, mama, because you’re only learning.” Rachael’s favorite phrase is used to start most of her jobs; with a glow in her eye, she says, “I’m just going to do my best, mama, because that’s all I can do!” But perhaps my favorite is Jacob’s response to his sisters when one of them says something he doesn’t like. With his hand on his heart he says, “Don’t say that because words can break my heart.”
Like most parents, I hear teacherisms daily. And every time I hear one, my heart floods with gratefulness for the wonderful teachers who make my children feel safe, important, and successful in the classroom, and who are helping my children achieve emotional good health. There is much talk today how to measure a teacher’s worth. I think we need only look at the students. Children mirror teachers’ words and actions, and the content of those reflections shows teacher’s greatness.
1．Teachers are important to students in that ___________.
A．they equip them with book knowledge
B．they help free the parents from worries
C.they guarantee each family a happy evening
D．they help keep them emotionally healthy
2．The three children’s examples are used to show that_______.
A．they are lucky to have wonderful teachers
B．they can eventually develop into good teachers
C.they are sometimes mentally hurt by the teachers
D．they have a successful performance in school
3．To his mother, what the boy says possibly sounds_____.
A．ridiculous B．convincing C.humorous D．inspiring
4．The underlined word “teacherisms” probably refers to “_________”.
A．how teachers normally deal with their students
B．what teachers usually say to their students
C.why teachers seem important to their students
D．where teachers agree with their students

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Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
1. The author thinks the golf is resource-hungry because of the following EXCEPT that _____.
A. Golf wastes large areas of countryside
B. Golf runs out of much water
C.Keeping golf court in good condition needs too much energy
D. Golf is bad for people’s health
2. According to the passage, which of the following is an environment-friendly sport?
A. swimming in the pool                      B. hiking in the hills
C.playing basketball in the gym                D. motor racing in the desert
3. The reason why the author uses power walking as an example mainly is that ______.
A. it improves our health              B. it is an outdoor sport
C.it uses fewer resources             D. it is recommended by experts
4. The passage is developed mainly by _____.
A. examples and explanation           B. comparison and persuasion
C.facts and descriptions              D. figures and conclusion

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Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming sea life.
Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades.
“We’ve been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we’ve been able to record this increasing quantity of atmospheric CO2 into the ocean.”
Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular.
“As carbon dioxide dissolves (溶解) in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid (酸), carbonic acid, ” Dore explains. “And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more acidic.”
The seawater Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirms what the theory predicts.
The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.
“It’s important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic。And it can have negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It’s potentially catastrophic.”
1. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Sea Life Facing Danger            B. Scientist Researching Seawater
C.Oceans Becoming More Acidic       D. Climate Change Affecting Seawater
2. Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric CO2 on sea life?
a. Sea life is endangered.
b. CO2 goes into the surface water.
C.The ocean chemistry is affected.
d. CO2 decreases the pH and makes the seawater more acidic.
e. CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up.
A. a→b→c→d→e              B. e→b→c→d→a
C.a→e→c→d→b              D. e→d→c→b→a
3. Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on ________.
A. his research and analysis       B. the expectation of other scientists
C.some former theory           D. a major cause of climate change
4. What does the passage want to tell us most?
A. It takes time to make a scientific study.
B. Atmospheric CO2 is doing harm to sea life.
C.Robert Dore is a committed and serious scientist.
D. Measures should be taken to prevent the potential catastrophe.

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If you are looking for a summer camp job opportunity, the following are some summer camp jobs available for 2010 summer.
1. Fishing / Fly-fishing
Male 21+. Teach fishing and fly-fishing (用假蝇钓鱼) techniques. Live with 6-8 campers, teach basic outdoor skills, lead backpacking trips and assist with canoe trips.
Salary: $2,400.00-$3,000.00
Roaring Brook Camp for Boys
480 Roaring Brook Road
Bradford, Vermont 05033, USA
Contact: Dr. Candice Raines at (800) 802-747-0282
2. Athletic Trainer
International Sports Training Camp is a specialized sports camp located on a private 100-acre lake in the scenic Pocono Mountains of Northeastern Pennsylvania. We are famous for our outstanding facilities, innovative (创新的) programs and friendly staff. We are looking for both students and certified athletic trainers.
Salary: $2,500.00
International Sports Training Camp.
1100 Twin Lake Road
Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania 18360, USA
Contact: Kara Klaus at (570) 6202267
3. Head Cook
Manage kitchen staff of 4, order food and prepare meals and snacks for 50-60 campers and staff daily during sessions and training periods.
Salary: $3, 000.00-$4,000.00
Burgundy Center for Wildlife Studies
HC 83, Box 38DD
Capon Bridge, West Virginia 26711, USA
Contact: Vini Schoene at (540) 465-1516
4. Drama Department Head
Camp Airy (for boys) is seeking an experienced individual with a theater background and experience in directing children’s productions. Supervise counselor staff and direct two major productions in our 600-seat Outdoor Theatre. Our summer season runs from June 17 to August 18. Be sure to visit our outstanding website at www.airylouise.org.
Salary: Depends on Experience.
Camp Airy & Camp Louise
14938 Old Camp Airy Road
Thurmont, Maryland 21788, USA
Contact: Steve Goldklang at (410) 466-9010
1. Who would be most interested in the passage?
A. College teachers.      B. Online bloggers.     C.Holiday-goers.      D. Job seekers.
2. Mr. Smith is good at fishing and he plans to spend the summer doing what he loves and earn some money. Which number should he dial?
A. (570) 6202267.        B. (540) 465-1516.
C. (800) 802-717-0282.       D. (410) 466-9010.
3. Which of the following statements about Athletic Trainer is TRUE?
A. College graduates are preferred.       B. Only professional athletes can apply.
C.This position offers a monthly salary of $3,500.
D. Applicants can get in touch with Kara Klaus.
4. Which of the following organizations offers a salary depending on experience?
A. Camp Airy & Camp Louise.       B. International Sports Training Camp.
C.Roaring Brook Camp for Boys.       D. Burgundy Center for Wildlife Studies.

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More teachers are starting off the school year with letters to parents and students to introduce themselves and set a tone (基调) for the year. The letters are a good way to start positive communication with parents, several teachers told Education World.
“I think it’s professional, ”said Dorothy Peselli, an English teacher at Sparta High School in Sparta, New Jersay, Peselli, who gives out the letters the first day of school, told Education World. “It gives parents an image of you as a professional. If you start communication off in a positive manner, you will have the parents on your side when you need them.”
In her letter to parents, Peselli encourages them to call or e-mail her with specific concerns about their children. “I want to work as a team to make sure that your child becomes an independent lifelong learner,” Peselli wrote to parents last September. She also telephones the parents of all her students at the beginning of the year.
Peselli includes with the letter a classroom handbook (手册) listing plans and rules. And she requires that both parents and students read and sign statements (included in the letter) when they read the handbook. The student letter also lists needed supplies and gives encouragement. “Please come to class ready to work and learn. This will be an exciting year for all of us,” it says.
Last year, Peselli taught at a different high school and parents there were “shocked”, but appreciative, that she had so much contact with them. “I received roses and a thank-you note from one boy and his mother,” Peselli said. She wished her own children’s teachers would take the time to write notes as well. “I never got a letter home from any of my daughter’s high school teachers.” she said, “It would be nice to know the background of some of the people who are teaching my daughter.”
1. We may learn from the text that ______.
A. most teachers are writing letters to parents and students
B. the handbook is used to list supplies and give encouragement
C.Peselli believe it important for teachers to exchange information with parents
D. Peselli mainly introduces her background and teaching experiences in the letters
2. The underlined word “it” in the fourth paragraph refers to _____.
A. the handbook       B. the requirement
C.the school       D. the letter
3. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A. parents were satisfied with Peselli’s way of working
B. Peselli means to surprise parents by writing students
C.Peselli seemed to be popular among boy students
D. all Peselli’s children are studying in high schools
4. The purpose of the text is to ______.
A. introduce an English teaching method
B. give advice on how to teach students
C.encourage teachers to keep in touch with parents
D. show us how Dorothy Peselli makes teaching plans

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