Ⅲ 阅读 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
School phobia is a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school. This condition is most commonly seen in children, typically between the ages of 8-13, and it can be very upsetting, especially if it is allowed to progress. Symptoms include stomach aches, tiredness, shaking, a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet.
This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes. Most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety, but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress. A child who has recently moved, suffered a loss, or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia, and phobias can also develop in response to bullying (欺侮), an unrecognised learning disability, and poor self-image. Understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment.
A child with school phobia usually refuses to go to school, or protests violently. He or she may become physically ill when ordered to school, or pretend to be sick to avoid going. When the child arrives at school, he or she may run away, or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground. When school is discussed, the child can become impatient, upset or angry.
Many techniques can be used to manage school phobia, but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life. Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who can help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school officials support the child. As soon as a school phobia is identified, parents should take action too. Like other phobias, school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated, and it can interfere with a child's success in school. Adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help. If bullying is a cause, for example, the bullying situation should be solved. A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class, and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available.
Changes at home can include supportive language from parents, along with support like assistance with homework. If a child lacks confidence, parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves. Parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them, and their own enjoyment of school and school-like activities.
By following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia.
41. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage?
A. The definition of school phobia.
B. The history of school phobia.
C. The causes of school phobia.
D. The effects of school phobia.
42. What is a useful treatment for school phobia according to the passage?
A. Parents should allow their children occasional days off.
B. Teachers should be stricter with students.
C. Children should be helped to develop a sense of achievement.
D. Children should be regularly sent to psychologist.
43. The underlined word “dispel” (the last paragraph) probably means “________”.
A. accept B. realize C. forget D. overcome
44. Which of the following statement might the author agree with?
A. School phobia is most often suffered by middle school students.
B. School phobia may have bad influence on children’s future life if neglected.
C. Children with school phobia should not be given medical treatment.
D. Most children with school phobia are pretending to be ill.
45. What are some of the reasons for school phobia mentioned in the passage?
A. Bullying, recent devoice and moving to a new area.
B. Learning disability, impatience and poor concentration.
C. Stomachache, poor school performance and aggressive teachers.
D. Shaking, lack of confidence and few friends.
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps. One should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting us in age.
Men often discover their similarity to each other by the common love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love my, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond(纽带) of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.
A good book is often the best container of a life preserving the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which become our steady companions and comforters.
Books are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay(腐朽), but good books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago.
The great and good do not die, even in this world. Preserved in books, their spirits walked abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect(智者) to which one still listens.The writer introduces the topic of the passage by .
| A．describing life experience of great writers |
| B．telling his own story of reading good books |
| C．presenting the best thoughts in good books |
| D．comparing good books to good friends in life |
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
| A．Readers feel sympathy for the author. |
| B．Readers live together with the author. |
| C．Readers and the author share the same feeling. |
| D．Readers are the author’s companions and comforters. |
which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．We can learn about the great and good through books. |
| B．The most important part of a man’s life is his treasures. |
| C．Good books help us to know about their authors’ friends. |
| D．Books are often regarded as best containers in our life. |
the passage mainly tells us that .
A. one should have some good friends
B one should read as many books as possible
C. one should keep company with good books
D books are the most lasting products of human efforts
Recently we told you about a finding that more years of school could help students get higherscores on intelligence tests．That was the finding of a study of teenage males in Norway．Now，other research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes .
The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education．They are using the time instead for academic subjects like maths and reading．The studies appeared between 2007 and 2013．They included more than 55，000 children，aged 6 to 18．
Amika Singh：“Based on the results of our study，we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are，first，Physiological explanations，like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain．Being physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙)produced like endorphins(内啡肽)．And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”
Also，students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them．This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work．
The study leaves some questions unanswered，however．Ms．Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement．This is because of differences among the studies .
Also．they were mostly observational studies．An observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisons．They only describe what they observe．So they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better grades．But that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher grades．
The researchers said they found only two high - quality studies．They called for more high-
quality studies to confirm their findings．They also pointed out that “outcomes for other parts of the world may be quite different. ”
Still，the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school．Ms．Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs．Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School”is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine．The passage mainly tells us that ＿＿＿＿
| A．a research on physical education has been done by the researchers |
| B．there exists a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades |
| C．the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level |
| D．the research shows that the children aged 6 to 1 8 don't do sports |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Being mentally active is good for academic subjects． |
| B．The more hormones you have，the more stressed you will get． |
| C．They have found many high-quality studies to prove the research． |
| D．The educators in the research think studies，not exercise，mean much to students． |
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 probably means ＿＿＿＿.
| A．good marks result from high-quality study |
| B．findings probably vary in different areas |
| C．physical activity will spread all over the world |
| D．academic performance depends on the surroundings |
What's the purpose of writing the passage?
| A．To call our attention to the sports at school． |
| B．To introduce all types of physical activities． |
| C．To represent the academic performance． |
| D．To improve students' health ． |
Dr．Ferguson energetically pushed the preparations for his departure，and in person directed the construction of his balloon．For a long time past he had been applying himself to the study of the Arab language and the various Mandingoe idioms，and，thanks to his talents in language，he had made rapid progress．
In the meanwhile，his friend，the sportsman，never let him out of
his sight-afraid，no doubt，that the doctor might take his departure，without saying a word to anybody．On this subject，he tried to discourage him with the most persuasive arguments，which，however，did NOT persuade Samuel Ferguson，and wasted his breath，by which the latter seemed to be but slightly moved．In fine，Dick felt that the doctor was slipping through his fingers．
The poor Scot was really to be pitied．He could not look upon the
blue sky without a wild terror: when asleep，he felt dizziness(眩晕)that made his head turn around；and every night he had visions of crashing down from immeasurable heights．
We must add that，during these nightmares，he once or twice fell out of bed. His first care then was to show Ferguson a severe bump(肿块)that he had received on the fall．“And yet，”he
would add，with warmth，“that was at the height of only three feet一not an inch more一and such a bump as this! Only think，then!”
This appeal，full of sad meaning as it was，did not seem to touch the doctor's heart．Not even the shadow of a doubt was ever suggested；and Samuel made an intolerable misuse of the first person plural：“‘Our’balloon，‘our’ car ；‘our’expedition.”
Dick trembled at them，although he was determined not to go ; he did not want to annoy his friend．Let us also disclose the fact that，without knowing exactly why himself，he had sent to Edinburgh for a certain selection of heavy clothing，and his best hunting-tools and fire-arms．Why did Dr．Ferguson start to learn new languages?
| A．To keep himself occupied． |
| B．To get ready for the departure． |
| C．To show his talent in language． |
| D．To Know more about balloon construction． |
We Call infer from the passage that Dick ＿＿＿＿.
| A．suffered from a disease during the nights |
| B．got hurt in a fall from the balloon in the evening |
| C．decided to take the adventure with the doctor at last |
| D．equipped himself with arms to frighten his friend |
Which word best describes Dr．Ferguson’s attitude towards his balloon flight?
| A．Excited． | B．Optimistic． | C．Worried. | D．Determined |
What’s the writing pattern of the passage?
| A．News． | B．Fiction． | C．Journal． | D．Biography． |
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This year the selfie earned its place as the Oxford English Dictionary’s 2013 Word Of The Year．It has taken over our culture-and our smartphones．The rise of the selfie has become universal-between presidents，celebrities(名人)and citizens alike-and the trend is only continuing to grow.
A recent survey conducted by the Pew Internet＆American Life Project found that 54 percent of Internet have posted original photos online．And of those hundreds of millions of photos， many are of selfie photos．
For example，currently there are nearly 62 million posted selfie
photos on Instagram，the social media tool that has significantly contributed to the personal photo’s popularity．That figure，which continues to rise every day, does not even begin to include the selfies shared on Facebook and Twitter.
What makes the selfie so attractive-and why do we feel it a must to take one? According to Dr．Pamela Rutledge，psychologist and director of the Media Psychology Research Center，the desire to take，post and get“likes” on selfies goes back to a biological behavior of all humans．
“ I think it influences our sense of social connection in the same way as it does when you go
to a party and people say‘Oh I love your dress，’” Rutledge told The Huffington Post.“Biological，social recognition is a real need and there is even an area of the brain that contributes to social activity．”
There is a way to adapt to the growing selfie culture．Whether you’re a selfie novice or an advanced poster，there are always things to be mindful of when you’re posting，Rutledge advises.
She offered two main principles to follow when it comes to posting on social media:
1．The Grandmother Rule
“Don't post anything online，whether text or visual，that you don't want grandmother or future
employer to see，” Rutledge said．“Selfies especially．”
2．The Elevator Rule
“You wouldn’t say something in an elevator that you or no one else wants to hear—the whole
world of social media is an elevator，” Rutledge said．“Be aware of the breadth of platform．It's easy to think you’re sharing a photo with a few people，but Instagram is public and people can come across things．” What's the main idea of the first paragraph?
| A．The selfie is taking the lead． |
| B．Many people are fond of smartphones． |
| C．The selfie will take over everything． |
| D．The selfie is an important new word． |
According to the passage，people like“selfie”so much，because they___________.
| A．need to be acknowledged in social life |
| B．want to show off their new dresses |
| C．desire to share good things |
| D．mean to amuse the public |
The underlined word“novice”in Paragraph 6 probably means“___________”.
| A．publisher | B．greenhand | C．novelist | D．celebrity |
When it comes to posting on social media，Rutledge advises people to___________.
| A．share photos only on Instagram |
| B．talk about their photos in an elevator |
| C．be cautious in posting things online |
| D．follow rules set by their grandmothers |
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