If you are human, you can’t help but experience times when everything seems to be going wrong and you feel as if your life is completely out of control. It is during those “down times” that words of encouragement from family, friends, co-workers or even strangers can lighten your spirits. It is also during those times that destructive words can sink you deeper and deeper into depression.
For example, consider this story about a group of frogs who were traveling through the woods when two of them fell into a deep pit （坑）. All of the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told the two unfortunate frogs they would never get out.
The two frogs ignored the comments and tried to jump out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs took heed of what the other frogs were saying and simply gave up. He fell down and died. The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the pain. The more they shouted, the harder he jumped and finally he made it to safety.
When he got out, the other frogs asked him why he continued to jump when they were all shouting at him to simply quit. The frog explained to them that he was a little bit deaf. He thought they were encouraging him the entire time.
Every time you have a chance to say either something positive or negative to another human being, do choose the chance to say something positive! Don’t let those opportunities get away from you. Your words have a large amount of power. Use them wisely. You really never know just how much they can mean to someone else.
68. The first paragraph tells us that words play an important part especially when .
A. we stay with our family, friends and co-workers
B. we hear strangers say something to us
C. we get through hard times in life
D. we make some big mistakes
69. The underlined phrase “took heed of ” had the similar meaning with “ ”.
A. acted according to B. had some doubt
C. held on to D. got used to
70. The more they shouted, the harder he jumped and finally he made it to safety. That’s because .
A. he struggled to prove that they were wrong
B. he thought they were encouraging him
C. he was angry with what they said
D. he didn’t want to let them down
71. After reading the passage, readers should learn a lesson that .
A. we can use encouraging words to help others out
B. having a positive attitude is important in life
C. never give up until we win D. we must believe in ourselves rather than others
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects(前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary(包括各种学科的) team, manage budgets and negotiate(谈判) contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”By “a one-way street” in the first paragraph, the author means ________.
| A．university researchers know little about the commercial world |
| B．there is little exchange between industry and academia |
| C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university |
| D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research |
The word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that _____.
| A．keeps someone from taking action |
| B．helps to move the traffic |
| C．attracts people’s attention |
| D．brings someone a financial burden |
What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
| A．Flexible work hours. |
| B．Her research interests. |
| C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. |
| D．Prospects of academic accomplishments. |
Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
| A．do financially more rewarding work |
| B．raise his status in the academic world |
| C．enrich his experience in medical research |
| D．have better intellectual opportunities |
What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
| A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market |
| B．Develop its students’ potential in research. |
| C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry. |
| D．Adapt its research to practical applications. |
Drunken driving—sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder—has become a national epidemic(流行病). Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past ten years.
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or several glasses of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American manly image and judges were serious in most courts, but the drunken slaughter(屠宰) has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing(使翻转) a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in accidents, some states are also punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A bar in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who “obviously drunk” and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy.
As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition(禁止) of alcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.From the first paragraph, we can know that _________.
| A．most Americans like drinking |
| B．heavy drinking is hard to avoid |
| C．many Americans are killed by drunk drivers |
| D．Americans are not shocked by traffic accidents |
In America, public opinion about drunken driving has changed because ________.
| A．judges are no longer serious |
| B．new laws are introduced in some states |
| C．the problem has attracted public attention |
| D．drivers do not appreciate their manly image |
What can be inferred from the fact of the traffic accidents in New Jersey?
| A．The legal drinking age should be raised. |
| B．Young drivers were usually bad. |
| C．Most drivers hoped to raise the legal drinking age. |
| D．Drivers should not be allowed to drink. |
Laws recently introduced in some states have _________.
| A．reduced the number of deaths. |
| B．resulted in fewer serious accidents. |
| C．prevented bars from serving drunken customers. |
| D．specified the amount drivers can drink. |
Which of the following best shows the writer’s opinion of drunken driving?
| A．It may lead to organized crime. |
| B．It is difficult to solve this problem. |
| C．The new laws can stop heavy drinking. |
| D．There should be no bars to serve drink. |
A young man who lived in London was in love with a beautiful girl. Soon she became his fiancée. The man was very poor while the girl was rich. The young man wanted to make her a present on her birthday. He wanted to buy something beautiful for her, but he had no idea how to do it, as he had very little money.
The next morning he went to a shop. There were many fine things there: gold watches, diamond… but all these things were too expensive. There was one thing he could not take his eyes off. It was a beautiful vase. That was a suitable present for his fiancée. He had been looking at the vase for half an hour when the manager of the shop noticed him. The young man looked so pale, sad and unhappy that the manager asked what had happened to him.
The young man told him everything. The manager felt sorry for him and decided to help him. A bright idea struck him. The manager pointed to the corner of the shop. To his great surprise the young man saw a vase broken into many pieces. The manager said: “When the servant enters the room, he will drop it.”
On the birthday of his fiancée the young man was very excited. Everything happened as had been planned. The servant brought in the vase, and as he entered the room, he dropped it. There was horror on everybody's face. When the box was opened, the guests saw that each piece was packed separately(分离地).The story took place ______.
| A．France | B．England | C．Germany | D．the US |
Which of the following is true?
| A．The young man's family was poor while the beautiful girl is rich. |
| B．A rich young man fell in love with a beautiful girl. |
| C．The young man loved the girl but the girl didn't love him. |
| D．The young man had enough money to buy a beautiful vase. |
Why did the young man want to buy a present for the girl?
| A．He wanted to give her a Christmas present. |
| B．He fell in love with her. |
| C．Her birthday was coming soon. |
| D．They were going to get married. |
Why did the shop manager come to talk to the young man?
| A．He looked very excited. |
| B．He looked pale and sad. |
| C．He was poorly dressed. |
| D．He said he wanted to buy a beautiful vase. |
What do you think happened at the end of the story?
| A．The manager had cheated the young man. |
| B．His fiancee must be thankful to him for the present. |
| C．The guests would be angry because the servant had broken the vase. |
| D．What the careful servant had done gave the trick away. |
根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
| A. Live below your means B. Always stay positive C. Educate yourself D. Work towards a dream E. Developing lasting personal relationships F. Stay in shape |
____________
We all want to buy that new piece of technology, treat ourselves to an expensive dinner, or take out a loan for the car we can't afford. It might feel great at the time but hasty（匆忙的）spending hurts a lot later on. Enjoy life's simple pleasures and save as much as you can. Expensive things don't create lasting happiness. Careful spending will bring you greater enjoyment in the long run._____________
To be happy we need continuous growth. The best way to grow is life-long education. This doesn't mean you need to pursue a doctorate or spend 2 hours reading every day. Self-education can be anything that takes you out of your comfort zone. The important part is keeping an open mind and searching for fresh ideas.____________
Suppose you had everything you wanted. Would you be happy without anyone to share it with? The personal relationships we develop with friends and family members are the greatest source of happiness in our lives. Don't forget about them. Taking the time to develop and enjoy personal relationships is important to long-term happiness._____________
Even if your life isn't perfect, you can always build toward a goal. The best way to do this is working towards a goal. We can’t control everything about our lives, but working towards a goal gives us something positive to focus on and lays the foundation for future success. No matter what your passion is, get out there and start doing something._____________
You only get one body. Once it is ruined, there isn't much you can do about it. Exercise to keep the body working well. Avoid eating too much of damaging substances and unhealthy foods. It may feel terrible at the time but enjoying good health in your later years is worth the sacrifice.
Alan Izhar-Bodner, an Israeli inventor, has developed a swimming suit for divers to breathe underwater without carrying heavy oxygen tanks. His suit makes use of the air that is dissolved（溶解）in water, just like fish do.
The system uses the Henry Law which states that the amount of gas that can be dissolved in a liquid is proportional (成比例的)to the pressure on the liquid. Raise the pressure ---more gas can be dissolved in the liquid. Decrease the pressure --- less gas dissolved in the liquid releases the gas. This is exactly what happens when you open a can of soda; carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid and is under pressure in the can. Open the can, releasing the pressure, and the gas fizzes(嘶撕作响)out.
Bodner's System obviously uses a special machine to lower pressure in part of a small amount of seawater taken into the system; dissolved gas is taken out. The patent（专利）reads: A self-contained open-circuit（循环）breathing instrument for use within a body of water naturally containing dissolved air. The instrument is adapted to provide breathable(可吸入的)air. The instrument contains an inlet for taking out a quantity of water from the body of water. It further contains a separator for separating the dissolved air from the quantity of water, thus gaining the breathable air. The instrument further contains an outlet for expelling (驱逐)the separated water back into the body of water, and another outlet for removing the breathable air and supplying it for breathing. The air is supplied so as to enable it to be expelled back into the body of water after it has been breathed .
Human beings have been thinking about how to breathe underwater since they started swimming. This long-held desire plays an important part in one of the first great science fiction novels, Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.It can be inferred from the passage that____________ .
| A．the less pressure it is, the less carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid |
| B．the deeper one dives into the ocean, the less gas is dissolved in the water |
| C．the greater pressure it is, the more carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid |
| D．the deeper one dives into the ocean, the more gas is dissolved in the water |
This passage is mainly about __________.
| A．how Bodner invented the instrument for breathing underwater |
| B．why Bodner invented the instrument for breathing underwater |
| C．how Bodner's instrument for breathing underwater works |
| D．how Bodner's instrument is used by divers for breathing underwater |
From the passage we learn that __________.
| A．a separator is used to expel breathable air back into the body of water |
| B．a separator is used to separate the air from the water so as to make use of the water |
| C．The breathable air removed from an outlet will eventually go back to the body of water. |
| D．The breathable air removed from an outlet will immediately go back to the body of water. |
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