IV. 阅读理解：（共20题，每小题2分，共40分）
A long time ago, before there was any money (coins or paper money), people got the things that they needed by trading or exchanging. Salt was one of the first items used to exchange for other items. Later, some of the common things that were used for exchanging were tea leaves, shells, feathers, animal teeth, tobacco, and blankets. Around 3000 BC, barley, a type of grain, was used for exchanging.
The world’s first metal money was developed by the Sumerians who melted silver into small bars all weighing the same. This was around 1000 BC. About three hundred years later, people started using coins as official money.
Around 640 BC, people in the ancient kingdom of Lydia ( which was in Turkey) created special coins of exact with and purity (纯度). They were made of gold and silver and were stamped with a lion’s head.
Later, other empires such as Greece, Persia, and Rome adopted the concept of coins and started developing their own in many different shapes and different metals.
Around the year 1000, the Chinese started using paper money. The Chinese were the first to use paper money. The Europeans discovered this thanks to Marco Polo who went to China in 1295. the Chinese had different values for the paper notes which were made by the Chinese government.
Around 1661, Sweden became the first European country to make paper money. Until 1850, the Spanish dollar was the coin most widely used throughout the world.
1What is the best title for this passage?
| A. |
The history of money |
| B. |
How people traded in the past |
| C. |
The invention of paper money |
| D. |
The use of coins around the world |
2We learn that before coins and paper money were used, _____.
| A. |
barley had always been used for exchanging |
| B. |
only a few people knew how to trade with others |
| C. |
salt was the most widely used item for exchanging |
| D. |
many kinds of things were used for exchanging |
3According to the passage, when did people start using coins as official money?
| A. |
Around 1300 BC. |
B. |
Around 1000 BC. |
| C. |
Around 700 BC. |
D. |
Around 640 BC. |
4The underlined word “adopted” in Paragraph 4 probably means “____”.
| A. |
replaced |
B. |
changed |
| C. |
accepted |
D. |
invented |
5. Which of the following countries first started to use paper money?
A. Spain B. China C. Sweden D. Lydia
Winterlake Lodge
Winterlake lodge, located at mile 194 along the historic Iditarod Trail, offers good accommodation in Alaska's remote wilderness. Join owner and cook Kirsten Dixon in the kitchen for a wine tasting or cooking class, soak(泡) in the hot tub or relax by the fire
or in the lakeside wood burning sauna(蒸气浴室).
ITINERARY(旅行计划)
Day 1: Anchorage to Winterlake
Depart from Anchorage's Lake Hood via ski plane for your one hour flight to Winterlake Lodge. We will take you to your comfortable cabin.
Days 2+: Winterlake Lodge.
Each day is free to enjoy all the activities included with your stay. Activities include dog mushing, cross country skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, yoga, meditation and massage.
Lodge owner and famous cook Kirsten Dixon also offers daily cooking classes in the large kitchen.
Departure Day: After breakfast, depart on a scenic flight back to Anchorage. Tour ends on arrival.
ACTIVITI
ES
Outdoor activities include sled dog rides, guided cross country skiing and snowshoe excursions(远足), snowmobiling, and exploratory trips through Rainy Pass. If you prefer a more thorough dog sledding experience, try the 4-day sled dog school. Lodge-based activities include cooking classes, wine tasting, yoga, meditation, stretching and massage. If you are not able to participate in the culinary(烹任的) weekends, don't worry－when you visit the lodge, you will have plenty of opportunity to cook and share you culinary skill.
D
ATES OF OPERATION
December 15, 2009 to March 31, 2010: Daily departures
Lodge is NOT available from March 6, 7 or 8, 2010, due to being an Iditarod Check-Point.
PRICE PER PERSON
| 2009/2010 Winter Rates |
|
| |
Per Person |
| Regular Winter 2 day/ 2 night stays |
$ 1,500 |
| Regular Winter 3 day/ 3 night stays |
$ 2,000 |
| Regular Winter 4 day/ 4 night stays |
$ 2,500 |
| Culinary weekend stays |
$2, 317 |
** R ates are based on a 2-person minimum and on 24-hour periods. Single rates upon request. |
EXPERIENCE WINTERLAKE LODGE THIS WINTER AND SAVE $250 PER DAY AND PER NIGHT PER PERSON!What is special about Winterlake Lodge?
| A．You can share your cooking skills. | B．You will experience sled dog rides. |
| C．You will experience remote wilderness. | D．You can join in many outdoor activities. |
If you want to visit Winterlake Lodge, you'd better avoid .
| A．late March | B．late December | C．mid-January | D．early March |
If a couple wants to stay at Winterlake L
odge for 3 days and 3 nights this winter, it will probably cost them .
| A．$2,500 | B．$4,000 | C．$4,500 | D．$3,500 |
What is the main purpose of the text?
| A．To provide travel information. | B．To introduce a cooking school. |
| C．To provide guide service. | D．To introduce a sled dog s chool |
(CNN News)－In his work for a humanitarian(人道主义)agency in Afghanistan, Lex Kassenberg asks an important question when he visits schoolchildren: What will you do when you grow up?“I want to be president,”is an answer Kassenberg often hears from girls.
But for all the admiration Kassenberg has for a youngster's ambition, the 53-year-old CARE aid worker knows that in Afghanistan, the idea of a female national leader remains unlikely to be realized in the immediate future. Only recently, women had suffered a lot under the rule of the militant(激进的)Taliban.
The importance of education, especially for girls, is not ignored by the Afghan people or humanitarian agencies trying to improve their living conditions. That's why the World Bank partnered with CARE to investigate how education can succeed when there are increasing violent attacks on Afghan schools.
“Knowledge on Fire”, CARE's education report made known to the public Monday, found that community-based schools are the most sound and workable in Afghanistan.“Education-related violence is an alarming trend in Afghanistan,”said Helene Gayle, president of CARE. “But this study suggests that an approach of building support for education at the local level can reduce the risks of attacks.”
Because government school are often associated with a Kabul administration viewed by the Taliban as a pupper(傀儡政府)of the United States, they are likely to be attacked, Kassenberg said. And schools built with reconstruction dollars are associated with the military. Between January 2006 and December 2008, 1,053 education-related attacks or threats were reported in Afghanistan, a
ccording to CARE. The number of incidents was almost three times as much as that in 2005.The World Bank cooperated with CARE in order to .
| A．know how to educate Afghan boys and girls successfully during the war. |
| B．know how to give money to Afghan boys and girls. |
| C．know the condition of education in Afghan schools. |
| D．know if the education of Afghan boys and girls is successful |
The passage implied that .
| A．Afghan people suffered a lot | B．Afghan boys suffered little |
| C．Afghan girls didn't suffer at all | D．Afghan girls suffered more than boys |
Why have attacks on schools been on the rise since 2005?
| A．The Taliban thought schools are connected with the military. |
| B．The Taliban thought the Kabul administration would cooperate with it. |
| C．The Taliban thought schools were built by the American government. |
| D．The Taliban thought schools were built with reconstruction dollars. |
According to
the last paragraph, attacks on Afghan schools in 2005 amounted to .
| A．670 | B．1, 053 | C．ove r 1,700 |
D．about 350 |
Millions of people are now using what are called“peer-to-peer”networks. Basically, you link your computer to other computers all across the country, mostly so you can give something in exchange for music for free.“But here's the problem,”“Early Show”Consumer Correspondent Susan Koeppen says as part of the broadcast's series, “Somebody's Watching You”: thieves are using the same networks, and they're not interested in music－they're seeking access to your financial information.
Beth Pope learned the hard way. When she put peer-to-peer software on her computer, she had one goal in mind: increasing her music library.“I thought I could get access to other people's music folders and they could have access to my music folders,”she says,“and that was about it. I didn't think it went any further than that.”
Are Your Medical Records Watched? That is, until she was contacted by the Secret Service－with shocking news－someone had stolen personal information from her computer－using the very software she used to trade music. With the help of David Dunn, a member of the Secret Service Electronic Crimes Task Force, Koeppen decided to see what personal information she could find using a peer-to-peer network.
Thieves typically seek documents such as credit reports, tax returns, or the federal financial student aid application, Dunn says.“Obviously,”says Dunn,“we aren't going to download it, because it's someone's personal information. I'm sure that, whoever (this file sharer) is didn't want her (student aid application) confirmation number available online for somebody to download.”Pope says she's done using peer-to-peer.“I've gotten all of that off my computer, ”she says.“I pay for music now. It's the best way to do it. There's no way that I would ever do that again.”
The trade 
group for file sharing software companies says they are working on better systems to prevent the misuse of the peer-to-peer networks. Still, Koeppen urges that people, for instance, delete Lime Wire from their computers, or make sure they have the latest version, which should have updated security features.Thieves are trying to get access to your computer in order to .
| A．find your personal information |
| B．see how your computer is working |
| C．talk with you |
| D．help you with your system |
Why did Beth Pope use peer-to-peer software?
| A．Because she wanted others to use her information. |
| B．Because she wanted to try it. |
| C．Because she wanted to increase her music library. |
| D．Because she wanted to get others' financial information. |
Susan Koeppen tried to .
A．warn the readers of dangers of sha ring music files with others. |
| B．warn the readers not to share music files with others. |
| C．tell us a true and funny story |
| D．advertise the peer-to-peer networks. |
From the passage we get to know .
| A．we shouldn't believe others. |
| B．computers make our life easy and comfortable. |
| C．softwares help us to share music with others |
D．every thing has two sides, the good side and the bad one |
A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions （情感）．The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard, such as Japan, focus is placed on the eyes to interpret emotions．Whereas in cultures where emotion is openly expressed, such as the United States, the focus is on the mouth to interpret emotion．
"These findings go against the popular theory that the facial expressions of basic emotions can be universally recognized," said University of Alberta researcher Dr．Takahiko Masuda．"A 
person's culture plays a very strong role in determining how they will read emotions and needs to be considered when interpreting facial expression．"
These cultural differences are even noticeable in computer emoticons （情感符号）, which are used to convey a writer's emotions over email and text messaging．The Japanese emoticons for happiness and sadness vary in terms of how the eyes are drawn, while American emoticons vary with the direction of the mouth．In the United States the emoticons :） and :-） show a happy face, whereas the emoticons : （ or : -（ show a sad face．However, Japanese tend to use the symbol （ ' ' ） to indicate a happy face, and （ ;_; ）to indicate a sad face．
"We think it is quite interesting and appropriate that a culture tends to mask its emotions．The Japanese would focus on a person's eyes when determining emotion, as eyes tend to be quite subtle （微妙的）," said Masuda．"In the United States, where open emotion is quite common, it makes sense to focus on the mouth, which is the most expressive feature on a person's face．"The text mainly tells us that __________．
| A．cultural differences are expressed in emotions |
| B．culture is the key to interpreting facial emotions |
| C．different emoticons are preferred in different cultures |
| D．people from different cultures express emotions differently |
Which emoticon is used by Americans to show a happy face?
A．（;_;） |
B．:-） | C．:-（ | D．: （ |
If a Japanese wants to detect whether a smile is true or false, he will probably_______．
| A．read the whole face | B．focu s on the mouth |
| C．look into the eyes | D．judge by the voice |
People used to believe that _______．
| A．some facial expressions of emotions were too complex to be recognized |
| B．people in the world interpreted basic emotions in different ways |
| C．people could only recognize the facial expressions of basic emotions |
| D．people all over the world understood basic emotions in the same way |
When the musical sound rings you, you immediately reach for your pocket ready to have a chat．But although you probably use it all the time, have you ever stopped to think about the manners related to talking on the phone? If you haven’t, here are some tips to guide you．
●Always give the person you are calling plenty of time to get to the phone before you hang up．If the person who answers is not the
one you want，give your name and ask if you may speak to the person you want．
●Think about the time you call people．Try not to call too early in the morning（before about 9:00）or too late at night（after about 9:30）．Also try not to call at mealtimes．
●If you go by plane to visit your relatives at Christmas, remember to follow airline instructions．Cell phones must be turned off as soon as the plane doors are closed and remain so until the doors open again on arrival．
●When face to face with someone, do not talk on the phone．It is rude to be on the phone when a waiter is trying to take your order in a restaurant, or when you are returning the shoes you have just been trying on in a shop．Finish any face-to-face business before taking a call．Continuing to use the phone while nodding to the person in front of you is quite impolite
．
●When in a restaurant with your friends，ke
ep phone conversations short．Make a call only if it is important．Practise speaking in a low voice．If no one looks your way, you’ve got it．
●If you go to a theatre, a concert or a cinema, consider the other p
eople around you．Check that your phone is “off” before you enter．If you are expecting a very important call, put your phone on “vibrate”（振动）and run for the exit as soon as you feel it．If you forget both “off” and “vibrate” and your phone rings, don’t answer it, turn it off straight away．Which is true according to the passage above?
| A．You may call people anytime as you like． |
| B．You may talk loudly on the phone at dinner in the restaurant． |
| C．You may keep on talking on the phone while greeting somebody． |
| D．You may call people as soon as you get on the plane，but not after the doors are closed． |
We may infer from these tips that__________．
| A．some people don’t pay much attention to manners while making cell phone calls |
| B．you may ask to leave a message unless the person you are calling is in |
| C．calling people too early or too late in the morning is not polite |
| D．almost everyone has got a cell phone |
What does the underlined sentence “…you’ve got it” mean in the passage?
| A．You have succeeded in making a call without disturbing others． |
| B．You have made the phone call brief and interesting． |
C．You ’ve got the message you are waiting for． |
| D．You have made a phone call secretly． |
From the tips given above, we can decide the writer is sure to share the opinion that______．
| A．1ike the saying “clothes make a man”, nowadays cell phones make a man |
| B．as the old saying goes, money talks; nowadays cell phones talk |
| C．the way we use the cell phones tells what we are like |
| D．we are what cell phones we use |
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