Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren (少植被的) snow-covered terrain (地形). So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs (模糊), then is obscured (遮蔽), and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
1. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark
glasses are _________.
A. indispensable and essential B. useful C. ineffective D. available
2. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _________.
A. balance the pain B. treat snow-blindness
C. clear the vision D. loosen the muscles
3. Snow-blindness may be avoided by _________.
A. concentrating on the solid white terrain
B. searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
C. providing the eyes with something to focus on
D. covering the eyeballs with more fluid
4. The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _________.
A. prevent the men behind losing their way
B. beautify the landscape of the terrain
C. warm themselves in the severe cold
D. give the men behind something to see
5. A suitable title for this passage would be _________.
A. nature's cure for snow-blindness B. snow-blindness and how to overcome it
C. soldiers marching in the snow D. snow vision and its effect on eyesight
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you 
telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receive
s a call during sleeping hours, he assumes(想当然地认为)it's a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call comm.unicates its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the attention to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise(产生) between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think if keeping a business associate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few wo
rds of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
60. "The same meaning is attached to telephone calls after 11:00p.m." Here "attached" means _____.
A. taken B. drawn C. given D. shown
61. According to this passage, time plays an importantt role in _____.
A. everyday life B. school life
C. communication D. private life
62. The best title for this passage is _____.
A. The Voice of Time
B. The Importance of Time
C. The Importance of an Announcement
D. Time and Tide Wait for No Man
63. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree to which of the following statements?
A. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four days before a dinner party date in U.S.A..
B. It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some countries.
C. It is best for one to make telephone calls at eight because it costs much less.
D. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.
第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个
选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Scientists have recently discovered that mothers tend to hold their baby on the left. Of 255 right-handed mothers, 83%
held the baby on the left. And out of 32 left-handed women, 78% held the baby on the left. As a control, women were watched coming from supermarkets carrying baby-sized bags; the bags were held with no side preference. Then, dental patients were given a large rubber ball to hold during treatment. The majority held the ball to their left side, even when it interfered with the dentist's activities. This suggested that in times of stress objects are held against the left side.
At that point something clearly contrary was observed. A large number of mothers who brought their premature babies to a clinic were seen to hold their babies against their right side.
So, 115 mothers who had been separated from their babies for 24 hours after birth were observed for holding response. The experimenters presented the baby directly to midline of the mother's body, and noted how she held the baby. 53% placed the baby on the left and 47% on the right. And it was also noted that the mothers of the group who had held their baby on the left had already had a baby from which they had not been separated after birth.
Left-handed holding enables the baby to hear the heartbeat. In order to discover whether hearing the heart has a beneficial effect on the baby, the sound of a human hear-beat was played to102 babies in a New York nursery for 4 days. A control group of babies was not exposed to hear-beats. The babies in the heart-beat group gained more weight and cried far less than the babies in the control group.
56. Scientists found that _____.
A. left-handed women tend to hold their babies on the right
B. more right-handed women than left-handed women tend to hold their babies on the left
C. only right-handed women tend to hold their babies on the correct side
D. women who hold their babies on the left are nearly all right-handed
57. What was "some clearly contrary"?
Mothers of premature babies held their babiesson the correct side.
B. Mothers of premature babies took their babies to a clinic.
C. Mothers of premature babies were seen to hold their babies differently from other mothers.
D. Mothers of premature babies showed no side preference.
58. In one experiment, 102 babies spent four days _____.
A. not exposed to heart-beats
B. in a control group
C. exposed to the sound of heart-beats
D. in a New York heart-beat group
59. The experiments proved that _____.
A. mothers have an instinct to hold their babies on the left immediately after birth
B. mothers hold their babies on the left at times of stress
C. mothers of premature babies do not have the instinct to hold their babies on the left
D. mothers find it more comfortable to carry their babies on the left because the heart is on that side
In 1909 an English news
paper offered £ 1,000 to the first man to fly across the English Channel in an aeroplane. Today, modern jets cross it in minutes. But at that time it still seemed a good distance. The race to win the money soon became a ra
ce between two men. Both were very colourful.
One was Louis Bleriot. He owned a factory in France that made motor car lamps. He was already well known as a pilot because he had had accidents several times. Some people laughed at him. One man said, “He may not be the fir
st to fly across the Channel but he will certainly be the first to die in an accident!” But Bleriot was really a good and brave pilot. He also had many good ideas about aeroplane design.
The other man was Hubert Latham. He was half French and half English. He took up flying when his doctors told him he had only a year to live. “Oh, well,” he said, “if I’ m going to die soon, I think I shall have a dangerous and interesting life now.” Latham was the first to try t
he flight across the Channel. Ten kilometres from the French coast, his plane had some trouble. It fell down into the water and began to sink under the water. A boat reached Latham just in time. He was sitting calmly on the wing and was coolly lighting a cigarette. Bleriot took off six days later. He flew into some very bad weather and very low cloud. He somehow got to the English side and landed in a farmer’s field. When he did so, a customs (海关) officer rushed up to his plane. Planes have changed since then, but customs officers have not. “Have you anything to declare(报关)?” The officer demanded.
48. Bleriot was well known as a pilot because ____ .
A. he was unusually brave
B. he was quite rich
C. he had many good ideas about aeroplane design
D. he had had a few accidents
49. Why did Hubert Latham want to fly across the Channel?
A. He thought he could manage it easily.
B. He wanted to be the first one to cross the Channel.
C. He knew he only had a year to live.
D. He had always been interested in flying.
50. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Latham became a pilot on the doctor’s advice.
B. He was told he could live another year.
C. His plane had some trouble.
D. He was saved by a boat when his plane was sinking.
I found out one time that doing 
a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed(解散). As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she talked about how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be res
ponsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated in the test. When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girl’s test paper. I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed very very strange to her that I hadn’t talked of anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test. Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favor by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued to believe that I had cheated in the test.
44. The girl wanted to borrow a pen, because ____ .
A. she had not brought a pen with her B. she had lost her own on her way to school
C. there was something wrong with her pen D. her own had been taken away by someone
45. The teacher saw all this, so she asked the boy ____ .
A. to go on writing his paper B. to stop whispering
C. to leave the room immediately D. to stay behind after the exam
46. The thing(s) emphasized in her talk was(were) ____ .
A. honesty B. sense of duty C. seriousness D. all of the above
47. The boy knew everything ____ .
A. the moment he was asked to stay behind
B.when the teacher started talking about honesty
C. only some time later
D. when he was walking out of the room
In Denmark, parents are allowed to set up a new school if they are dissatisfied with the school in the area where they are living. Although these schools have to follow the national courses, they are allowed a lot of choice in deciding wha
t to teach. Some of these new schools are called “small schools” because usually the number of pupils in them is only sixty, but a school has to have at least twenty-seven pupils.
Cooleenbridge School in Ireland, is a small school similar to the ones in Denmark, it was set up by parents who came from Holland, 
Germany, Czechoslovakia, England and other parts of Ireland. They came because they wanted to live in the countryside and to grow their own food. In June 1986, they decided to start a school. They managed to get an old, disused primary-school building and started with twenty-four children aged from four to twelve.
The teachers say, “The important thing in school is doing, not sitting.” And so the courses includes yoga(瑜伽), cooking, knitting(编织), kite-making, music, fishing, drama(戏剧) and environ
mental river studies, as well as reading, writing, maths and science.
40. What are the rules for setting up a new school in Denmark?
A. Parents are allowed to set up their own school.
B. The school has to follow the national courses.
C. The school has to have at least 27 pupils.
D. All of the above.
41. The writer tells about the Cooleenbridge School in Ireland because___________
A. it was set up by parents who are not people of Denmark
B. it was taken as an example of this kind of “small school”
C. there were only twenty-four children
D. the pupils there were aged from 4 to 12
42. What makes this kind of school special?
A. It is set up by parents not by government.
B. It is free to decide what to teach.
C. The number of pupils in it is only sixty.
D. It has to have at least 27 pupils.
43. “The important thing in school is doing, not sitting.” What the teachers say actually means___________.
A. What we should do is teaching in the classroom, not sitting in the office.
B. Children should do more homework at home, not just sit in class to listen to the teachers.
C. Children should learn by themselves not rely on teachers.
D. Children should learn through practice not just from books.
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