Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren (少植被的) snow-covered terrain (地形). So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs (模糊), then is obscured (遮蔽), and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
1. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark
glasses are _________.
A. indispensable and essential B. useful C. ineffective D. available
2. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _________.
A. balance the pain B. treat snow-blindness
C. clear the vision D. loosen the muscles
3. Snow-blindness may be avoided by _________.
A. concentrating on the solid white terrain
B. searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
C. providing the eyes with something to focus on
D. covering the eyeballs with more fluid
4. The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _________.
A. prevent the men behind losing their way
B. beautify the landscape of the terrain
C. warm themselves in the severe cold
D. give the men behind something to see
5. A suitable title for this passage would be _________.
A. nature's cure for snow-blindness B. snow-blindness and how to overcome it
C. soldiers marching in the snow D. snow vision and its effect on eyesight
Modern zoos are different from those built fifty years ago. Those zoos were places where people could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages with iron bars. Although the zoo keepers took good care of them, many of the animals did not feel comfortable, and they often felt ill.
In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural conditions. The animals are given more freedom 
in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass grow in cages, and water flows through the places the animal live in. there are few bars; instead, there is often a deep ditch, filled with water, which surrounds a space where several sorts of animals live toge
ther as they world naturally. In an American zoo, the visitor can walk through a huge special cage that is filled with trees, some small animals and many birds, and large enough for birds
to live naturally. In a 
zoo in New York, with the us of special night, people can observe certain animals that are active only at night, when most zoos are closed. Some zoos have special places for visitors to watch animals that live in the desert or under water.
Modern zoos not only show animals to visitors, but also keep and save rare animals. For this reason, fifty years from now, the grandchildren of today’s visitors will still be able to enjoy watching these animalsIt seems that ______ is something most important for animals.
A eating good food B. living in cages
C. living with other animals D. living in natural co
nditionsIn modern zoos __________.
A．different kinds of animals are kept separately. |
| B．Animals are no longer taken good care of. |
| C．Animals have more freedom |
| D．visitors can walk where they live |
In modern zoos ___________ feel comfortable.
| A．the animals, the zoos keepers | B．the visitors, not the animals |
| C．neither visitors nor animals | D．both visitors and the animals |
In some zoos people can ____________.
| A．walk through huge special cages to watch all sots of animals |
| B．see animals which live in special conditions |
| C．during the day observe animals that are active at night. |
| D．Watch all rare animals that may ot be seen in the future |
The main idea of the passage is that __________.
| A．zoos are now places where animals can live naturally |
| B．zoos are places where people can see animals from all over the world |
| C．there should be old and modern zoos alike |
| D．rare animals may soon die out |
A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today’s ones. If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. There will al
so be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three such cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.
The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too, as these little cars can go only 65 kilometers an hour.
The cars of the future will be fine for getting around the city, but they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gasoline.
If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the gig, fast cars and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones.There is much pollution in the air today because ___________.
| A．people drive big cars |
| B．people drive little cars |
| C．the cars go 65 kilometers an hour |
| D．the cars can go 450 kilometers an hour |
The usual size of cars today is _______ that of the future cars.
A．much smaller than |
B．much the same as |
| C．three times as large as | D．a little larger than |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Big cars cost more to own and to drive |
| B．Big cars are not useful for long trips |
| C．The cars of the future will be smaller than today’s cars. |
| D．Small cars are slower than big cars. |
The street will be less crowded because ______________.
A there will be fewer cars in the future
B. driving future cars will be safer
C. there will be fewer passengers in the street
D. future cars will be much smaller Two sets of roads may be needed in the future because_________.
| A．there will be too many cars in the future |
B．more and more people will get around a c ity |
| C．bit cars and little cars may be used along with each other |
| D．it looks more beautiful to have two sets of roads |
If you want your land to keep fertile, you must try to stop soil from being carried away by water or wind. When soil is taken away by flowing water or blowing winds we call it soil erosion. Ways have been found to stop soil erosion, and this is known as soil conservation. One way of stopping soil erosion is to grow small plants such as grass. These plants are referred to a cover crops, whose roots hold the soil tightly together. The rain water can not wash away the soil. When trees and tall bushes are planted at the edges of an open field, soil erosion by strong winds can not take place. The trees and b
ushes, which act as a
very big and firm wall, protect the open land from the winds. The way to stoop soil erosion on slopes is to build terraces on the slope of hillside and mountainside. When the slope of a hillside is cut into “step”, water carrying soil can not run straight down the terraces, which are used to slow down the speed of the flowing water containing much soil in it. In this way most of the soil in the water is left behind on the terraces, much soil in it.What takes place in soil erosion?
| A．Flood happens to the fertile land |
| B．A large quantity of the soil loses away gradually. |
| C．Terraces are built on the slope of hillside or mountainside. |
| D．Plants are grown to protect the open land |
“Cover crops” in this passage means _________.?
A. grass B. trees and bushes C. plants life and an area
E. covering plants that produce grain or vegetablesBesides growing small plants, another method to fight against soil erosion is to ___________.
| A．build terraces | B．build walls | C．plant trees | D．plant tall bushes |
According to the passage, trees and tall bushes are planted around an open field ________________.
| A．because their roots hold soil tightly |
| B．to stop soil from being blown away by winds. |
| C．Because soil erosion causes terrible damages to crops |
| D．To keep the balance of nature |
Which of the following is the best ti
tle of the passage?
| A．What Causes Soil Erosion |
| B．The Importance of Erosion |
| C．Rain Erosion and Wind Erosion |
| D．Erosion and the Way of Tight against Erosion |
Some people bring out the best in you in a way that you might never have fully realized on your own. My mom was one of those people.
My father died when I was nine months old, making my mom a single mother at the age of eighteen. While I was growing up, we lived a very hard life. We had little money, but my mom gave me a lot of love. Each night, she sat me on her lap and spoke the words that would change my life, “Kemmons, you are certain to be a great man and you can do anything in life if you work hard enough to get it.”
At fourteen, I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again. Every day, my mother spoke to me in her gentle, loving voice, telling me that no matter what those doctors said, I could walk again if I wanted to badly enough. She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later, I returned to school — walking on my own!
When the Great Depression (大萧条) hit, my mom lost her job. Then I left school to support the both of us. At that moment, I was determined never to be poor again.
Over the years, I experienced various levels of business success. But the real turning point occurred on a vacation I took with my wife and five kids in 1951. I was dissatisfied with the second-class hotels available for families and was angry that they charged an extra $2 for each child. That was too expensive for the average American family. I told my wife that I was going to open a motel (汽车旅馆) for families that would never charge extra for children. There were plenty of doubters at that time.
Not surprisingly, mom was one of my strongest supporters. She worked behind the desk and even designed the room style. As in any business, we experienced a lot of challenges. But with my mother’s words deeply rooted in my soul, I never doubted we would succeed. Fifteen years later, we had the largest hotel system in the world — Holiday Inn. In 1979 my company had 1, 759 inns in more than fifty countries with an income of $ 1 billion a year.
You may not have started out life in the best situation. But if you can find a task in life worth working for and believe in yourself, nothing can stop you.
57. What Kemmons’ mom often told him during his childhood was ______.
A. caring B. moving C. encouraging D. interesting
58. According to the author, who played the most important role in making him walk back to school again? A. Doctors. B. Nurses. C. Friends. D. Mom.
59. What caused Kemmons to start a motel by himself?
A. His terrible experience in the hotel. B. His previous business success of various levels.
C. His mom’s support. D. His wife’s suggestion.
60. Which of the following best describes Kemmons’ mother?
A. Modest, helpful, and hard-working. B. Loving, supportive and strong-willed.
C. Careful, helpful and beautiful. D. Strict, sensitive and supportive.
四、阅读理解（本题有18小题，共25分）
第一节：阅读下列短文并做每篇后面的题目。从A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。（本节有14小题，每小题1.5分，共21分）
Early rising is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps us to have good health. We all need fresh air. It makes our health better to take morning exercises. The air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Early rising helps us in our studies. In the morning we learn more quickly and find it easy to learn something by heart.
Early rising makes people able to plan the work for the day. We can’t work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, the plan for a day should be made in the morning. Early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our hands and eat our breakfast. So the popular saying says, “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
51. What does “early rising” mean in the passage?
A. waking up B. getting up C. have breakfast D. making a day’s plan
52. Why does the passage advise us to take exercises early in the morning？
A. Because we can save much time. B. Because we are not busy in the morning.
C. Because air in the morning is very fresh. D. Because we don’t need to prepare for breakfast.
53. We can work well with _____.
A. enough time B. a good reading C. clean hands D. a good plan
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