第三部分：附加题（共5小题。每小题3分，满分15分。）阅读下

更新 2022-09-03
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第三部分：附加题（共5小题。每小题3分，满分15分。）
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。）
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship support. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support :money aid, material resources, and needed services - that reduces stress by helping us solve and deal with our problems.
61. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can ________
A. make people live more easily   B. smooth away daily problems
C. deal with life changes          D. cure types of illnesses
62. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______
A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
63. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "cushions"?
A. takes place of            B. makes up of
C. lessens the effect of       D. gets rid of
64. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of ________
A. instrumental support      B. informational support
C. social companionship     D. the strengthening of self-respect
65. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Interpersonal relationships.    B. Kinds of social support.
C. Ways to deal with stress.      D. Effects of stressful condition.

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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P．E and wrote several books．While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing．He was the inventor of basketball．
Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA．One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the students．Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside．He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something．
It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea．The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game．It was quite different from the basketball games of today．It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs．Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs” through nets．
Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin．
61．Which of the following things did Dr James Naismith NOT do?
A．Teach P．E in school．       B．Write some books．
C．Work at hospital．            D．Take part in the Olympic Games．
62．In which season did Dr Naismith invent basketball?
A．Summer．     B．Winter．        C．Spring．        D．Autumn．
63．Why is December 21 thought to be the birthday of basketball?
A．It was on this day that Dr Naismith came up with his idea for basketball．
B．It was the day on which Dr Naismith was born．
C．It was the day on which Dr Naismith was asked by his boss to invent a new game．
D．It was on this day that the first game of basketball was played．
64．At the time of Dr Naismith’s death, which of the following was true?
A．Basketball was already a worldwide game．
B．Basketball was played with 9 players on each side．
C．Basketball was an Olympic sport．
D．Basketball was still played using footballs．
65．What would be the best title for this story?
A．History of Basketball           B．How Basketball Has Changed
C．Father of Basketball                D．Happy Birthday, Basketball

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E
Let children learn to judge their own work．A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use．Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s．In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes．But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself．We do it all for him．We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to．Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not．
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book．Let him correct his own papers．Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer．Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know．
72．According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _____．
A．listening to skilled people’s advice
B．asking older people many questions
C．making mistakes and having them corrected
D．doing what other people do
73．Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?
A．Give children correct answers．
B．Allow children to make mistakes．
C．Point out children’s mistakes to them．
D．Let children mark their own work．
74．According to the writer, teachers in school should ________．
A．allow children to learn from each other
B．point out children’s mistakes whenever found
C．give children more book knowledge
D．correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible
75．The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are ________．
A．different from learning other skills
B．the same as learning skills
C．more important than other skills
D．not really important skills

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D
Laptop computers are popular all over the world．People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels．These laptops connect people to their workplace．In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms．
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want．Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop．The laptops are part of a ＄10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college．The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet．In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families．However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs．They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!
Because of the many changes in computer technology , laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable．As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers．In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources．State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students．State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too．
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers．The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons．As one Westlake teacher said, “ Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world．They can see everything and do everything．”
68．The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to ________．
A．use for their schoolwork     B．access the Internet
C．work at home             D．connect them to libraries
69．Why is the word “speak” in the second paragraph in quotation marks（引号）?
A．They don’t really talk．          B．They use the computer language．
C．Laptops have speakers．      D．None of the above reasons is correct．
70．Which of the following is true about Westlake College?
A．All teachers use computers．     B．1500 students have laptops．
C．It is an old college in America． D．Students there can do everything．
71．A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can ________．
A．attend lectures on information technology
B．travel around the world
C．get information from around the world
D．have free laptops

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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours．This kind of loneliness is not serious．In fact, it is quite normal．For some people, though, loneliness can last for years．Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness．
The first kind of loneliness is temporary（暂时的）．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention．The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation--- for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year．The third kind of loneliness is the most severe．Unlike the second type, chronic（长期的）loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others．Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease．While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition．
56．How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage ?
A．Talk to friends．           B．Just ignore it．
C．Go to see a doctor．        D．Ask your teachers for guidance．
57．“ It” in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to ______．
A．temporary loneliness      B．situational loneliness
C．a new place          D．sleeplessness
58．Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people ?
A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems．
B．Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness．
C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome．
D．Such people are harmful to society．
59．What is the best title for the passage ?
A．Three kinds of loneliness         B．Loneliness and Diseases
C．Loneliness and Social Contacts      D．Chronic Loneliness

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C
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often．It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are．
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes．Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted．Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly．
People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem．They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length．If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too．
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape．This, too, can be corrected by glasses．Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts．Long ago these people often became blind．Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them．
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear．After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers．Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction．This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly．Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them．When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken．However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark．
64．We don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ________．
A．we think about our eyes     B．we cannot see clearly
C．we wear glasses             D．we have to do much reading
65．According to the passage, a ________ is more likely to be nearsighted．
A．student        B．doctor         C．guard          D．painter
66．People who are farsighted ________ ．
A．can do a lot of close work without glasses
B．can only see things that are very close to their eyes
C．have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s length
D．can correct their eyes by glasses
67．To see a small thing at night, it is better to look ________ ．
A．with wide open eyes       B．with half shut or narrowed eyes
C．straight at it                D．in a slightly different direction

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