Kathy started at my nursery school at the age of three. She settled into the group easily, and would be first on the slide and highest up the climbing frame. She could put on her coat without help and not only fasten her own buttons but other children's too.
She was a lovely child but unfortunately a scratcher. If anyone upset her or stood in her way, her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates. Children twice her age would fly in fear from her.
This must have been very rewarding for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped. All the usual ways failed and then I remembered an account by G Atkinson Highfield School, of how fights in the playground had been stopped. No punishment had been given, but the attacker had been ignored and the victims rewarded. So I decided to try out on Kathy.
With a pocketful of Smarties I followed Kathy around. She was so quick that it was impossible to prevent her scratching, but I was dertermined to stay within arm's length all afternoon.
All was peaceful but then I saw Kathy's hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said "Nice, nice sweetie" and then looked puzzled when she got nothing.
Soon came another scream, this time from John. While holding him in my arms, I said, "Look, Kathy, a nice Smartie for John" and put it into John's mouth.
A smile of understanding flashed across Kathy's face. Minutes later, she came to me and said loudly, "Give me a Smartie! I have hurt my finger!"
"No," I replied, "you'll get it if someone hurts you."
On purpose, she turned and scratched a nearby boy, Tom, and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded him, then she walked away.
She has never scratched a child since.
Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones. It's certainly much easier and more effective.
| 1． |
From the passage, we know that Kathy is
|
| 2． |
Kathy scratched Tom because
|
| 3． |
According to the passage, the underlined word "bullying" is closest in meaning to"".
|
| 4． |
The writer of this passage aims to recommend an approach to.
|
As early as 1894,the newly-formed InternationalOlympic Committee(IOC) considered ice skating as apossibility for the first modern Olympic Games whichwould be held in 1896.
In 1911, a member of the IOC suggested thatwinter sports should be staged as part of the 1912Olympics in Helsinki. Some opposed the idea. At last,the IOC decided to hold Winter Olympic Games in1916. However, World War I broke out in 1914.After 1920, the national governing bodies for wintersports in several countries began talking about thepossibility of separate Winter Olympics.
The town of Chamonix, in the French Alps,planned to hold a winter sports festival in 1924, andat the same time Paris was to host the Olympics. TheMarquis de Polignac, a member of the IOC, suggestedthat the festival be formally recognized as the WinterOlympic Games. The IOC didn't go that far, but didagree that Chamonix could call its festival an "Olympic winter carnival".
The festival drew 258 athletes from 16 countriesto compete in bobsledding(雪橇车比赛), figureskating, hockey, Nordic skiing and speed skating.Charles Jewtraw from the United States won the first
gold medal, in the 500-metre speed skating,but thefestival's hero was Claus Thunberg from Finland. Hewon five medals, three of which were gold, in speedskating.
Weather has often been a major story at theWinter Olympics, and so it was at Chamonix. Thefestival opened with rain and unseasonably warmtemperature that turned snow and ice to mud. Thentemperature dropped as far as 25 below zero and themud became ice.
Despite the weather, more than 10, 000 peopleshowed up. At its yearly meeting in 1925, the IOC recognized the Chamonix festival as the first WinterOlympics and decided that the Winter Games wouldbe held every four years, just like the SummerOlympics. Why was the first Winter Olympic Games notheld in 1916?
| A．Because the IOC didn't agree to it. |
| B．Because it was still under discussion. |
| C．Because some people opposed the idea. |
| D．Because World War I broke out in 1914. |
How many years was the first modern Olympic Games earlier than the first Winter Olympic Games?
| A．16. |
| B．24. |
| C．28. |
| D．29. |
We can know from the passage that ______
| A．the weather destroyed the first Winter Olympics |
| B．people from 16 countries watched the first Winter Olympics |
| C．Charles Jewtraw won the most medals in the first Winter Olympics |
| D．Finland got 3 gold medals in speed skating in the first Winter Olympics. |
What's the passage mainly about?
| A．The development of the Winter Olympics. |
| B．The importance of weather in the Olympics. |
| C．The events of the first Winter Olympic Games. |
| D．The heroes of the Winter Olympics. |
"Failure is not an option (选择)"is a very well-known saying. But my father told me that "failure hasa time line".
You have to know that my father is a true genius(天才). He designed the first jet fighter plane, theF-84.
You also have to know that his only son isanything but a genius. I was born in 1941, and I amstill here at 68 years old. I graduated from PointLoma High in San Diego on June 15,1960, and I was"pleased"with being in the top l0% of the lower one-third of my class of about 300 students. Well, at least Igraduated! Some years later in the 1960s, my dadtalked to me about failure.
At the time I was very discouraged at my careerplans after serving two years in the Peace Corps inGabon, West Africa. I said to my dad, "Dad, youknow I've been a failure at everything I've tried inlife and I just don't know what to do now."
My dad looked at me with those "genius eyes"and said to me,"Failure is a relative(相对的) thing.It has a time line！ Now just remember that failure is not an option…in this lifetime! "He then explainedto me that failure is part of a successful path, and thatI should always keep in my mind that time, failureand success all work together.
To this very day, I still love, respect, and honourmy dad and my mom. Maybe some day I will "growup"and be as smart as my dad. In the writer's opinion, his father was very ______.
| A．serious |
| B．great |
| C．casy-going |
| D．different |
What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
| A．The writer used to consider himself to be a genius. |
| B．The writer didn't get along well with his classmates. |
| C．The writer was not good at his studies at school. |
| D．The writer failed to graduate from college. |
According to Paragraph 4, before talking to his dad, the writer ______.
| A．was encouraged by his career plans |
| B．had hoped for a good life |
| C．was very confident |
| D．had probably lost heart |
Which of the following would the writer's fatheragree with?
| A．Some people will never succeed. |
| B．People should not experience failure. |
| C．Failure at a certain period of time is acceptable. |
| D．Success has nothing to do with failure. |
During the mid-1960s, VinhLinh, Quang Tri inVietnam was a wasteland, which was often underattack from the US air force. Vietnamese soldierswho were fighting against the US discussed how to
make people there safe. Some suggested moving thepeople underground. Then they began to build a tunnel(隧道)
The VinhMoc tunnel was built for the people ofSon Trung and Son Ha in VinhLinh county of QuangTri Province. It included wells, kitchens, rooms foreach family and hospitals. Around 60 families lived inthe tunnel.
Deep under the ground, hidden from soldiers,people lived in the tunnel for many years. Theysurvived. The tunnel was a success and no villagerslost their lives thanks to it.
During that time, 17 children were born in thetunnel, each of whose lives was a proof that thetunnel was effective in protecting the villagers. Astime goes by,it has become both a historical site anda tourist attraction for people wishing to learn abouta heroic period in Vietnam's history.
The total length of the tunnel network is nearly 2km, and has three floors. It was built over twoyears. The two sides have small houses every 3m. Thetunnel centre has a 150 - seat hall, a hospital and
maternity rooms (产房). It is linked to the sea byseven exits, which also function as ventilators(通风设备), and to a nearby hill by another six.
People wanting to know about the Vietnam Warshould have some knowledge of the tunnel network inQuang Tri. The tunnel network shows the wisdom andbravery of the local people in their fight for their
identity.
Ten years after the war ended, the VinhMoctunnel was opened to tourists. These days, thegovernment is working to protect the historical relic.Which of the following statements is NOT trueaccording to the passage?
| A．During the mid-1960s, Vietnam was at war with the US. |
| B．VinhLinh, Quang Tri in Vietnam was an undeveloped place. |
| C．The tunnels were built as hiding places for villagers there. |
| D．Some people in the tunnel suffered much and died during the 1960s. |
What does the VinhMoc tunnel have according to the passage?
| A．Kitchens, hospitals and a hall. |
| B．Wells, windows and kindergartens. |
| C．Kitchens, kindergartens and hospitals. |
| D．A hall, maternity rooms and schools. |
The villagers living in the tunnel were during those years.
| A．awful |
| B．safe |
| C．poor |
| D．generous |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．How to protect the VinhMoc tunnel. |
| B．A painful memory of the Vietnam War. |
| C．The war between Vietnam and the US. |
| D．TheVinhMoc tunnel-a famous historical relic in Vietnam. |
It was Saturday morning and I asked seven-year-old Kelley to let her daddy take her to the gymnasticsclass. But she didn't agree. I explained that somefriends would visit our house that day and I had toclean the house. But the truth was, I had spent 20years watching Kelley's five elder brothers and sisterstake lessons and I just wanted to get out of it.However, seeing Kelley was going to cry, I decided todo this once more.
Looking through the door, I watched as theteacher led the students to a rope hanging in thecorner of the gym. One after another, each child inline climbed up the thick rope while the teacher heldit at the bottom. Then it was Kelley's turn – theyoungest in the class. With a big smile, she climbedhigher and higher. Then it happened. About halfwayup, the teacher loudly warned, "Don't go up anyfarther than you're able to come down."
Kelley halted…and then slowly moved down allthe way to the floor. I knew she was heading to thetop of that rope and was perfectly capable(有能力的)of reaching it. Why did she stop? I questioned her onthe way home.
"Kelley,could you have climbed all the way tothe top?"
"Yes, "she quietly replied.
"Then why didn't you keep going?"
Silence.
"Was it because of what the teacher said?" I asked.
She nodded.
I knew it was time to teach.
"Kelley, don't let anybody make you doubtyourself. Don't ever let anyone keep you fromknowing what you can do…even though they seembigger, or smarter or older. Will you remember that?"I said.
"Yes !"she answered quickly.
I was glad I chose to take Kelly to the class andgot the opportunity to teach her an important lesson. The author didn't want to take Kelley togymnastics class at first because she ______.
| A．became very tired of it |
| B．needed to visit some friends |
| C．had so much housework to do |
| D．had to take lessons herself |
Seeing Kelley climbing higher and higher, the teacher felt _____.
| A．angry |
| B．worried |
| C．proud |
| D．pleased |
The underlined word"halted"in Paragraph 3 maymean ______.
| A．fell |
| B．climbed |
| C．stopped |
| D．continued |
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The author has six children to look after. |
| B．Kelley would like her father to take her to thegymnastics class. |
| C．The other children in the gymnastics class are younger than Kelley. |
| D．Kelley was very frightened before the teacher's warning. |
Credit cards let people buy things now and pay for them over months or even years. But some people get deep into debt: Some banks have terms and charges that can make it harder for people to pay off that debt. In the United States, there are calls for stronger government supervision of the credit card industry. They offer economic power at a price. In 2004, Americans had about $800 billion in credit card debt. Now they own about $ 968 billion.
Critics say banks make it too easy to get credit cards. But that may be changing. The crisis in the housing and credit they call markets is beginning to affect the credit card industry. More payments are late. Charges for late payments are a growing source of profit for banks. But late payments can also signal bad debts.
The central bank, the Federal Reserve, says two-thirds of American banks have recently reported tighter lending requirements. Many people report having their credit limits reduced without warning.
Some lawmakers are concerned that cardholders do not have enough protections from abusive policies. These include actions like raising interest rates because of an unrelated event. Also, banks may raise the chances of a late payment by changing monthly payment dates for credit cards.
According to a survey, 82% of Americans think credit cards provide a valuable service. But a majority, 58%, say they do not trust credit card companies. And three out of four think the government should regulate the industry more closely. Three out of four people feel there is always some condition that makes a card less appealing than the company made in scared. And a little more than half say they have had a card that is not as good as they expect. But close to 80% say no one really reads the terms and conditions when they sign up for a credit card. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably mean?
| A．We can enjoy more convenience by using credit cards. |
| B．Credit cards can improve your buying power. |
| C．We can buy things at lower prices by using credit cards. |
| D．Credit cards bring more debts as well as convenience. |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
| A．Banks are making it harder for people to get credit cards. |
| B．Some people's credit limits have been reduced. |
| C．It is more difficult to borrow money from some banks. |
| D．Banks are receiving more charges from late payments. |
Which of the following can be a case of abusive policies?
| A．Banks make credit cards look more attractive. |
| B．Banks ignore the danger of bad debts. |
| C．Banks raise interest rates with no good reason. |
| D．Banks put off monthly payment dates. |
What can we know from the text?
| A．Banks actually prefer to see more late payments. |
| B．People should be more careful when applying for a credit card. |
| C．The US government provides better protection for cardholders. |
| D．The majority of Americans don't think much of credit cards. |
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
| A．Credit cards are still very well received in America. |
| B．Credit cards don't live up to some people's expectations. |
| C．Many people don't believe in credit card companies. |
| D．The results of a survey about credit cards in America. |
粤公网安备 44130202000953号