Kathystartedatmynurseryschoola

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更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
题型阅读理解
难度中等
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Kathy started at my nursery school at the age of three. She settled into the group easily, and would be first on the slide and highest up the climbing frame. She could put on her coat without help and not only fasten her own buttons but other children's too.
She was a lovely child but unfortunately a scratcher. If anyone upset her or stood in her way, her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates. Children twice her age would fly in fear from her.
This must have been very rewarding for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped. All the usual ways failed and then I remembered an account by G Atkinson Highfield School, of how fights in the playground had been stopped. No punishment had been given, but the attacker had been ignored and the victims rewarded. So I decided to try out on Kathy.
With a pocketful of Smarties I followed Kathy around. She was so quick that it was impossible to prevent her scratching, but I was dertermined to stay within arm's length all afternoon.
All was peaceful but then I saw Kathy's hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said "Nice, nice sweetie" and then looked puzzled when she got nothing.
Soon came another scream, this time from John. While holding him in my arms, I said, "Look, Kathy, a nice Smartie for John" and put it into John's mouth.
A smile of understanding flashed across Kathy's face. Minutes later, she came to me and said loudly, "Give me a Smartie! I have hurt my finger!"
"No," I replied, "you'll get it if someone hurts you."
On purpose, she turned and scratched a nearby boy, Tom, and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded him, then she walked away.
She has never scratched a child since.
Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones. It's certainly much easier and more effective.

1．

From the passage, we know that Kathy is

A．	sensitive but slow
B．	smart but a bit rude
C．	independent but selfish
D．	quick but sort of passive.

2．

Kathy scratched Tom because

A．	she was angry at Tom, who was in her way
B．	she wanted to get a Smartie from the teacher
C．	she was in the habit of scratching other children
D．	she wanted to know if the teacher meant what she had said

3．

According to the passage, the underlined word "bullying" is closest in meaning to"".

A．	helping
B．	punishing
C．	hurting
D．	protecting

4．

The writer of this passage aims to recommend an approach to.

A．	rewarding children's good behavior
B．	B correcting children's bad behavior
C．	punishing badly-behaved children
D．	praising well-behaved children

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Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don't talk.Gestures are the "silent language" of every culture.We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.
In the United States,people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak,it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder,some people,usually women,greet a friend with a hug(拥抱).
Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other,they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle,so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident,they say,"Pardon me." or "Excuse me."Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don't do so,it means you are bored,hiding something,or are not interested.But when you stare at someone,it is not polite.
For Americans,thumbs-up;means yes,very good,or well done.Thumbs-down means the opposite.To call a waiter,raise one hand to head level or above.To show you want the check,make a movement with your hands as if you are singing a piece of paper.It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger.Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.
Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing(困惑的).If you don't know what to do,the safest thing to do is to smile.
45.From the first paragraph we can learn that_________.
A.gestures don't mean anything while talking
B.gestures can help us to express ourselves
C.we can learn a language well without body language
D.only American people can use gestures
46.In the United States,people often_________.
A.show their friendship by facing each other directly
B.show their friendship by touching each other
C.say "Pardon me." to each other when they are talking
D.get uncomfortable when you sit close to them
47.If you talk with an American friend,it's polite to_________.
A.look up and down at your friend
B.look at the other person in the eyes
C.hide your opinion
D.look at your watch now and then
48.When your friend gives you the thumbs-up,he,in fact,_________.
A.shows his rudeness to you
B.shows his anger to you
C.expresses his satisfaction to you
D.expresses his worries about you

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三、阅读理解
Maps are our oldest literature(文献),older than books.People think a map was the first thing the human ever wrote to communicate each other.Perhaps one million years ago,with a stick in the mud of a lake bed,the earlier human drew some lines to stand for a lake,a river,a thick forest and some good hunting grounds beyond the forest.
It made so much sense that people took it for magic(魔术),they expressed the world in a picture.There was something so real about this new thing called "map" that it helped us believe we could get there.It not only strengthened belief that good hunting existed beyond the forest,but it strongly suggested that the future existed;it was a place we could go to and be there tomorrow.What a comfort.On maps all paths lead somewhere.
41.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Maps can't be used to communicate each other.
B.Maps have the same long history as books.
C.No matter how hard you study them,maps don't make any sense.
D.None of the above is true.
42.The earlier human used lines drawn in the mud to express_________.
A.the whole world                              B.real places
C.strong belief                                          D.great comfort
43.Now people regard some lines drawn by the earlier human as _________.
A.the beginning of maps           B.the chanting form of maps
C.real maps                      D.a part of maps
44.It can be concluded that _________.
A.maps are the most useful way of communicating each other
B.the first map showed somewhere far away
C.the first map showed somewhere very near
D.the first map showed all directions

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With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save these in a dangerous situation. That's a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called "Noah's Ark".
Noah's Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of these animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M's College of Veterinary, Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will probably become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
"The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, but the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem," Kraemer believes. "They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it's difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort," adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A&M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
"They are trying to do something that's never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah's Ark. We're both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there's a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. The cooperation between us is very much needed."
67. The final aim of "Noah's Ark" project is to___________. .
A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas
B. save endangered animals from dying out
C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study
D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another
68. According to Professor Kraemer, ___________.
A. the long time lasting cloning research could be successful.
B. the eggs transfers immediately result in having a baby.
C. the lack of nuclear transfer could be a major problem to have new pandas.
D. if species should die out, basic building blocks would heal them.
69. The best title for the passage may be______________.
A. China's Success in Pandas Cloning
B. Helping Ways to Avoid Extinction
C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas
D. The Practice in Noah's Ark
70. From the passage we know that______________.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a panda
B. scientists try to implant a panda's egg into a rabbit
C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches
D. about two thousand species are to die out in a century

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Girls really prefer pink and boys prefer blue, recent research shows.
The reasons could have its origins in the hunt for food on the African savannah(稀树草原) thousands of years ago. Evolution may have developed women’s preference for pink, perhaps because it helped to find ripe fruit and healthy men with reddish faces, while both men and women have a natural desire for blue, according to scientists at Newcastle University.
“ Everyone in today’s western culture, from parents to toy manufactures, seems to assume that little girls like pink.” Said Prof. Anya Hulbert, who wanted to find out whether the reason was cultural or to do with biology.
A love of salmon, fuchsia and coral does seem to be rooted into females, rather than picked up from their mothers.
The participants in the study were Chinese and British. The Chinese students showed a marked preference for red, “ Culture may contribute to this natural female preference,” said Pro. Hulbert.
In her experience, 208 young adult men and women were asked to select, as rapidly as possible, their preferred color. Hulbert and her colleague Dr. Yazhu Ling marked the results and found that while men preferred blue, women tended to choose pink.
Hulbert said she could only prefer about the preference for blue: “Here again, I would favor evolutionary arguments. Going back to our savannah days, we would have a natural preference for a clear blue sky, because it signals good weather. Clear blue also signals a good water source.”
63. The passage mentions “the African savannah” to show that_____.
A. the ancient Africa was a beautiful place
B. human beings lived in Africa at first
C. women and men have different color preference
D. color preference has its historical origins
64. It can be inferred that the underlined word “fuchsia”_____.
A. is probably a kind of toy
B. is probably pink in color
C. can be only found in Africa
D. hardly causes men’s interest
65. By saying “the Chinese students for red.” in Para. 5, the writer means_____.
A. red is the Chinese students’ favorite color
B. the Chinese prefer red more than the British
C. culture influences people’s color preferences
D. the study was carried out by two nations
66. What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. Hulbert thinks evolution explains why people prefer blue.
B. Hulbert has a strong desire for “savannah days”.
C. Blue is a natural signal of all good things
D. While boys like blue, girls like pink.

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Soaring divorce rates around the globe are affecting the environment, American researchers suggested in a study released Monday.
Michigan State University researcher Jianguo “Jack” Liu and his assistant Eunice Yu said the increasing number of divorces leads to more households with fewer people and greater consumption of water and energy. They said housing units require space, construction materials and fuel to heat and cool, regardless of the number of inhabitants.
For example, in the United States in 2005, divorced households consumed an extra 73 billion kilowatt hours of electricity and 627 billion gallons of water. An additional 38 million extra rooms required heating and lighting that same year due to divorced households.
“A married household actually uses resources more efficiently than a divorced household”, Liu said. He said that in cohabitating households, people will watch the same television, share the air conditioning and heat and use the same refrigerator, all things that use energy at a regularly stable rate regardless of the number of users.
Liu said he was not condemning divorce, “Some people really need to get divorces.” He said that cohabitation was simply a more environmentally friendly option. Additionally, the researchers noted that trends other than divorce are also changing family living structures, such as the end of multiple generations of a family sharing a home and people remaining single longer.
“People’s first reaction to this research is surprise, and then it seems simple.” Liu said in a release, “But a lot of things become simple after research is done. Our challenges were to connect the dots and quantify their relationships. People have been talking about how to protect the environment and refuse climate change, but divorce is an overlooked factor that needs to be considered.”
He said the increasing energy demands caused by divorce should be considered by governments when they are creating environmental policies.
This passage is mainly meant to ____.
A. inform the reader of the increasing divorce in America
B. emphasize the importance of protecting the environment
C. tell people the effect divorce has on the environment
D. appeal to married people to keep their households
According to the passage, what’s the attitude of Mr. Liu towards divorce?
A. Supportive B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Unclear.
It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. divorced households will promote the sales of products
B. married households are more willing to protect the environment
C. divorced households contribute more to the society’s development
D. divorce is not taken into account when people are protecting the environment
From this passage we can find that ____.
A. divorce rates are quickly rising globally these years
B. cohabiting households will increase consumption of water and energy
C. to divorce is a wise option according to the passage
D. the end of multi-generations of a family will save energy

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