Whenseveraldifferentpeoplelook

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更新 2022-09-03
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When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions（感知，感觉）:
Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick（尺码） to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse（正面的）to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary（临时的） emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory（相反的） information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus（刺激）-"He's basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting（入店行窃）." We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information -"All kids get into mischief（顽皮）. Taking a book from the bookstore isn't such a big deal." We call change the meaning of the contradictory information-"It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later."...

1．

Why might the observation of the same person by two people at the same time differ?

A．	Because they are from different family.
B．	Because they have different opinions.
C．	Because their yardsticks are not the same.
D．	Because their thoughts are different.

2．

According the passage, our perceptions are formed by ________.

A．	our own cultural conditions, education and experience
B．	our own thoughts, aims and knowledge
C．	the society's rules, laws and needs
D．	the society's values, standards and requires

3．

From the passage, we know _____ causes us to think a boy's shoplifting isn't serious.

A．	our kindness	B．	our experience
C．	the society's require	D．	selective perception

4．

What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．	It mainly talks about the results of different perceptions.
B．	It mainly talks about the factors that lead to different perceptions.
C．	It mainly talks about the kinds of perceptions.
D．	It mainly talks about the yardsticks.

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Not many years ago， a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England. He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries. When he was seventy-five， he gave ￡ 12，000 to the village school to buy land and equipment for a children‘s playground.
As a result of his kindness， many people came to visit him. Among them was a newspaperman. During their talk， Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five and expected to live to be a hundred. The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy—five. Johnson had a sense of humor. He liked whisky and drank some each day. “I have an injection （注射） in my neck each evening.”he told the newspaperman， thinking of his evening glass of whisky.
The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant. In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy-five and had a daily injection in his neck. Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain， asking him for the secret of his daily injection.
1. Johnson became a rich man through _________.
A. doing business.                              B. making whisky.
C. cheating.                                       D. buying and selling land.
2. The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson __________.
A. had no children.                             B. was a strange man.
C. was very fond of children.              D. wanted people to know how rich he was.
3. Many people wrote to Johnson to find out __________.
A. what kind of whisky he had.           B. how to live longer.
C. how to become wealthy.                  D. in which part of the neck to have an injection.
4. The newspaperman ____________.
A. should have reported what Johnson had told him.
B. shouldn‘t have asked Johnson what injection he had.
C. was eager to live a long life.
D. should have found out what Johnson really meant.
5. When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening， he really meant that ______.
A. he liked drinking a glass of whisky in the evening.
B. he needed an injection in the neck.
C. a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well.
D. there was something wrong with his neck.

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　It was Monday. Mrs Smith's dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house.
　　Considering that there was no better way. Mrs Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it:“Give my dog half a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently:“Take this to the butcher(屠夫). and he's going to give you your lunch today.”
　　Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher's. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it carefully, recognized that it was really the lady's handwriting and soon did it as he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once.
　　At noon, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it. he gave it half a pound of meat once more.
　　The next day, the dog came again exactly at noon. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at paper, and gave the dog its meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers
　　But, the dog came again at four o'clock. And the same thing happened once again. To the butcher's more surprise, it came for the third time at six o'clock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled. He said to himself,“This is a small dog. Why does Mrs Smith give it so much meat to eat today?”
　　Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it!
1.Mrs Smith treated her little dog quite_________.
A. cruelly 　　            B. fairly 　　       C. kindly 　　      D. friendly
2.It seemed that the dog knew well that the paper Mrs Smith gave it _______.
A. might do it much harm                   B. could do it much good
C. would help the butcher                   D. was worth many pounds
3. The butcher did not give any meat to the dog __________.
A. before he felt sure that the words were really written by Mrs Smith
B. when he found that the words on the paper were not clear
C. because he had sold out all the meat in his shop
D. until he was paid enough by Mrs Smith
4. From its experience, the dog found that ________.
A. only the paper with Mrs Smith's words in it could bring it meat
B. the butcher would give the meat to it whenever he saw it
C. Mrs Smith would pay for the meat it got from the butcher
D. a piece of paper could bring it half a pound of meat
5.At the end of the story, you'll find that _______.
A. the dog was clever enough to write on the paper
B. the dog dared not go to the butcher's any more
C. the butcher was told not to give any meat to the dog
D. the butcher found himself cheated by the clever animal

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Before coming to France， I always thought that French people wear formal clothes. But， when I arrived in Paris， I came to know why France could remain the lead in world fashion and Paris could attract so many designers from all over the world to come.
On the boulevard of Champs-elysees， there are many fashion shops of famous brands， such as Chanel， Dior， Pierre Cardin. In daily life， however， most of Parisians never wear clothes like those on the super models. On the opposite， I found people in Paris often dress in very simple designs and usually in dark.
Such situation doesn‘t affect French designers to create more and more new styles. But I would say people in Paris dress more formally than those in the rest of France. In other French cities， what people wear are usually casual dresses， such as T-shirts and jeans.
French people act as the fashion leaders， but they accept other clothes styles as well. Montpellier， the city I live in， is in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. Here are many immigrants（移民） from Algeria， Morocco and other African countries. The Arabian and African cultures are influential（有影响的） in this city. Therefore， you can find a lot of young people dress in the North African style.
1. France could remain the lead in world fashion and Paris could attract so many designers from all over the world because             .
A. French people never wear fashionable clothes
B. French designers are creative
C. French people accept fashionable clothes and other styles
D. both B and C
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？
A. The majority of Parisians always wear formal clothes.
B. Most of Parisians never wear fashionable clothes.
C. Parisians usually wear casual dresses like T- shirts and jeans.
D. Most Parisians often dress in simple designs and usually in dark.
3. The underlined part “boulevard of Champs-elysees”possibly is             .
A. a name of a famous street in Paris           B. a name of a famous person in Paris
C. a name of a famous city in France           D. a name of a famous brand in France

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The bike， a black Kona 18 speed， was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work， putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries （食品杂货）， saving us from having to walk along long distances from where we live.
I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that， several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike， then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.
People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another， but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity （人性） as a whole. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we， too， can share with others. No matter how big or how small， an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.
1. Why was the bike so important to the couple？
A. They used it for work and daily life.                 B. It was their only possession(财产).
C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed.                         D. The man‘s job was bike racing.
2. We can infer from the passage that __________.
A. the couple worked 60 hours a week            B. people were busy before Christmas
C. the stranger brought over the bike                  D. life was hard for the young family
3. How did people get to know the couple‘s problem？
A. From a stranger.                                             B. From a newspaper.
C. From TV news                                             D. From radio broadcasts.
4. What do the couple learn from their experience？
A. Strangers are usually of little help.          B. One should take care of their bike.
C. News reports make people famous.         D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.
5. From this story， we can see humanity is __________.
A. selfish                     B. commercial            C. kind                  D. cold-hearted

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Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees, so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.
1.The most important points of trees to man is ________.
A. they help him to make money               B. they give him cool
C. they give him wood and other things       D. they help him to stop drought and floods
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B. new trees are not well looked after
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D. all the above
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A. roots of trees break up the soil
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4.Which title best fits the passage?
A. Trees and Man                                      B. The Function of Tree Wood
C. How do People do with Trees?                  D. The Usage of Tree Roots

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