The twin towns of LAUFEN/OBERNDORF
Laufen owes its former economical and cultural significance to the river Salzach,which forms a peninsula with its sharp curves（弯） there.
Laufen’s economic boom began with the salt trade and the shipping on the river.The salt—mainly coming from Hallein and Bad Reichenhall—was loaded onto bigger ships downstream,which made Laufen one of the most important ports of shipment for salt in Salzburg and Bavaria.
The archbishop（大教主） of Salzburg had given special privileges to the people who were involved in the shipping of salt on the river Salzach.
The Napoleonic Wars brought occupation and serious disturbances.They brought the sudden end to the independent state of the Duke—Archbishop of Salzburg.The end of the 18th century brought a decrease in shipping because of the general economic situation.On the 1st May 1816 Salzburg definitively became a part of Austria （Munich agreement） that’s why the Salzach became the border between Bavaria and Austria.Laufen’s suburbs Oberndorf and Altach were divided up.The number of inhabitants fell from 1392 to 809.Even the re－unification of the two towns’shipsmen’s guilds（行会） and the reorganization of 1928 could not prevent the decline of shipping which finally came to an end in the late 19th century.________played an important role in Laufen’s economy and culture life.
| A．Salt | B．Shipment | C．Guilds | D．Theriver Salzach |
The underlined word“boom”probably means________.
| A．pleasant sounds | B．sudden increase | C．sudden decrease | D．trade |
The main idea of this passage is mainly about ________.
| A．how the economy declined in Laufen |
| B．the effects of The Napoleonic Wars |
| C．how the twin towns of LAUFEN and OBERNDORF came into being |
| D．the history of Salzburg |
When we think of leadership,we often think of strength and power.But what are these really,and how do they operate?
Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things.If this is even possible,it is short-term,and tends to backfire.If you order someone to do something against their will,they may do it because they feel they must,but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term.They will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down,making the person unable to function at his or her best.If they associate you with this emotion(情绪) of fear,they will become less functional around you,and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot,but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively.Fear has no place in leadership.
The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character and our understanding and use of emotion.We can order someone to do something,which may be part of the work day;or we can employ them at the emotional level,so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation(积极性).Today’s work place is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker.Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like.Leaders understand the way things work.They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor(因素)in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence—knowing your own emotions,and how to handle them,and those of others,Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you,which is the key to the leadership skills.
An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when .
| A．he is forced to do things |
| B．he cannot work at his best |
| C．he feels his brain shut down |
| D．he thinks of his work as too heavy |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．People tend to associate leadership with fear. |
| B．Working conditions affect people’s physical health. |
| C．Good relationship is the key to business success. |
| D．Smart people are more functional in the work place. |
To positively influence employees,a leader should first of all .
| A．provide better suggestions |
| B．develop his own personality |
| C．give his employees a pay raise |
| D．hide his own emotion of fear |
Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to .
| A．provide a variety of projects for employees |
| B．help raise employees’ living standards |
| C．give employees specific instructions |
| D．deal wisely with employees’ emotions |
I recently turned fifty,which is young for a tree,midlife for an elephant,and ancient for a sportsman.Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit,but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me.Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age,but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.
A few days ago,a friend tried to cheer me up by saying,“Fifty is what forty used to be.”He had made an inspirational point.Am I over the hill?People keep telling me that the hill has been moved,and I keep telling them that the high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet I once easily cleared to the four feet that is impossible for me now.
“You’re not getting older,you’re getting better,”says Dr.Joyce Brothers.This,however,is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.
And so,as I approach the day when I cannot even jump over the tennis net,I am moved to share some thoughts on aging with you.I am moved to show how aging feels to me physically and mentally.Getting older,of course,is obviously a better change than the one that brings you eulogies(悼词).In fact,a poet named Robert Browning considered it the best change of all:
Grow old along with me!
The best is yet to be.
Whether or not Browning was right,most of my first fifty years have been golden ones,so I will settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by.I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend(混合)of both fighting and accepting my aging,hoping that the philosopher(哲学家)was right when he said.“Old is always fifteen years from now.”The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that .
| A．time alone will tell |
| B．time goes by quickly |
| C．time will show what is right |
| D．time makes one forget the past |
When the author turned fifty,people around him .
| A．tried to comfort him |
| B．got inspirations from him |
| C．were friendlier with him |
| D．found him more talkative |
The author considers his fifty years of life .
| A．peaceful | B．ordinary | C．satisfactory | D．regretful |
We can infer from the passage that .
| A．the old should lead a simple life |
| B．the old should face the fact of aging |
| C．the old should take more exercise |
| D．the old should fill themselves with curiosity |
Charles Blackman:Alice in Wonderland
An Exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria(NGV),Australia
10 June-12 August 2007
Venue(地点) The Ian Potter Centre
Admission Free entry
Charles Blackman is famous for his beautiful paintings of dreams.In 1956,he heard for the first time Lewis Carroll’s extraordinary tale of Alice in Wonderland—the story of a Victorian girl who falls down a rabbit hole,meets a lot of funny characters and experiences all kinds of things.At that time,Blackman’s wife was suffering from progressive blindness.The story of Alice moving through the strange situations,often disheartened by various events,was similar to his wife’s experiences.It also reflected so much of his own life.All this contributed to the completion of the Alice in Wonderland paintings.
Illustrator Workshop
Go straight to the experts for an introductory course in book illustration(插图).The course includes an introduction to the process of illustration and its techniques,workshop exercises and group projects.
Dates Sunday 17 June&Sunday 5Aug,10 am-1pm
Venue Gas Works Arts Park
Wonderful World
Celebrate the exhibition and Children’s Book Week with special activities just for the day,including a special visit from Alice and the White Rabbit.
Date Sunday 24 June,11 am-4 pm
Venue Exhibition Space,Level 3
Topsy-Turvy
Visit the exhibition or discover wonderful curiosities in artworks in the NGV Collection and make a magic world in a box.Alice and the White Rabbit will be with you.Walt Disney’s Alice in Wonderland will be screened.
Dates Sunday 8,15,22,29 July,and Tuesday 24-Friday 27 July,12 noon-3pm
Venue Theatre,NGV Australia
Drawing Workshop
Distortions of scale(比例失真)can make artworks strange but interesting.Find out how Charles Blackman distorted scale in his paintings to create a curious world,then experiment with scale in your own drawings.More information upon booking.
Date Friday 27 July,10:30 am-3 pm
Venue Foyer,Level 3Charles Blackman’s paintings come from .
| A．his admiration for Lewis Carroll |
| B．his dream of becoming a famous artist |
| C．his wish to express his own feelings |
| D．his eagerness to cure his wife’s illness |
Which two activities can you participate in on the same day?
| A．Illustrator Workshop and Wonderful World. |
| B．Illustrator Workshop and Drawing Workshop. |
| C．Wonderful World and Topsy-Turvy. |
| D．Topsy-Turvy and Drawing Workshop. |
To understand the Alice in Wonderland paintings,you should go to .
| A．Exhibition Space,Level 3 | B．Gas Works Arts Park |
| C．Theatre,NGV Australia | D．Foyer,Level 3 |
Activities concerning children’s books are to be held .
| A．on June 24,2007 | B．on July 15,2007 |
| C．on July 27,2007 | D．on August 5,2007 |
The Book of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species(物种)，and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other living things covering the planet,it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.
A soon-to-be-started Web site might help.An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia(百科全书) of Life(EoL).The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases(数据库) that already exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help.Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where.To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it.
As the EoL develops,you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature(以……为特色)_____special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods.Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age,and knowledge.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new fool will speed up that process.The Web based EoL aims to _______.
| A．find out what covers the earth |
| B．list all living things on Earth |
| C．work out the number of birds |
| D．save the existing plants |
One characteristic of the EoL is that _______.
| A．it is run by school students |
| B．it focuses on different types of grass |
| C．it provides different levels of information |
| D．it allows non-scientists to review its data |
In the last paragraph,“that process”means _______.
| A．analyzing species | B．creating a new tool |
| C．collecting data | D．describing species |
EXERCISE IN EXACTLY 4 MINUTES PER DAY！
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TIME IS IT.Over 92% of people who own exercise equipment and 88% of people who own health club memberships do not exercise.A 4-minute complete workout is no longer hard to believe for all the people who have bought our excellent Range of Motion machine(ROM) since 1990.Over 97% of people who rent our ROM for 30 days end up buying it,due to the health benefits experienced during that tryout and the ROM performance score that tells the story of health and fitness improvement.At under 20 cents per use,the 4-minute ROM exercise is the least expensive full body complete exercise a person can do.How do we know that it is under 20 cents per use?Over 90% of ROM machines go to private homes,but we have a few that are in commercial use for 12 years and they have endured over 80,000 uses each,without need of repair.The ROM 4-minute workout is for people from 10 to over 100 years old and highly trained athletes as well.The ROM balances blood sugar,and repairs bad backs and shoulders.Too good to be true?Get our free video and see for yourself.The best proof for us is that 97% of rentals become sales.Please visit our website at www. fitness.com or call(800) 123-6460.
Factory Showroom:ROMFAB.823 Main Street.Baton Rouge,LA70893
Fax:(800)123-6461 Email:sales@fitness.comWhat is ROM?
| A．A piece of exercise equipment. |
| B．A club membership card. |
| C．A commercial health club. |
| D．An electric wheelchair. |
How many people bought ROM after trying it out?
| A．92%. | B．88%. | C．97%. | D．90%. |
One selling point of ROM is that _______.
| A．it makes full body exercise possible in 4 minutes |
| B．it can kill back and shoulder pains in 10 minutes |
| C．it needs no repair in the first 20 years |
| D．it is sold on a 3-month trial basis |
The advertisement is made believable by _______.
| A．telling stories | B．using figures |
| C．making comparisons | D．asking questions |
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