Five million people visit Grand Canyon in the US every year. For the purpose of helping project Grand Canyon for your fellow visitors and future generations, please follow the guidelines below.
Camping
To project the park, camping is allowed only within permitted campgrounds. Permits are required for overnight camping at the North Rim. Advance booking can be received by mail. Please write: Information Center, P.O. Box 129, Grand Canyon, AZ 86023
Fires
Because of the extreme fire danger, campfires are not allowed except at Mather and Desert View campgrounds. Collection of firewood is not allowed either.
Hiking(远足)
Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.
Weather
The weather at Gramd Canyon can change very quickly. With so much rock, lightning(闪电) causes a particular danger during sudden summer storms. These storms also frequently bring floods inside valleys, a danger to hikers. Watch the skies and check daily weather reports.
Wildlife
Do not feed park wildlife. There have been a few cases at Gramd Canyon National Park where deer(鹿) were purposely shot because they are plastic bags that left them sick and weak. Hungry deer can be danger and have kicked and bitten visitors at Grand Canyon. Some other animals will also beg and bite. For your own safety and the well-being of the animals, please do not feed wildlife, no matter how gentle they may appear.What can you do first if you want to go camping?
| A．Know the permitted | B．Book campgrounds in advance |
| C．Make sure not to make a fire | D．Stop at Mather and Desert View |
What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
| A．keep every out of campgrounds |
| B．take away everything you bring in |
| C．carry all the necessary food |
| D．look after your personal belongings |
Why were some deer killed on purpose at Grand Canyon?
| A．They ate wrong things and became very ill. |
| B．They were a danger to other gentle animals. |
| C．They begged food from visitors. |
| D．They kicked and bit visitors. |
What is the main purpose of the text?
| A．To provide travel information | B．To report some recent news. |
| C．To teach tourists hiking skills | D．To introduce the wild life |
第三部分：阅读理解（共13小题；每小题2分，满分26分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
56. The writer of this passage must be ______.
A. an American B. a Chinese C. a professor D. a student
57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
B. Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
C. Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D. Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
58. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ______.
A. warmly welcomed at the airport B. offered a ride to his home
C. treated hospitably at his home D. treated to dinner in a restaurant
59. The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ______.
A. strict with time B. serious with time C. careful with time D. willing to spend time
60. A suitable title for this passage would probably be “______”.
A. Friendships between Chinese B. Friendships between Americans
C. Americans’ hospitality D. Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendships
D 
It was Sunday morning. All the summer world was bright and fresh, and full of life. There was cheer on every face and a spring in every step. Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt Polly. He looked at it, and all joy left him. The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down. He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The thought burned him like fire. He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets—nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea. At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash. While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. As he walked along, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said “Ding-Dong-Dong”, “Ding-Dong-Dong” again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped.Tom went on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: "Hello! I’m going swimming, but you can’t go, can you?” No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Tom's mouth watered for the apple, but he kept on working. Ben said, "Hello, old fellow, you’ve got to work, hey?" Tom turned suddenly and said, "Why, it's you, Ben! I wasn't noticing." "Say — I'm going swimming. Don't you wish you could? But of course you’d rather work — wouldn't you? Of course you would." Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said "What do you call work?" "Why, isn't that work?" Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered casually, "Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn't. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer." "Oh come, now, you don't mean to say that you like it?" The brush continued to move. "Like it? Well, I don't see why I shouldn’t like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?" Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said, "Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little." Tom thought for a moment, was about to agree; but he changed his mind: "No — no — it won’t do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I don’t think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough." "No — is that so? Oh come, now —let me just try. Only just a little." "Ben, I'd like to, but if it isn’t done right, I’m afraid Aunt Polly— " "Oh, I'll be careful. Now let me try. Say -- I'll give you the core（核心）of my apple." "Well, here — No, Ben, now don't. I'm afraid —" "I'll give you all of it." Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a kite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought in for a dead rat — and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company -- and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If he hadn't run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends. He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get. 68．Tom was about to agree to let Ben whitewash when he changed his mind because ______ . A. Tom wanted to do the whitewashing by himself B. Tom was unwilling to let Ben do the whitewashing C. Tom was afraid Ben would do the whitewashing better D. Tom didn’t want to let Ben do the whitewashing before he made him give up his apple first 69．The underlined word “casually” is most similar to “______” in meaning. A. carelessly B. delightedly C. seriously D. angrily 70．We can learn from the passage that ______ . A. Tom was interested in whitewashing the fence. B. Tom had a lot of friends who are ready to help others. C. Tom was unwilling to whitewash the fence, but he managed to let other boys do it for him D. Tom was good at whitewashing the fence, so he looked at the result of his work with the eye of an artist.
C
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
64. Which of the following is Right according to the first paragraph?
A. People would not be able to tell the texture of objects.
B. People would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them.
C. $10 million is equal to $10 in a world without emotions.
D. There would be full of lies, arguments and violence.
65. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _______.
A. the ability to make money B. the capacity to work
C. the stimulus to work D. the categorizations of our emotional experiences
66. Why are the emotional aspects of an object more important than its physical aspects?
A. They help society use its members for profit.
B. They encourage us to perform important tasks.
C. They help to perfect the legal and penal system.
D. They help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us.
67. What is the text mainly about?
A. People could only live in a world with emotions.
B. People would always do bad things in the emotionless world.
C. Emotions are very important in the world.
D. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways.
B
As I was reading a recent story in Slate on 20-somethings complaining about how the economy was ruining their life plans, I couldn’t help but think the 20-somethings sounded like a bunch of spoiled children who grew up expecting everything to be easy for them. As a 20-something myself, I certainly share their disappointment: my husband and I probably won’t be able to buy a house until we’re in our 40s, and we too are burdened by student loans (贷款). But why should it be any different? Being young persons in America, shouldn’t they take up all of the challenges and opportunities that this country offers?
Consider some of these views shared in the Slate story: Jennifer, 29, owner of a two-bedroom apartment with her husband, worries that she won’t be able to have children for at least a decade because they can’t afford to buy a house yet.
I read that, and I thought, what planet is she living on where you need to own a house in order to have kids? Has she ever visited a developing country, or even downtown areas in this one? Home ownership is a luxury (奢华), not a fertility requirement.
A 26-year-old in the story despairs that he can’t afford to get a Ph.D. in literature. Well, that sounds a bit like expressing disappointment that no one will pay you to write poetry on the beach in Thailand for five years.
Yes, it’s sad that these young people feel so lost. But I think the problem is their extremely high expectations, not economic reality. Beth Kobliner, author of Get a Financial Life: Personal Finance in Your Twenties and Thirties, says that she thinks people’s expectations are slowly adjusting, but today’s 20-somethings grew up at a time when everyone’s wealth appeared to be expanding. Their parents probably saw their home values rise along with their investments. “So you have people who have grown up in an environment where people had great expectations of what living well means,” says Kobliner.
This recession (衰退) will certainly play a role in forcing those expectations into more realistic group. In the meantime, it seems a lot better for our mental health to focus on being grateful --- for our one-bedroom apartments, for living in modern cities, or perhaps just for being able to eat three meals a day --- than on longing for some kind of luxury life.
60. What makes the author think the 20-somethings sound like a bunch of spoiled children?
A. They expect everything to be easy for them.
B. They complain that the economy is spoiling their life plans.
C. They are reluctant to face all of the challenges.
D. They are burdened by student loans.
61. The underlined word “fertility” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. baby production B. pleasant C. baby comfort D. essential
62. What’s the author’s attitude towards the 20-somthings with high expectation in Paragraph 5?
A. Intolerant. B. Negative. C. Unbelieving. D. Understanding.
63. What is the best title for this passage?
A. How Young People Afford to Continue Their Study
B. Why Young People Can’t Afford to Buy a House
C. When Young People’s High Hopes Create Despair
D. What the 20-somethings’ High Expectations Are
第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A Scholars and researchers have tried to discover what personality characteristics go along with success in intercultural experiences. Their findings have often been unclear or incomplete. But three characteristics stand out in their reports: patience, a sense of humor, and the awareness of being unclear. Patience, of course, is the ability to keep calm even when things do not go as one wants them to, or hopes they will, or has even been sure they will. Impatience sometimes brings improvements in relations with other people, but usually it does not. A person with a sense of humor is less likely to take things too seriously and more ready to see the humor in his own reactions than a humorless person. The value of a sense of humor really needs to be paid more attention to. “The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept than patience or a sense of humor. Foreigners often find themselves in situations that are unclear to the newcomers. That is, they do not know what is happening in the situation. Perhaps they do not understand the local language well enough, or they do not know how some system or organization works, or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on. “It’s like I just got here from the moon,” a Chinese graduate student who newly arrived in the United States said, “things are just so different here. ”56. The passage mainly tells us_____. A. some problems about communication.
B. humor- an important thing in communication. C. some characteristics in communicating with foreigners. D. three useful ways of communicating with foreigners. 57. From the third paragraph, we can infer that a humorous person_____. A. tends to treat everything carelessly B. is optimistic about things. C. likes making fun of others. D. is an impatient one .58. The underlined part “The awareness of being unclear” refers to “_______”. A. knowing the meaning of an exact situation. B. not stating clearly what happens. C. realizing the possible misunderstanding D. being aware of the unclear situations. 59. What can we know from the passage? A. It is necessary to learn a language before you go abroad. B Americans are used to the culture of other countries. C. Patience usually improves the relationship with others. D. To live in a foreign land, one should get fully prepared.
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