Scientists are looking for ways that we can effectively use the light and heat from the sun. One idea that has caught their imagination is solar roads. They are expected to produce clean and renewable energy.
With solar panels on the surfaces, solar roads cost more than traditional roads. However, besides the functions of traditional roods, they have the panels to receive sunlight and change it into the energy to supply power to homes, factories and street lighting. There are four layers in a solar panel:
•Base layer: It is made of insulation material and forms a good grip with the road below this layer.
•Middle layer: This is the most important layer. It holds all kinds of power lines connecting all the solar parts in the panel, like LED lights and the heating system.
•Top layer: This layer is super-strong glass. It allows the panel to hold the weight of the heaviest vehicles.
•Capping: This is the topmost layer used to offer extra protection to the solar parts in the panel. The layer must be rough enough to provide the traction for the safety of vehicles.
With the smart design, solar roads can successfully charge the vehicles on them. And the roads have inbuilt LED lights to replace the traditional rood signs and lines, which are usually painted and harmful to humans. What’s more, the heating systems in the solar roads can take care of the snow and ice on the roads for drivers.
Test solar roads have been built in several countries (France, China, USA, etc.) since 2014. The first word solar road project, Metrics of Watt Way in France, was set up by a French company called Construction Colas. It was an example of low effectiveness. In the first year, it had been expected to produce around 767 kWh of energy a day, but it only produced 409 kWh. Even so, the production could increase with design improvements. Of course, more time is needed before this technology is put into use.
Solar roads may not be widely used in the near future, but they are indeed great for an environment-friendly and energy-saving world.
（1）Solar roads ＿＿＿＿＿.
| A． |
offer power to homes |
B． |
get energy from factories |
| C． |
keep the sunlight away |
D． |
cost less than traditional roods |
（2）Which of the following about the layers of a solar panel is TRUE according to the passage?
| A． |
The base layer is the most important layer. |
| B． |
There are many power lines in the middle layer. |
| C． |
The top layer lies on the top of the solar panel. |
| D． |
The capping should be smooth enough for drivers. |
（3）The first world solar road project ＿＿＿＿＿.
| A． |
was set up in China in 2014 |
B． |
showed high effectiveness as expected |
| C． |
was started by a US company |
D． |
could get better with design improvements |
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
| A． |
Solar Roads: A Widely Used Invention |
| B． |
Solar Roads: A Safety Guard for Drivers |
| C． |
Solar Roads: A New Idea for Clean Energy |
| D． |
Solar Roads: A Way to Produce LED Lights |
阅读理解
A
How old do you have to be to invent something：ten，twenty，or thirty years old？How about older？Don’t tell K．K．Gregory that．When she was ten(1994)，she made her invention，called Wristies．
While playing out in the snow，her arms were starting to hurt because they were cold．She made a warm fingerless(不分手指的)cover that kept her hands and arms warm．She could wear them under her coat．She shared her idea with a few other people，and they liked it．
She applied for a patent(申请专利)on her idea．Perhaps Kathryn’s biggest problem was that adults didn’t take her seriously．They thought that the idea must have been her mother’s．
Some people gave Kathryn some good advice．They told her to weal her Wristies so people would see them and ask what they were．By telling people the name of her invention，she was building a brand．Starting business at the age of ten may be not easy for a ten-year-old girl．I hope she can ceed．Good luck，K．K．Gregory！
1．K．K．Gregory invented Wristies to________．
| A．play with snow |
| B．keep her feet warm |
| C．prevent her hands and arms from cold |
| D．stop her arms from getting hurt |
Some adults________．
| A．didn’t like her invention |
| B．thought Gregory’s mother had invented Wristies |
| C．applied for a patent for Gregory |
| D．thought Gregory was too serious |
According to the last paragraph we can know many people________about Wristies．
| A．didn’t know much |
| B．could tell a lot |
| C．shared her idea |
| D．did nothing |
The underlined word“brand”may mean“________”in Chinese．
| A．住所 |
| B．公司 |
| C．品牌 |
| D．名字 |
Which of the following is WRONG？
| A．Gregory was bom in 1984． |
| B．Many people liked Wristies． |
| C．People gave Gregory some suggestions． |
| D．Gregory had no difficulty with business． |
C
“Find a job you love，and you’ll never work a day in your life．”Do you agree with this old saying？Joanne Gordon does．She is the author of Be Happy at Work and other books about careers(职业)．Gordon believes that about 30％ of employees(雇员)in North America do not like their jobs，and she thinks that is terrible．She wants to help people who do not feel satisfied(满意)with their jobs find work that is good for them．Joanne says，“There are no happy jobs，only happy workers．”She believes that happy workers share three main characteristics(特点)．
First，happy workers enjoy the daily activities of their jobs，and they look forward to the workday．Take Tony Hawk，for example．At age 14，he became a professional skateboarder．Now he is a businessman working on projects related to skateboarding—films and video games，but he still skates every day．He once said．“My youngest son’s preschool class was recently asked what their dads do for work．My son said，‘I’ve never seen my dad do work．’”Tony agrees that his job doesn’t look like work．He has found a way to spend each day doing a job he enjoys．
Second，happy workers like the people they work with．Sally Ayote says，“I work with the coolest people in the world．”She and her group cook for almost 1，200 people in Antarctica．Most of these people are scientists who are doing research．Sally loves to sit and talk with them．She says，“There is no television here，no radio，so I get to know the scientists and what they’re studying．”Sally thinks she has a great job，and the best part about it is the people．
Third，happy workers know that their work helps others．Caroline Baron’s work helps people who have had to leave their home countries because of war or other dangers．She is a filmmaker who started an organization called FilmAid，which shows movies in refugee(难民)camps around the world．Caroline believes that movies can be very helpful in these camps．For one thing，entertaining movies let refugees forget their troubles for a little while．Movies can also teach important subjects like health and safety．For example，in one camp，thousands of refugees saw a movie about how to get clean water．Caroline knows that she is helping other people，and this makes her feel proud and happy about her work．
Tony Hawk，Sally Ayote，and Caroline Baron all get great satisfaction from their work．Tony Hawk says，“Find the thing you love．If you are doing what you love，there is much more happiness there than being rich or famous．”Joanne Gordon would agree．She encourages people to find something they enjoy doing，find people they like to work with，and find ways to help others．Then they can be proud of what they do，and they will probably be happy at work．Who is the book，Be Happy at Work，written for？
| A．Joanne Gordon herself． |
| B．Tony Hawk，Sally Ayote，and Caroline Baron． |
| C．People who do not feel satisfied with their jobs． |
| D．The workers who agree with the author’s ideas． |
Joanne Gordon believes that________．
| A．difficult jobs are terrible |
| B．there are no happy jobs，only happy workers |
| C．rich and famous people have much more happiness than workers |
| D．only about one third of the employees in North America like their jobs |
Why did Tony Hawk’s son say，“I’ve never seen my dad do work．”？
| A．Because Tony Hawk’s job doesn’t look like work． |
| B．Because the best part about his job is to spend each day skating． |
| C．Because Tony helps people forget their troubles while skating． |
| D．Because Tony Hawk always finds something else he enjoys doing． |
Tony Hawk，Sally Ayote，and Caroline Baron are good examples that show us________．
| A．how to be a successful businessman |
| B．how to help people in difficulties |
| C．how to get along with the coolest people |
| D．how to become a happy worker |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
| A．The author of Be Happy at Work thinks that happiness at work is really important． |
| B．The writer of the passage tells us that many different kinds of work can be enjoyable． |
| C．Some people believe that only a few kinds of jobs can really make people feel happy． |
| D．Joanne Gordon believes that people will probably be happy at work when they are proud of what they do． |
B
When I was 13 years old，a boy gave me an important gift．It was a smile．
It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school，and my old school was far away．As a result，no one knew who I was．I was very lonely，and afraid to make friends with anyone．
Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing，I felt my heart break．I couldn’t talk to anyone about my problem，and I didn’t want my parents to worry about me．
Then one day，my classmates talked happily with their friends，but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual．At that moment，a boy entered the classroom．I didn’t know who he was．He passed me and then turned back．He looked at me and，without a word，smiled．
Suddenly，I felt the touch of something bright and friendly．It made me feel happy，lively and warm．
That smile changed my life．I started to talk with the other students and made friends．Day by day，I became closer to everyone in my class．The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now．
One day，I asked him why he smiled，but he couldn’t remember smiling at me！
It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone．Now I believe that the world is what you think it is．If you think you are lonely，you might always be alone．So smile at the world and it will smile back．Why was the smile an important girl？
| A．Because the writer’s old school was far away． |
| B．Because the smile didn’t mean anything to the boy． |
| C．Because the writer didn’t know who the boy was． |
| D．Because it made the writer feel happy，lively and warm． |
The writer couldn’t talk to anyone in her new school about her problem because________．
| A．she was always unhappy |
| B．she didn’t have any friends there |
| C．she was in the first year at a junior high school |
| D．she didn’t want her parents to worry about her |
How did the smile change the writer’s life？
| A．She started to make friends． |
| B．She became best friends with the boy． |
| C．Her parents didn’t worry about her any more． |
| D．She realized that she was lonely． |
Where does the writer now think her feeling of unhappiness come from？
| A．From her old school． |
| B．From her parents． |
| C．From herseIf |
| D．From her classmates at the new school． |
Which of the following is TRUE from the passage？
| A．The boy still remembered why he smiled at me． |
| B．Nobody knew me at the beginning of my first year at a junior high school． |
| C．I felt very happy when I heard the other students talking and laughing． |
| D．Now I don’t think that the world is what you think it is． |
阅读理解
A
Two years ago，my family moved to a new city and I had to study in a new school．As I had few friends there．I felt lonely．Then I met Tony．The first time I saw him．he was standing in the center of a group of students，telling jokes．The children around laughed from time to time．Tony knew about my problem．He asked me to play basketball with his friends and helped me with my studies．We soon became good friends．
About a year ago，however，Tony's father was killed in an accident．As a result，his family had to move to a small house．Tony changed into a different person．He became silent and he even lost his interest in studies．Several times．I invited him to go out and play basketball with me，but he refused．I wanted to help him，but didn't know what to do．
Then something strange happened in my class．Two classmates lost the money in their schoolbags．
Last Friday，just before the P．E．lesson，I went back to the classroom to get my running shoes I would use．The door was half open．I went in．To my astonishment，I saw Tony was searching one of my classmates'schoolbags．I was shocked…
| 1． |
What kind of boy was Tony at the beginning of the story？
|
| 2． |
Why did the writer become friends with Tony？
|
| 3． |
What caused the change of Tony？
|
| 4． |
How did the writer feel when he saw Tony's change？
|
| 5． |
The underlined word"astonishment"means________．
|
C
Some people have a very poor sense of direction．Unluckily，I am one of them．I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time．
When I was a little girl，I never dared ask strangers the way．So I used to walk round in circles and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to．
Now，I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions，but I often receive helpless or even wrong informarion．So I try to avoid giving people wrong directions．If anyone asks me the way to somewhere，I always say，“Sorry，I am a stranger here．”
Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man．He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building．I gave him my usual reply．But just as I walked on only a few steps，I realized that he had asked the way to my office building．However，I had no time to turn back and look for him．I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn’t want to keep him waiting．
When I just got to my office，the secretary showed in the man who had asked me for directions．Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the first sight！The writer always refuses to give people directions because________．
| A．she’s a stranger to the city |
| B．she doesn’t know the people |
| C．she has no time to help others |
| D．she’s afraid of giving wrong directions |
A man stopped the writer on the way to________．
| A．sell her something |
| B．ask for the time |
| C．make friends with her |
| D．ask for the direction |
The Friendship Building is the place where the writer________．
| A．lives |
| B．studies |
| C．works |
| D．teaches |
The word“embarrassed”in the last paragraph means________．
| A．尴尬的 |
| B．困惑的 |
| C．激动的 |
| D．拮据的 |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
| A．The writer is too shy to give others directions． |
| B．The writer has a very poor sense of direction． |
| C．The writer never got lost when she was young． |
| D．The man was quite nervous when he saw the writer． |
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