How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts， they imagine the end product， the beautiful painting， a wonderful piece of music， or an award﹣winning performance in the theater． But arts groups bring broader value to our communities． The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged．
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy． Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists， technical experts， managers， musicians， or writers to create an appealing piece of art． These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills．
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event． "If you build it they will come" is a misleading belief． Painters， digital media experts， photographers， booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event． According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition， arts agencies employ more than 10，000 people as full﹣or part﹣time employees or independent contractors．
A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community． In 2005， when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town， the location was considered a poor area of town． After investing more than﹩1 million in reconstructing the building， we began producing a full season of theater performances， jazz concerts， and year﹣round arts education programs in 2008． Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District．
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth． Today， there are galleries， studios， restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences， where there is renewed life and energy． In this way， arts and culture also serve as a public good．
Teco Theatrical Productions Inc． made use of Bloomberg's investment of﹩35，000 to get nearly﹩400，000 in public and private sector support during the two﹣year period． Further， Dallas arts and arts﹣based businesses produce﹩298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities． In Philadelphia， a metro area smaller than Dallas， the arts have an economic impact of almost﹩3 million and support 44，000 jobs， 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry， including accountants， marketers， construction workers， hotel managers， printers， and other kinds of art workers．
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported， the entire small﹣business community benefits．
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit． But in order to stay in business， arts groups must produce returns． If you are a student studying the arts， chances are you have been ill﹣advised to have a plan B． But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities．
Arts as an economic driver |
Our communities （1） from arts in terms of economy． |
（2） of arts' promoting our economy |
Arts activity demands a（n） （3） effort． It involves creation， performance， and （4） ． ◆Artists make a living through their creative work． ◆Others get paid by marketing the event． |
Arts have a gradually spreading （5） ． They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts． ◆Besides tickets， some jazz lovers will pay their （6） to and from the events． ◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy． |
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Investment in arts could produce potential （7） economic results． ◆TeCo used a ﹩35，000 art investment to attract an overall support of ﹩400，000． ◆In Dallas， one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly﹩300． ◆In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35，000 job opportunities for workers （8） arts industry． |
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Art students making a good living |
With these （9） in mind， art students need not worry about their career and have a（n） （10） plan． |
The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop
Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fox, who is______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine
______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, _____ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by _____. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far
______ (appropriate)
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,
______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.
Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution______these villages without a local shop.
My Stay in New York
After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, ______I might have a better chance to find a good job.
______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that
______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.
Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that
______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps
______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned
______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
阅读下面的短文并用英语回答1～5问题，（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.
[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.
[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ____________. Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.
[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
| 1． |
What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 12 words)
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| 2． |
What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects? (no more than 10 words)
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| 3． |
Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)
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| 4． |
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( no more than 8 words)
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| 5． |
Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)
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请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分)• Perhaps you're planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.
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