Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas.What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and.on the other hand，cultural development is achieved against nature.However，this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture.Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture，whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort，is part of the development of the human species（物种）.
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle（斗争） against human nature.We are born with wild natures，such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly.Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures；it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt（适应） ，progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half，however，studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation.Consider，for example，hunting（打猎） .It seems to be an adaptation，which allowed humans to move into new and different areas，opening up the opportunity to change living habits.At the same time，the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools，and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons.Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities，such as balancing on one foot.Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance，a key expression of human culture.It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood.Just as snails carry their shell，so do we bring along our culture.However，culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations.We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
（1）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A.Culture belongs to human nature.
B.Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C.Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D.Education pushes the human species to progress.
（2）Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3？
A.To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B.To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C.To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D.To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
（3）The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ".
A.system
B.spread
C.start
D.spirit
（4）What is the writer's opinion on the nature﹣culture relationship？
A.Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B.Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C.Nature and culture are different but connected.
D.Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
Mr. Black is American, but he is in Canada now. He is a tall man with funny glasses. He works in a big city but lives in a town far away. He lives on the twentieth floor of a building. Every morning he gets up early. Then he gets into the lift and it takes him down to the first floor. He runs to the bus stop and catches the early bus. It usually takes him about two hours to get to the factory by bus. Then he gets off the bus and walks into the workshop(车间) quickly. He starts his work at eight in the morning.Mr. Black is from ________.
A. England B. Canada C. AmericaThe city is NOT _______ to the town.
A. far B. near C. fromMr. Black lives on the ________ floor of the building.
A. twenty B. twelfth C. twentiethHow long does it take him to get to the factory from his home?
A. One hour
B. One and a half hours
C. About 120 minutesWhen does he start his work in the morning?
A. At nine
B. At eight
C. At eight to eight
阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分， 满分30 分)
阅读下列三篇语言材料，根据语言材料的内容，从A、 B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。A
| FM 90.0MHz (all stereo) |
FM 97.4 MHz (all stereo) |
| 15:00 Beijing Opera（选段) 16:00 Football News 16:30 Popular CD 18:00 Chinese Pop Songs Ten 19:30 Radio Songs 20:00 China Today |
10:00 Pop Concert(演奏会) 15:30 Children Stories 16:30 Music Saloon(大厅) 17:00 Animal World 20:30 Happy 123 21:00 School Plays |
请阅读以上广播节目后解答下列各题。My brother can listen to Children Stories at ______ of FM 97.4 MHz.
A. 15:30 B. 14:20 C. 18:00Football News comes out _________ .
A. in the morning
B. in the afternoon
C. in the eveningAnimal World means _________ in Chinese.
A. 动漫世界 B. 人与自然 C. 动物世界We can listen to music in _________ ways(途径).
A. three B. four C. fiveMary wants to join the China Today, she should choose______ .
A. FM 97.4 at 20:30
B. FM 90.0 at 20:00
C. AM 628 at 12:30
Experts (专家) say that students usually need eight to ten hours’ sleep at night, but most Chinese students do not get enough sleep. Some Chinese parents are usually glad to see their children studying late. They will think their children work very hard, but not all parents are happy about this. Once a mother told us that every morning her 10-year-old boy put up one finger (手指) with his eyes still closed, begging(请求) for one more minute to sleep. Like thousands of students — “early birds” in China, he has to get up before six every morning.
A report shows that without a good night’s sleep, students seem to be weaker than they should be. Many students have fallen asleep during class at one time or another. Too much homework is not the only reason why students stay up late. Some watch TV or play the computer games late into the night.
Experts have ever said that the students should develop good study habits. So some clever students never study late, they are able to work well in class.The 10-year-old boy begged for one more minute to sleep because _____.
A. he didn’t have enough sleep
B. it wasn’t time for him to get up
C. he didn’t want to go to schoolIn this passage we know if students don’t get enough sleep, they may _____.
A. not work well in class
B. go to bed early
C. be weak in English In this passage “early birds” means — persons who _____.
A. get up early
B. get up late
C. don’t want to sleepThe underlined (下划线的) words in the passage mean _____.
A. watch TV late
B. not go to bed until late
C. stay outsideAccording to the passage, which of the following is Right?
A. If you want to study better, you must work hard at night.
B. Sleeping less means working hard.
C. Students don’t have enough sleep because they have lots of homework to do.
When we do not understand each other’s language, we can talk with the help of signs.
A Frenchman was once travelling in England. He could not speak English at all. One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it and took them out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat.”
The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. He moved his head from side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came with a cup of coffee, but the man again refused it. He shook his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink, for drinks are not food.
When the man was going away, another man came in. This man saw the waiter, and he put his hand on his stomach. That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table in front of him.
So, you see sometimes we can understand the language of signs as well as the language of words.According to the passage, when people don’t understand each other’s language, they can talk with the help of _____.
A. a waiter
B. an Englishman
C. the signs of their bodiesA Frenchman signed to the waiter _____.
A. to give him some medicine
B. to bring him a cup of coffee
C. to ask him for foodThe waiter brought the Frenchman _____.
A. a cup of tea, a cup of coffee and a lot of other drinks
B. a large plate of meat and vegetables
C. C. nothingAnother man put his hands on his stomach. He means _____.
A. he had a fever
B. he was hungry
C. he had a stomachache From the story, we know _____.
A. people can only understand the language of words
B. people can know both the language of signs and the language of words
C. people can make a waiter understand what they want
阅读理解。（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分。）
In Britain the weather never gets too hot or too cold. There is no difference between summer and winter. Why is this?
Britain has a warm winter and a cool summer because it is an island country. In winter the sea is warmer than the land. The winds from the sea bring warm air to Britain. In summer the sea is cooler than the land. The winds from the sea bring cool air to Britain. The winds from the west blow over Britain all year. They blow from the southwest across the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋). They are wet winds. They bring rain to Britain all year, so Britain has a lot of rainy weather. The west of Britain is wetter than the east. The winds must blow across the high land in the west.What’s the weather like in Britain?
A. It’s neither too hot nor too cold.
B. It’s too hot.
C. It’s very cold. When do the winds bring cool air to Britain?
A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn.Why is the weather in summer and in winter almost the same?
A. Because there is no difference between summer and winter.
B. Because the sea is around this country.
C. Because there are winds from the high land.Which of the following is Right?
A. There is more rain in the east than in the west.
B. There is more rain in the west than in the east.
C. There is no rain in the east. This passage mainly tells us the _____ in Britain.
A. language B. food C. weather
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