When he was nine years old， American boy Milo Cress had a question： How many plastic straws（吸管） do Americans use every day？
He quickly learned there wasn't a simple answer． The boy tried to work it out himself． Through lots of research， Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day． In hopes of reducing plastic waste， he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011．
Cress started the project in his hometown ﹣ Burlington， Vermont． He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order． It was a simple change． However， it would save money． And by doing that， the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent．
For the years that followed， Cress tried to spread his project across the United States． More and more restaurants agreed to join． They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one． Last April， Seattle became the first American city to completely ban （ 禁 止 ） plastic straws．
Plastic pollution has been one of the most serious problems today． According to scientists， more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year． Plastic straws are especially terrible． They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single﹣use plastics．
After his project became popular， Cress took his findings on the road． He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world． He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws．
"Focusing（聚焦） on straws is one simple step we all could take，" Cress says． "And it makes me feel that I， as a kid， could make a difference， too．"
（1）When did Milo Cress start to care about the problem of straws？
| A． |
Ten years ago． |
| B． |
In the year 2011． |
| C． |
In the year that he was 9． |
（2）Cress started the Be Straw Free project in order to ．
| A． |
get a good score in science at his school |
| B． |
encourage people to reduce plastic waste |
| C． |
become a famous person in his hometown |
（3）What did Cress ask a restaurant in Burlington to do？
| A． |
Stop offering straws to its customers． |
| B． |
Prevent people from using straws to drink． |
| C． |
Count the number of straws it uses every day． |
（4）Plastic straws are especially terrible because ．
| A． |
they are the most serious problem today |
| B． |
scientists pay little attention to their influence |
| C． |
they help people get used to using single﹣use plastics |
（5）Over the years， Cress has ．
①spread his project across the United States
②asked Seattle to completely ban plastic bags
③counted the plastic straws in the ocean every year
④spoken to teens around the world about plastic waste
| A． |
①③ |
| B． |
②③ |
| C． |
①④ |
No one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon(外科医生) and part of it is taken out. Today, however, we needn't worry about feeling pain during the operation. The sick person falls into a kind of sleep, and when he awakes, the operation is finished. But these happy conditions are fairly new. It is not many years since a man who had to have an operation felt all its pain.
Long ago, operations had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everything. The sick man had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best for him. He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off, and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched.
Soon after 1770, Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called "laughing gas". Laughing gas became known in America. Young men and women went to parties to try it. Most of them spent their time laughing, but one man at a party, Horace Wells, noticed that people didn't seem to feel pain when they were using this gas. He decided to make an experiment on himself. He asked a friend to help him.
Wells took some of the gas, and his friend pulled out one of Well's teeth. Wells felt no pain at all. As he didn't know enough about laughing gas, he gave a man less gas than he should have. The man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out.
Wells tried again, but this time he gave too much of the gas, and the man died. Wells never forgot this terrible event.It is ____ since a man being operated felt all the pain.
| A．a few more years | B．not very long |
| C．few years | D．two thousand years |
Long ago, when the sick man was operated on, he ____.
| A．could feel nothing | B．could not want anything |
| C．could feel all the pain | D．could do anything |
Using the laughing gas, the people did not seem to ____.
| A．be afraid of anything | B．feel pain |
| C．want to go to the parties | D．be ill |
If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on, he ____.
| A．felt nothing | B．felt very comfortable |
| C．still felt pain | D．would die |
65. One who took too much of the laughing gas ____.
| A．would laugh all the time | B．would die |
| C．would never feel again | D．would be very calm |
America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon. They don’t feel hurt. If the same two people meet again, even years later, they pick up the friendship .This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand .Friendships between us develop more slowly but may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)deeply into both families.
There is another difficult point for us to understand .Although Americans treat friends warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to them if it requires a great deal of time. But in China, we are usually generous with our time. We, as hosts, will appear at an airport even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take day off from our work to act as guides to our friends. It is opposite in America, Americans can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily plans. They will probably expect the visitors to get themselves from the airport to the hotels. And they expect the visitors will phone them from there. Once the visitors arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real.
For Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to restaurants, except for business matters. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. So accept their hospitality(好客)at home and enjoy your visit in America!The underlined phrase “pick up” in Paragraph 1 may mean “_______”.
| A．keep out | B．give up |
| C．pay no attention to | D．continue |
Which of the following is the typical (典型的)way of American hospitality?
| A．Treating friends at home. |
| B．Taking days off to be with friends. |
| C．Meeting friends at the airport at midnight. |
| D．Sharing everything they have. |
Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?
| A．Americans are always generous with their time. |
| B．Americans don’t feel hurt if their friendships disappear soon. |
| C．Chinese friendships develop more slowly but will never disappear. |
| D．Chinese friendships are more sincere than American friendships. |
The way that Americans and Chinese treat friendship are different, how many differences are mentioned in the passage?
A Two B. Three C. Four D. FiveThis passage is most probably written for _______.
| A．American students |
| B．Chinese students |
| C．Chinese visitors to America |
| D．American visitors to China |
James is a good student and he has lots of friends，but he also has a problem. Some older boys are bullying(欺负)him at school. James is very unhappy and he doesn't know what to do about it. Here are some suggestions to him and other teenagers in this situation.
Don't feel worried. It's not your fault(过错)! Being bullied can make you feel very lonely and angry，but you are not alone. Don't feel that you have to hide the problem. You should find a person you can trust，and tell them. It might be your teacher，your parents，or even your friend's parents. After you tell someone，you will get some support and feel some relief(解脱).
Speaking to an adult might make you nervous，but here are other things you can do. Some people express their feelings more easily on paper. Write a letter to someone or keep a diary. Include all the details(细节)about what the bullies do, as well as when and where the bullying happens. You can use it as proof to show what is going on. And it is a wonderful idea to show your letter or diary to a teacher or another responsible adult. Then the bullies will feel very afraid if their names appear in a letter!
Also，don't show you are sad and don't try and fight with the bullies. You could get in trouble yourself. Ignore them and just walk away. The bullies will soon stop.What do you think the text is trying to tell us?
| A．What to do about being bullied. |
| B．How to be a good student at school. |
| C．What to write well in a diary. |
| D．How to give suggestions to teenagers. |
Why does the text advise you not to feel worried if bullied?
| A．Because you are not alone. |
| B．Because it is not your fault. |
| C．Because someone has known about it. |
| D．Because you' re doing something wrong. |
You'd better go and find a person you can trust and ____.
| A．know what happens | B．learn from them |
| C．ask for help | D．make them lonely |
If you remember and follow the suggestions above, ____.
| A．nobody will speak to the bullies |
| B．everybody will feel some relief |
| C．someone will express their feelings |
| D．the bullies will soon stop |
What does the underlined word "ignore" mean in the text?
| A．take no notice of | B．take care of |
| C．make full use of | D．get more help from |
Bill Gates was born on October 28th, 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washington. Bill Gates was named William Henry after his father and grandfather. He was a very clever boy. His favourite subject at school were science and maths.
When he was 13 years old, Bill started to play with computers. At that time, computers were very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software programme with the old machine. Bill sold it for 4, 200 dollars when he was only 17.
In 1973, Bill went to Harvard University. At Harvard, he developed the BASIC language for the first microcomputer （微型计算机）. In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft. Bill began this company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computer.He developed the BASIC language for the first microcomputer______.
| A．in Seattle | B．in Washington |
| C．in New York | D．at Harvard |
When did he begin Microsoft Company with his friend?______
| A．He was 13 years old. | B．He was 17 years old. |
| C．He was 18 years old. | D．He was 20 years old. |
Why did they develop software for personal computer?______
| A．They thought the computer would be a very important tool. |
| B．They wanted to make it easier for people to use computers. |
| C．They wanted to get much more money. |
| D．They were interested in it. |
Sandwich was an Englishman. He lived in the 18th century(世纪). Sandwich was rich, but he liked to play cards (纸牌) for money. He often played for 24 hours, and didn't even stop to have his meals. He ordered(命令) his servants (仆人) to bring him some meat and bread. He put the meat between the two pieces of bread and held the food in his left hand while he played cards with his right hand. People liked Sandwich’s idea, and from then on they ate bread and meat as Sandwich did.
From the name of the man, Sandwich, we have the word of the food “sandwich” today.Sandwich was the _________.
| A．name of a servant |
| B．name of a man with a lot of money |
| C．poor man who lived on playing cards |
| D．name of food which was liked by the rich |
People liked Sandwich’s idea because_________.
| A．bread, together with meat was cheap |
| B．he always won when he played cards |
| C．they liked Sandwich himself |
| D．when they ate with one of their hands they could do something with the other. |
Today, “sandwich” is __________ .
| A．also a name of a rich man |
| B．two pieces of bread with meat in between |
| C．not interested in playing cards |
| D．not liked by most of the people |
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