Some people ski（滑雪） down mountains．Others climb huge rocks or photograph dangerous animals．Why do people enjoy risky activities like these？
Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good．Psychologist（心理学家）Marvin says that this kind of explorers（探险者） are always looking for change and excitement．When people do something new or risky，a chemical（化学物质） in the brain creates a pleasant feeling．They love this feeling and want to experience itas often as possible．
Other people don't take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal．For example，Mike Fay went on a dangerous 2，000﹣mile special journey in central Africa．He worked to help save the wildlife there．Fay's expeditionshelped create 13 national parks．
For other people，such as extreme athletes（极限运动员），taking risks is part of their job．Sports psychologist Shane says extreme athletes see the world differently．In a dangerous activity，most people probably do not feel in control．Extreme athletes are different：they feel in control in dangerous situations．The danger can even help them．For example，skier Daron Rahlves says that being afraid makes him try harder to succeed．
Most of us are not extreme athletes or explorers．However，we still take risks in our lives．Some of us take social risks，such as speaking in front of a large group of people．Sometimes，we take financial risks，such as buying a house．And sometimes we take career risks，such as leaving a job or starting a business．Most people take risks in some areas of life，but not in others．What kind of risk﹣taker are you？
（1）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to？
| A． |
The brain． |
| B． |
Something new． |
| C． |
A chemical． |
| D． |
A pleasant feeling． |
（2）What does the underlined word "expedition" in Paragraph 3 mean？
| A． |
Much money． |
| B． |
A journey with a special goal． |
| C． |
A great idea． |
| D． |
A plan for a dangerous journey． |
（3）How many kinds of extreme athletes or explorers are mentioned in the passage？
| A． |
Three． |
| B． |
Four． |
| C． |
Five． |
| D． |
Six． |
（4）Which of the following is true according to the passage？
| A． |
Mike Fay is a professional risk﹣taker． |
| B． |
Most people don't take risks in their daily life． |
| C． |
Extreme athletes deal with danger better than others． |
| D． |
Daron Rahlves takes risks mainly for change and excitement． |
【河南省2015年中考英语试题】阅读理解（20小题，每小题2分，共40分）
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
B
There is little doubt that house cat first developed naturally from ancient wild cats. The cleverest relative is the America wild cat which still lives in Africa today. This is understandable because the first house cats came from Africa.
Cats first started to live around people in Egypt about 6,000~7,000 years ago. From Egypt, cats started to move around the world. This is about the same time that Egyptians began storing grain(谷物）in buildings. Scientists used to believe that people tamed cats to catch mice and protect the grain. However, cats don’t like to be told what to do! Now, scientists believed that cats followed the mice and learned to accept people. Finally, some of the cats began to grow comfortable around people, these were smaller cats that needed protection. As these cats and people got used to each other, then they moved in together. Around 5,000 years ago, cats started to live with people.
Soon cats were in Greece, then the Middle East and China. They moved along Egyptian business roads keeping away mice and keeping people around them. After the Romans came to Egypt, they also accepted the cats and brought them to Europe. These cat likely bred(繁殖） with other cats to form the many kinds of house cats we have today.
Cats are relatively recent house animals. House cats still have a lot in common with their wild relatives. Cats sleep a lot to save energy just like wild cats. They will often get food at night as well. House cats are generally peaceful and friendly, but be careful! If a cat feels it is in danger, it will fight back—just like a wild cat.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。Where did the first house cats come from?
| A．Asia. | B．Africa. |
| C．Europe. | D．America. |
When did cats start to live with people?
| A．About 4,000 years ago. |
| B．About 5,000 years ago. |
| C．About 6,000 years ago. |
| D．About 7,000 years ago. |
According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Cats started to move around the world from China. |
| B．Cats get food at night to save energy like wild cats. |
| C．Cats have a little in common with their wild cats. |
| D．Cats were accepted and brought to Europe by Romans. |
What does the underlined word “tamed” mean in Chinese?
| A．驱散 | B．捕捉 | C．驯化 | D．引进 |
What does the text mainly talk about?
| A．The development of house cats. |
| B．Different cats in different countries. |
| C．The relationship between cats and people. |
| D．The differences between house cats and wild cats. |
【福建省漳州市2015年中考英语试题】阅读理解(A、B、C、E篇：每小题2分，D篇：每小题1分．计45分)
A、B、C篇：根据所提供的内容，从四个选项中选择最佳答案。
C
Are you a happy person most of the time? Or do you easily get angry sometimes? Everyone has a different temperament (脾气). It is usually be1ieved that both genes (基因) and environment may affect people's temperaments in different ways. But now scientists have found that the season of birth also plays a role.
Scientists from Budapest, Hungary, studied 400 university students. In the study, the students needed to finish a questionnaire (问卷). The purpose of it was to find out which of four kinds of temperaments they most had. From the questionnaire, scientists found that the students always answered something like "My mood often changes for no reason" and "I love to deal with new projects, even if it is risky". These answers were then matched with their birthdays.
They discovered that people born in summer easily change between sad and happy moods compared to people born in winter. Those who always feel positive are mostly born in spring and summer.
The study also found that those born in autumn less probably had a mood of depression which may easily drive them to cry, while those born in winter were not easier to be angry.
Scientists said that this was probably because the seasons had an influence on certain chemicals in the human body. And the chemicals are important to control people's moods even in adult life.
____________________________________________________________________________
"It seems that when you are born may increase or decrease your chance of developing certain mood disorders (紊乱)," lead scientist Xenia Gonda told The Telegraph.
What probably can't affect people's temperaments according to Paragraph 1?
A Genes. B. Ages.
C. Seasons. D. Environment.
What does the under1ined word " depression " most probably mean?. l
| A．Sadness. | B．Happiness. |
| C．Surprise. | D．Excitement. |
Which of the following sentences is NOT true from the passage? l
A People born in summer change their moods more easily.
B.The season of birth has an influence on humans' moods.
C. There were 400 middle school students taking part in the study.
D The answers to the questionnaire were matched with their birthdays .
What will the writer most Probably write about on _____________ ?
| A．How many kinds of moods thee are. |
| B．What can change the human body most. |
| C．How the certain chemicals affect the moods. |
| D．Whether the students will continue their study. |
What's the best title of this passage?
| A．Seasons and Moods | B．The Influence of Genes |
| C．Moods and Health | D．The Importance of Birthplaces |
【福建省厦门市2015年中考英语试题】阅读下面五篇文章，根据文章的内容选择最佳答案作答1-5小题。
C
(1)Go Green Enjoy tap water
IT’S THE RESPNSIBLE CHOICE
Producing plastic bottles and transporting water require a lot of energy and resources(资源)…just to land in the waste!
(2) IT SAVES MONEY
Bottled water costs money. Tap water is free for you!
Go Green Eat responsibly
(1)
Shorter distance(距离) requires less transport fuels(燃料)…and less chemicals needed to keep food fresh.
(1) EAT LESS MEAT
Meat production needs a lot of resources.
(2) AVOID PACKING
Packaging requires energy and resources just to end up in the waste…
Go Green Keep it on the screen
…and if printing cannot be avoided remember to:
PRINT DOUBLE-SIDED and in black-white.
Set the printer/copy machine to ENERGY SAVING model when done
REUSE single-sided printed paper for internal documents(内部文件) or as not paper…
Go Green E-communicate
Reduce what gives out quite a lot of Greenhouse Gas(温室效应气体):instead of traveling, make use of VIDEO MEETING, WEB MEETING, and the good old phone.
For more information visit www.greeningtheblue.org.
The purpose of the passage is to give advice on how to ____.
A. protect the environment
B. cancel traveling
C. avoid printing
____ save money for you.
A. Producing plastic bottles
B. Using bottled water
C. Using tap water
The missing part in Go Green Eat responsibly is ____. .
A. CHOOSE GREEN FOOD
B. KEEP FOOD FRESH
C. SUPPORT LOCAL
It is suggested that____ printed paper should be reused for taking notes.
A. doubled-sided
B. single-sided
C. colored
You can get more information about “Go Green” by ____.
A. visiting the website given
B. making a phone call
C. having a meeting
【山东省烟台市2015年中考英语试题】任务型阅读
D
The story took place in a small town in winter. One day a man met an old lady standing by an expensive car. It was clear that her car broke down. So he stopped his old truck and got out. Although he was smiling, the old lady was worried. “Is he going to hurt me?”
The man could see that she was frightened, so in his friendliest voice he said, “I’m here to help you, madam. Why don’t you wait in the car to get warm? By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson.” It took Bryan about fifty minutes to fix the car. The lady felt quite thankful and she asked how much she should pay him.
But Bryan wanted no money. ①对他来说，帮助别人很正常。He said, “If you want to repay me, next time you see someone in need, just give out your friendly hand.”
After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road till she reached a small café. She stopped for something to eat. As the pretty waitress stood next to her, the lady noticed she was nearly eight months pregnant (怀孕). ②Although she looked tired, she still served the customers with a smile on her face. As the old lady was going to pay the $10 bill, she remembered Bryan’s words.
The old lady paid one hundred-dollar bill. But when the waitress returned with the change, the lady was gone. On the table she saw a small note. Her eyes were filled with tears when she read it, “Somebody once helped me the way I’m helping you. If you want to pay me back, continue being kind to others. ” Under the note were nine more $100 bills.
Was the old lady an angel? The waitress was so excited that she called her husband to tell the story. “Bryan…Bryan Anderson my dear… you’re not going to believe what has happened… ”
Love needs to be passed on. Everyone can be an angel.
请根据短文内容完成下列任务。Did the old lady believe in Bryan at the beginning of the story? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________请将划线句子①翻译成英语。
___________________________________________________________________________________请将划线句子②翻译成汉语。
____________________________________________________________________________________请根据短文内容将句子补充完整, 使句子意思连贯。
The waitress found__________________________ and ___________________________on the table
when she returned with the change.What have you learned from the story? (with one sentence)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【山东省烟台市2015年中考英语试题】任务型阅读 (每小题2分)
C
Have you ever had the feeling that no one can understand you? Well, here comes “Pepper”, it could be about to change all that. Pepper is the first robot to read human feelings. Using its emotion recognition functions
(情感识别功能), Pepper can make jokes, dance and even sing to people when they are around it.
The robot looks like a lovely girl. It is four feet tall with a tablet computer in its chest. It has human-like hands, a girl-like body and baby-like voice. It was shown to attract people at stores on Friday.
Pepper can tell facial expressions, human voice and signs, then make an answer. Pepper is designed to be a family robot, but it isn’t like the household robot on the cartoon. Pepper is used at home or store, where we enjoy pleasure and entertainment.
At home, not only can it tell jokes, it also helps people in trouble. If a natural accident happens, it can encourage them, make them laugh and feel relaxed.
Pepper will be on sale at the price of $2,000 in August, 2015. At present, several Peppers are on show at stores for people to visit. Before selling Peppers, the creators want them to store more knowledge in order to get better along with human beings.
请根据短文内容完成所缺信息。
| Pepper—A Robot Of Human Wisdom |
|
| Basic feature (特征) |
◆The first robot to read recognition functions. |
| Description of appearance |
◆It’s four feet tall with a ◆It has human-like hands, girl-like body and baby-like voice. |
| Brief introduction |
◆The creators designed it to be used at ◆It can not only make an answer by telling facial expressions, human voice and signs, but also can help people who are |
| Preparations for sale |
◆Peppers are now still at stores for people to visit. ◆When |
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