As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg's Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us．Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks．The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem．
Sharks, in particular, are “in” these days．Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool．
The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction -- up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins．But we have started to reverse the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu．
In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations．
Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years．These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins．
Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products．These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life．
Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business．The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury（奢侈的）goods has become a full-scale war．The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming．Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals．The underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______．
| A．follow |
| B．keep |
| C．change |
| D．show |
From the passage, we know _______．
| A．a lot of wild animals have been killed for products |
| B．Jackie Chan and Ang Lee make fin soup popular |
| C．Steven Spielberg's Jaws inspires us to protect sharks |
| D．the number of African elephants has been increased |
What can we infer from the passage?
A． People have kicked the habit of having shark fin soup．
B． Shark fins will not be available any more in restaurants．
C． Global efforts have succeeded in stopping killing wild animals．
D． More animals for high-end products will be saveD．
Nobody Benefits
NEW YORK—America has been experiencing the longest economic increase in its history．Incomes have risen, unemployment has fallen, and cities such as New York are bursting with new office buildings．
But just a short walk from Manhattan's skyscrapers, George Brown sits on the side-walk, cooking a lunch of rice and bits of fish over a can of cooking fuel．
Brown is homeless — one of the 2.3 million people in the US who end up on the street．
During the day, Brown collects aluminium cans and sells them for five cents a piece．At night, he sleeps on the street．
"I have been on the street about eight or nine years, something like that," said the 62-year-old former construction worker．
Brown admits he's had problems with alcohol and has smoked cocaine．But he said he still wants a more stable housing arrangement．He could afford it just with the money he earns by collecting cans and small pieces of metal, if only truly low-income housing were available．
However, he sees no hope of finding affordable housing in New York．
With the strong economy and unemployment down, beautiful housing is being built to meet demand．
A US report shows rents in New York city rose more than 27 percent between 1984 and 1999, from US $549 to US $700 a month．
One of the side effects of the strong economy is that rents have been going up．
The majority of people who experience homelessness really just need some affordable housing help．
But few housing companies have been built for the poor．Many small apartments in the city now rent for US $1,500 a month or more．
Brown, the homeless New Yorker, said he has a daughter who lives in the city but he rarely sees her．She is angry about his drinking and won't allow it in her house．
Smiling, he said he also has seven grandchildren whom he'd like to see more often．
"All I've got to do is clean up my act," he said．What kind of life does George Brown lead?
| A．Homeless and dangerous |
| B．Homeless and childish |
| C．Homeless and miserable （痛苦的） |
| D．Homeless and sleepless |
From George Brown's life we can find that ______.
| A．old Americans lead a hard life |
| B．old Americans want to live alone |
| C．American cities are crowded with poor people |
| D．bad habits play a role in some poor people's Life |
It can be inferred from this passage that ______.
| A．America is short of housing companies |
| B．the poor can't benefit from the increasing economy |
| C．poor people in America will become rich |
| D．housing companies will build more houses for the poor |
If this passage comes from a paper, on which page would it be?
| A．Society． | B．Science． | C．Economy． | D．Business |
It is common and usual to see people freak out when they face challenges in their life. We all pass in different life problems and challenges. No one is free of life problems. Only a dead man faces no problem. As long as you are alive, challenges are everywhere.
How do you face problems and challenges in your life? Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality. They make you who you are. Besides, whether what happened in your life builds or destructs you depends on how you look at it. If you take your problems as troubles, they will be troubles and may cause destruction. If you take them as constructive tools, you are going to be built up on them.
Problems are everywhere. No one can avoid them. And they are good too. They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see. When you face troubles, do not frustrate or freak out. Just cool yourself to think in a different direction. Think in a positive way. Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides. Focus on the good one. Look at the bright side.
Besides, there is always a good person, perhaps your mom or dad, or one of your friends, right beside you who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them. No matter what happens, they will be there to help you. Trust them and they will never let you down. All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “freak out” in Paragraph 1?
| A．feel shy. | B．feel upset. | C．keep up. | D．stay calm. |
In Paragraph 2, the writer implies that ______.
| A．problems cause troubles |
| B．challenges can be avoided |
| C．attitude is everything |
| D．personalities are built on failures |
According to the last paragraph, when we're in trouble, we ______.
| A．can only depend on our parents | B．are not confident |
| C．should only believe ourselves | D．are not alone |
What’s the writer’s purpose to write the passage?
| A．To explain. | B．To compare. |
| C．To prove. | D．To encourage. |
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In every British town, large and small, you will find shops that sell second-hand goods. Sometimes such shops deal mostly in furniture, sometimes in books, sometimes in ornaments and household goods, sometimes even in clothes.
The furniture may often be “antique”, and it may well have changed hands many times. It may also be very valuable, although the most valuable piece will usually go to the London salerooms, where one piece might well be sold for hundreds of thousands of pounds. As you look around these shops and see the polished wood of chests and tables, you cannot help thinking of those long-dead hands which polished that wood, of those now-closed eyes which once looked at these pieces with love.
The books, too, may be antique and very precious; some may be rare first printings. Often when someone dies or has to move house, his books may all be sold, so that sometimes you may find whole libraries in one shop. On the border between England and Wales, there is a town which has become a huge bookshop as well.Even the cinema and castle have been taken over, and now books have replaced sheep as the town’s main trsde.
There are also much more humble shops, sometimes simply called “junk shops”, where you can buy small household pieces very cheaply. Sometimes the profits from these shops go to charity. Even these pieces, though, can make you feel sad; you think of those people who once treasured them, but who have moved on, to another country or to death.
Although the British do not worship their ancestors, they do treasure the past and the things of the past. This is true of houses as well. These days no one knocks them down; they are restored until they are often better than new. In Britain, people do not buy something just because it is new. Old things are treasured for their proven worth; new things have to prove themselves before they are accepted.Books found in second-hand book shops may _____.
| A．be copies of the earliest printing | B．be on sale for the first time |
| C．never be worth very much | D．never be rare |
Second-hand goods sometimes fill you with sadness because_____.
| A．they are too expensive for average buyers |
| B．they remind you of the original owner |
| C．they are now neglected |
| D．they are sold for charity |
Which of the following word can best take the place of the word “antique” in the second paragraph?
| A．invention | B．possession | C．material | D．relic |
According to the passage, the British people_____.
| A．do not respect old things because they are not fashionable |
| B．like to build new houses simply because it is fashionable to do so |
| C．like to buy new things because they are fashionable |
| D．do not like to buy things simply because they are fashionable |
Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective, say researchers.
Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized, according to researchers.
They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden, when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see.
This suggested the dogs were able to alter their behavior when they knew their owners' perspective had changed.
The study, published in Animal Cognition, conducted tests on eighty-four dogs.
The experiments had been trying to find whether dogs could make their behavior suitable to react to the changed circumstances of their human owners. It wanted to see if dogs had a "flexible understanding" that could show they understood the viewpoint of a human.
It found that when the lights were turned off, dogs in a room with their human owners were much more likely to disobey and steal forbidden food.
The study says it is "unlikely that the dogs simply forgot that the human was in the room" when there was no light. Instead it seems as though the dogs were able to differentiate between when the human was unable or able to see them.
Juliane Kaminski carried out the research into how dogs are influenced by human circumstances.
Dr Juliane Kaminski, from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, said the study was "incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective".
Previous studies have suggested that although humans might think that they can recognize different expressions on their dogs' faces, this is often inaccurate and a projection of human emotions.
“Humans constantly attribute(归属) certain qualities and emotions to other living things. We know that our own dog is clever or sensitive, but that's us thinking, not them,” said Dr Kaminski.
“These results suggest humans might be right, where dogs are concerned, but we still can't be completely sure if the results mean dogs have a truly flexible understanding of the mind and others' minds. It has always been assumed only humans had this ability. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The researchers made the test on dogs in eighty-four countries. |
| B．Dogs always obey and don’t steal forbidden food. |
| C．Dogs may adapt their behavior in response to the changed circumstances. |
| D．The research is carried out to find out how dogs are influenced by light. |
Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
| A．Dogs---Our Loyal Companions Understand Us Most. |
| B．Dogs Are Our Best Friends. |
| C．Dogs Can Understand Us In a Way, Researchers Say. |
| D．Dogs Have Certain Qualities and Emotions of Human Beings, Researchers Say. |
Where can we probably read this kind of articles?
| A．Textbooks. | B．Advertisements. | C．Instructions. | D．Magazines. |
This passage can be classified as .
| A．an argumentative writing | B．a feature story |
| C．a dog show review | D．a research result |
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