Americansliketovisitthenationa

更新 2022-09-03
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Americans like to visit the national parks． In 1996, over 250,000,000 people visited areas which are managed by the National Park Service． Experts say that by 2012, 500,000,000 people per year will visit the parks． As a result, people are trying to think of ways to protect the parks from the crowds．
The crowding of the parks has caused several problems． One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks． To deal with this problem, you may have to book your tickets a few months ahead of time． The Park Service may also raise entrance fees (费) ．
Another problem caused by increased park use is pollution． Some garbage and waste can be cleaned up, and the cleanup can be paid for by increased entrance fees． To cut down on noise
pollution and air pollution, the number of cars allowed in parks may be limited． If this happens, people may use buses to travel around the parks． Officials may also limit the use of jet-skis, snow-mobiles, motor-boats, and sightseeing helicopters and planes．
The parks may also be in danger because of development that is going on around them． For example, around Yellow Stone Park, many hotels, golf courses, resorts, and other tourist attractions have been built． Some of these developments have effect on areas that are used by animals． People will have to learn to agree about ways to protect the parks． If they do not, there will soon be no reason to visit these national treasures．
According to experts, by 2012 the number of visitors ______．

A．may be doubled

B．may rise to 50%

C．will reach 250 million

D．will go up by a second

Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．Visitors will pay less than before．

B．The parks are not big enough to hold all visitors．

C．Visitors may not necessarily buy tickets ahead of time．

D．Only buses are allowed to enter the parks．

What is the most possible meaning of the underlined word “limited” in Paragraph 3?

A．Enlarged．

B．Admitted．

C．Controlled．

D．Concerned．

What can be inferred from the passage?

A．High fees may probably keep some people out of parks．

B．Helicopters and planes will not be used in parks any longer．

C．The bus will become the only tool in parks in order to cut down pollution．

D．National Park Service will always welcome as many visitors as possible．

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Before the 1830s，most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America， usually ﹩8 to ﹩10 a year． Today ﹩8 or ﹩10 seems a small amount of money， but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens． Accordingly， newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades． In addition， most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience． They were dull and visually forbidding． But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that．

The trend， then， was toward the "penny paper"﹣a term referring to papers made widely available to the public． It meant any inexpensive newspaper； perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street．

This development did not take place overnight． It had been possible（but not easy）to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830，but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy． Street sales were almost unknown． However， within a few years， street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities． At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny﹣usually two or three cents was charged﹣and some of the older well﹣known papers charged five or six cents． But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy， and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny．

This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well． Some of the early ventures（企业）were immediate failures． Publishers already in business， people who were owners of successful papers， had little desire to change the tradition． It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling．

（1）Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s？　　

A．	Academic．
B．	Unattractive．
C．	Inexpensive．
D．	Confidential．

（2）What did street sales mean to newspapers？　　

A．	They would be priced higher．
B．	They would disappear from cities．
C．	They could have more readers．
D．	They could regain public trust．

（3）Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at？　　

A．	Local politicians．
B．	Common people．
C．	Young publishers．
D．	Rich businessmen．

（4）What can we say about the birth of the penny paper？　　

A．	It was a difficult process．
B．	It was a temporary success．
C．	It was a robbery of the poor．
D．	It was a disaster for printers．

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For Western designers， China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative．

"It's no secret that China has always been a source（来源）of inspiration for designers，" says Amanda Hill， chief creative officer at A+E Networks， a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion（时尚）shows．

Earlier this year， the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China﹣inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art， with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics（美学）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries． The exhibition had record attendance， showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences．

"China is impossible to overlook，" says Hill． "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world， which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion ﹣ they are central to its movement． "Of course， not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China﹣some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese．" Vera Wang， Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are taking onGalliano， Albaz， Marc Jacobs﹣and beating them hands down in design and sales，" adds Hill．

For Hill， it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion． "The most famous designers are Chinese， so are the models， and so are the consumers，" she says． "China is no longer just another market； in many senses it has become the market． If you talk about fashion today， you are talking about China﹣its influences， its direction， its breathtaking clothes， and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways．"

（1）What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？　　

A．	It promoted the sales of artworks．
B．	It attracted a large number of visitors．
C．	It showed ancient Chinese clothes．
D．	It aimed to introduce Chinese models．

（2）What does Hill say about Chinese women？　　

A．	They are setting the fashion．
B．	They start many fashion campaigns．
C．	They admire super models．
D．	They do business all over the world．

（3）What do the underlined words"taking on" in paragraph 4 mean？　　

A．	learning from
B．	looking down on
C．	working with
D．	competing against

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？　　

A．	Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B．	A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C．	Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D．	Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends

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OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS

Animals Out of Paper

Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio． Merri Milwe directs． In previews． Opens Feb.12．（West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212﹣868﹣4444．）

The Audience

Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years． Stephen Daldry directs． Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey． Previews begin Feb.14．（Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212﹣239﹣6200．）

Hamilton

Lin﹣Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story． Thomas Kail directs． In previews． Opens Feb.17．（Public，425 Lafayette St.212﹣967﹣7555．）

On the Twentieth Century

Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross﹣country train journey． Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout Theatre Company． Previews begin Feb.12．（American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42nd St.212﹣719﹣1300．）

（1）What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about？　　

A．	A type of art．
B．	A teenager's studio．
C．	A great teacher．
D．	A group of animals．

（2）Who is the director of The Audience？　　

A．	Helen Mirren．
B．	Peter Morgan．
C．	Dylan Baker．
D．	Stephen Daldry．

（3）Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history？　　

A．	Animals Out of Paper．
B．	The Audience．
C．	Hamilton．
D．	On the Twentieth Century．

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During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status． I was the queen of the playground． Then came my tweens and teens， and mean girls and cool kids． They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others， among whom I soon found myself．

Popularity is a well﹣explored subject in social psychology． Mitch Prinstein， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers． The likables' plays﹣well﹣with﹣others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jump﹣start interpersonal skills and， when tapped early， are employed ever after in life and work． Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence： status born of power and even dishonorable behavior．

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed， Dr． Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences． Those who were highest in status in high school， as well as those least liked in elementary school， are "most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior．"

In one study， Dr． Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents， scoring the least liked， the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）． "We found that the least well﹣liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates． But so had those who were high in status． It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us．"

Dr． Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date﹣sharing， kindness， openness ﹣ carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others．

In analyzing his and other research，Dr． Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes， but it is also responsible for those outcomes， too． "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage， " he said．

（1）What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school？　　

A． Unkind．

B． Lonely．

C． Generous．

D． Cool．

（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？　　

A． The classification of the popular．

B． The characteristics of adolescents．

C． The importance of interpersonal skills．

D． The causes of dishonorable behavior．

（3）What did Dr． Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids？　　

A． They appeared to be aggressive．

B． They tended to be more adaptable．

C． They enjoyed the highest status．

D． They performed well academically．

（4）What is the best title for the text？　　

A． Be Nice﹣You Won't Finish Last

B． The Higher the Status， the Better

C． Be the Best﹣You Can Make It

D． More Self﹣Control， Less Aggressiveness

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As data and identity theft becomes more and more common， the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies﹣like fingerprint scans﹣to keep others out of private e﹣spaces． At present， these technologies are still expensive， though．

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low﹣cost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard． This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key． The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses． These patterns are unique to each person． Thus， the keyboard can determine people's identities， and by extension， whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to﹣regardless of whether someone gets the password right．

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with． Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently．

In a study describing the technology， the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch"four times using the smart keyboard． Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed， with very low error rates． The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive， plastic﹣like parts． The team hopes to make it to market in the near future．

（1）Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？　　

A． To reduce pressure on keys．

B． To improve accuracy in typing．

C． To replace the password system．

D． To cut the cost of e﹣space protection．

（2）What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？　　

A． Computers are much easier to operate．

B． Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast．

C． Typing patterns vary from person to person．

D． Data security measures are guaranteed．

（3）What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？　　

A．It'll be environment﹣friendly．

B．It'll reach consumers soon．

C．It'll be made of plastics．

D．It'll help speed up typing．

（4）Where is this text most likely from？　　

A．A diary．

B．A guidebook．

C．A novel．

D．A magazine．

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