Mr. Dawson is an old man with a bad temper (脾气). Kids were afraid to go into his yard to pick apples.
One day, 12-year-old Janet and her friend Amy had to walk past Mr. Dawson’ s house. When Janet saw him outside, she suggested they cross the street and walk on the other side. But Amy said they didn’t need to.
When Mr. Dawson saw Amy, he smiled and said: “ Hello, Amy! I see you have a new friend with you today.” Amy smiled back. Mr. Dawson was friendly and gave them each a fresh apple.
Later, Janet asked Amy: “ Everyone says he is the most unwelcoming(不受欢迎的) person in town. Why was he kind to us?” Amy explained that when she first walked past his house, she was also afraid of him. But she pretended(假装) there was an invisible(看不见的) smile on his face and started talking to him. At first she only said “hello” but then began talking to him more every time she saw him.
“An invisible smile?” Janet was puzzled (困惑的). “Yes,” answered Amy. “My grandma told me to try that. She says smiles can spread. So if we keep trying to smile at someone, sooner or later they will smile back.”
Amy’s grandma realized most people can’t refuse(拒绝) to smile at a friendly face.People thought that Mr. Dawson was a(n) _______ person.
| A．honest | B．kind | C．welcome | D．Unfriendly |
What did Amy do when she first walked past Mr. Dawson’s house?
| A．She went into his yard to pick apples. |
| B．She was so scared that she went away quickly. |
| C．She smiled to him and greeted him. |
| D．She talked with him like old friends. |
What does the story tell us?
| A．It’s important to take others’ advice. |
| B．Being friendly to others is very important. |
| C．People with bad temper can also make friends. |
| D．Smile to the world and it will smile at you back. |
阅读理解(2014杭州)
How quickly can you count from one to ten？Do you use ten different words to do it？Can you do it in English，or do you have to use your first language？Do you count on your fingers？Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world．But scientists have discovered that it is not true．
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers．In the United States，people begin counting with their first finger，which they extend or stick out．They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five．Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten．In China，people count by using different finger positions．In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand．
Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers．Some languages have only a few words for numbers，and others have no words for numbers．A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia．There people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers．They don’t even have words for numbers．However，they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers．
In a similar study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落)in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as“one”or“three”．They are not able to say“five trees”or“ten trees”but can say“some trees”．“more trees”．or“many trees”．Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count，“but here is a group that does not count．They could learn，but it’s not useful in their culture，so they’ve never picked it up．”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量)，not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting．Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives．Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too．The writer begins with the four questions in order to________．
| A．make a survey |
| B．interest readers |
| C．tell a story |
| D．solve math problems |
What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the US and China？
| A．People from China count much faster than people from the US． |
| B．People from China need two hands to count from one to ten． |
| C．People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting． |
| D．People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting． |
Which of the following is true about aboriginal Australians？
| A．They have only a few words for numbers． |
| B．They have hand movements to stand for numbers． |
| C．They can only count to five on their fingers． |
| D．They can understand different ideas about numbers． |
The study of the Piraha tribe shows that________．
| A．people all over the world know how to count |
| B．people of the tribe have words for numbers |
| C．some groups of people are not smart enough to count |
| D．counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe |
What is the main idea of the passage？
| A．People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math． |
| B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans． |
| C．In some aboriginal cultures，people don’t even know how to count． |
| D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers． |
阅读理解(2014山西)
Are you bored with your daily routine？Here are some things you should try before you are 18，because after that it’s too late！
| Learn to swim Actually．this is so important it could save your life．If you can’t swim well，you won’t be able to do water sports like waterskiing，surfing and diving．Even taking a boat trio will not be safe for you．Make sure you do it． |
| Collect something Be of the best hobbies for under－18s is collecting things．You could collect Chinese stamps．or youcould collect things that make you．remember what you’ve done，like cinema tickets for films．The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you．That way you won’t forget． |
| Try at least one kind of team sport Being a good team player is an important skillin life．You can’t just think of yourself，but have to work well with other people．Other advantages of team sports like asketball，football and baseball ale that’they keep you fit and healthy，and they ale also great fun．Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends． |
| Write your family tree When you are young，get to know．all the older people in our family an lln out as much as you can about when they were young．Draw a family tree and make noies abofit each person so that you won’not forget． |
According to the passage，we should learn to swim because it could________．
A．save our lives
B．keep us fit and healthy
C．make us work well with othersThe best way to collect things is________．
A．to have a special album
B．to buy more stamps and tickets
C．to exchange them with your friendsBeing a good team player can help you________．
A．think of yourself
B．have a good social skill
C．become a ball game starIn order not to forget the older people in your family，you should________．
A．go to lots of family parties
B．find something that they used
C．draw a family tree and make notesThe passage mainly tells us that________．
A．hobbies play an important role in everyone’s growth
B．you are supposed to try some things before you’re 18
C．everyone should get into good habits when they are young
任务型阅读
Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of each paragraph．Maybe you are moving on to a high school，and maybe there will be plenty of new faces．Or perhaps，you’re starting at a totally new school system，where you don’t know anybody at all．
Whatever your situation is，you’re going from being one of the oldest kids at school to one of the youngest．You might be taking classes or doing activities with persons who seem a million times bigger！Remember，these“big kids”were once new ones just like you，and most of them will be friendly and willing to help．If you find yourself in a situation where older students are using their size to beat you，tell a teacher in the school．
Because of the variety(变化)of courses and activities in high school，people are different from each other．Sometimes，people form groups according to what they have in common．
Although it’s natural to spend time with people who share your interests，try to keep yourself open to everyone．You might discover new people who love the same music you do，or have similar taste in movies．
A new school and new student body is a good way to learn about people，places，and cultures from all over the world．
| A．Don’t be afraid of the students who are big in size． B．Try to get along with other people widely． C．Big kids are all friendly． |
D．People who have the same interest like to get together． E．A high school is strange to you． F．A good chance to learn the world． |
阅读理解
A recent research shows that physical activity(体育活动)may help students do better in their classes．The research comes because educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like P．E．class．
Researchers go over the results of fourteen studies．Twelve were from the United States，one from Canada and one from South Africa．The studies appeared between 2009 and 2013．They included more than 55，000 children，aged six to eighteen．
Thomas Singh，one of the researchers，says the studies showed a relationship between physical activity and scores on subjects such as math，English and reading．Mr．Singh offers some possible explanations(解释)：
There are，first，physiological(生理的)explanations，like more blood flow，and so more oxygen(氧气)to the brain．Being physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙)produced，like endorphins(脑内啡)．And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved，which means you will perform better in class．Also，students who take part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them．This could improve their classroom behavior and help them know what they should do．
All in all，the finding tells us that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school．Mr．Singh says schools should consider the finding before they cut physical education programs．What led the researchers to do the studies？
| A．Schools’cutting physical activity． |
| B．Their interest in physical activity． |
| C．The tests including about 55，000 children． |
| D．Kids’unsatisfying schooling performance． |
How many countries took part in the studies？
| A．14． |
| B．12． |
| C．2． |
| D．3． |
Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of physical activity according to the passage？
| A．Getting more blood flow． |
| B．Better classroom behavior． |
| C．Feeling relaxed and refreshed． |
| D．Greater ability to organize activities． |
任务型阅读
阅读短文，填写表格．每空一词。
In common with many countries，Britain has serious environmental problems．In 1952，more than 4，000 people died in London because of the smog．The government introduced new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the situation improved a lot．
Today，London is much cleaner but there is a new problem：the smog from cars．In December 199（1）there was very little wind in London and pollution increased a lot．As a result，about 160 people died from pollution in just four days．
Part of the problem is the new“out of town”shopping centers．In the past，people often walked to shops near their home or went by bus．Now，many people drive to the new shopping centers．As a result，the small shops have disappeared and more people have to travel to do their shopping．
Critics(评论员)say that Britain needs better and cheaper public transport．Transport in Britain is very expensive．An early morning train trip from Glasgow to London(about 600 km)can cost about 100 pounds，for example．A short 15－minute bus trip can cost over 1.00 pound．
Many people are trying to reduce the use of cars in Britain．Some cities now have special bicycle paths and many people cycle to work．Some people also travel to work together in one car to reduce the pollution and the cost．
| Environmental problems in________ |
|||
| Time |
Causes |
Results |
Solutions |
| In the past |
Smog from coal ________ and factories． |
________4，000 people died in 195（2） |
New laws were introduced． |
| Today |
Smog caused by ____4___． |
About 160 people died in a few days in 1991 |
●Provide________and cheaper public transport． ●Build special paths for bicycles． ●Travel to work together in one car． |
（1）________ （2）________ （3）________
（4）________ （5）________
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