JohnNash，aNobelPrizewinneranda

更新 2022-09-03
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John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner and a mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind，was killed in a car accident on May 24th, 2015.
Born in West Virginia, Nash displayed a keenness for mathematics early in life，independently proving Femret's little theorem（定理）before graduating from high school. By the time he turned 30 in 1958，he was an unquestionable academic celebrity. At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page thesis that led to applications to economics，international politics, and evolutionary biology
His signature solution-known as a "Nash Equilibrium（纳什均衡）”-found that competition among two opponents，not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. It is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century.
In the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn't published a paper in 36 years. But like a child cured of a nightmare by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. He continued to work, travel，and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.
In 2001，the release of the film A Beautiful Mind，based an Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name，introduced Nash's unusual life story to an international audience
John Nash passed away because of__________

A．a mental illness	B．overwork
C．a traffic accident	D．starvation

According to“Nash Equilibrium"，what will happen if two opponents refuse to cooperate?

A．They will get nothing at all.

B．They will get what they really want

C．'They will lose the support from each other

D．They will achieve their maximum objectives.

Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．John Nash's Sudden Death

B．John Nash's Extraordinary life

C．John Nash's Equilibrium

D．John Nash's Mental illness.

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C
If You Make a Mistake, Don’t Worry!
Yeah, you’ll want to forget about them, but mistakes can be useful. Making a mistake doesn’t mean it’s the end of the world. In real life you have to grow and mature, and with that comes some growing pains.
You know you should have studied hard but you went out with some friends instead. You know you should have put the money into the bank for a rainy day instead of spending it on all kinds of things you didn’t need.
It’s the growing pains called mistakes that most people make when they are growing up. Face them. You are going to make them. Learn from them. All of the people you wish to copy, such as all the experts in your business field, have made mistakes. They’ll continue to make mistakes for all their successes.
One of the major differences between people like them and the vast majority（大多数）of others is that they don’t let their mistakes stop them. Instead, they use their mistakes as learning tools.
At the very least, when you make a mistake, you’ll know what not to do. And you can help others by warning them of the mistakes you’ve made. Don’t let mistakes stop you from doing anything. Learn from them, don’t hide in a closet. Facing up to your mistakes now and later will mature.
What mistakes are you making right now? Take a look at anything you might be doing wrong. Take a step back and evaluate your situation, then fix whatever needs to be corrected. Then move forward.
Always remember your mistakes to remind yourself of what not to do for the future.
63. Why does the writer say mistakes can be useful?
A. Because you can get some growing pains.
B. Because experts also make mistakes.
C. Because you can mature by facing and learning from mistakes.
D. Because next time you know that money shouldn’t be wasted.
64. Which statement is true according to the writer?
A. Before you make any mistake, you had better lock the closet in your room.
B. Keep your mistakes in mind in order not to make the same mistakes again in the future.
C. Don’t go out with some of your friends any more.
D. Forget your mistakes and move forward.
65. When we make any mistake next time, we should do the followings except _       __.
A. Think about the reason why we make the mistake.
B. Try to correct the mistake.
C. Tell others not to make the same mistake as you do.
D. Be careful not to do anything.
66. From the text, we can infer that __     ___.
A. facing mistakes, some people lose heart
B. mistakes can be useful
C. mistakes can be called growing pains
D. Put away money when it is rainy

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B
“Can I see my baby?” asked the happy new mother. The bundle (婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face, she gasped—the baby had been born without ears. Time, however, proved that the baby’s hearing was perfect except his appearance.
One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mother’s arms, he cried out bitterly, “A boy, a big boy … called me—a f-…freak.” She sighed, knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.
He grew up, handsome for his misfortune. A favorite with his fellow students, he might have been class president, but for that. He developed a gift for literature and music.
The boy’s father had a talk with the family doctor. Could nothing be done? “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears, if they could be donated (捐献),” the doctor decided. So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man. Two years went by. Then, “You’re going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need. But it’s a secret.” said the father.
The operation was a brilliant success. His talents blossomed into genius. School and college became a series of successes. Later he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service. “But I must know!” he urged his father. “Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.”
“I do not believe you could,” said the father, “but the agreement was that you are not to know … not yet.” The years kept the secret, but the day did come … one of the darkest days that ever pass through a son. He stood with his father over his mother’s casket(灵柩). Slowly and tenderly, the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick, reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.
59.The story is mainly about _______.
A．how a boy had new ears through an operation
B．what a devoted parent privately did for the child
C．how a disabled boy turned into a useful person
D．why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy
60.From the first paragraph we know that the mother _______.
A．was determined to donate her ears to perfect her son
B．kept her husband unknown about the baby’s situation
C．felt shocked and disappointed to see her new baby
D．complained of her bad luck to have a disabled child
61.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The agreement was between the donator and the family.
B．The boy was so popular that he was made class president.
C．Finally the boy came to know who the donator was.
D．The mother donated her ears to her son after she died.
62.What moral lesson can we draw from this reading?
A．Real love lies in what is done unknown rather than what is done known.
B．It is up to parents to help their children heart and soul.
C．True beauty lies only in the heart not in appearance.
D．It is a virtue for young generations to learn to be grateful.

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第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
What to do if a fire starts?
　　Imagine it’s late at night. You hear the smoke detectors go off. You smell smoke when you wake up. Do you know what to do?
　　If a fire starts in your home, remember your escape plan and leave as quickly as possible. Keep the following things in mind to make a safe escape.
　　●Call“Fire!”to warn everyone in your family.
　　●If you know where the fire is, close as many doors as possible between you and the fire.
　　●If you’re in bed, roll out of bed and onto the floor. Crawl on the floor next to a wall. Being near the ground makes it easier to breathe. If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth.
　　●Feel the entire surface of a door before you open it. If the door is warm or hot, do not open it. The fire is probably right outside your room. Find another way to leave the room. If the door is cool, open it a little.
　　●Look out and try to see the fire. If it is safe, leave the room. Remember to stay on the floor.
　　●If your clothes catch fire, stop immediately. Drop to the ground and roll. Remember: Stop, drop and roll.
　　●Call the fire department from outside and wait for help to arrive.
　56. What is the first thing you should do if a fire starts in your home?
　　A. Call the fire department.　　B. Call“Fire”to warn your family members.
　　C. Collect your favorite belongings to save from the burning house.
　　D. Have a white sheet from a window to let the fire department know where to go.
　57. What should you do if a fire starts and you are in bed?
　　A. Jump out of bed and run away.　　B. Roll out of bed and stand on the floor.
　　C. Stay in bed and then jump out of the window.　　D. Roll out of bed and onto the floor.
　58. What is not true according to the passage?
A. Never go back into a burning building.　
B. If your clothes catch fire, stop moving immediately.
　　C. You should call the fire department before you leave the burning building.
D. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth if possible.

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C
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64. If you get into BDU, you can _______.
A. find out everything in China
B. get the most important business information in the world
C. get the information about the latest business activities taking place in China
D. get all the information in China Daily
65. This ad. will be very helpful to ________.
A. foreign business people                 B. foreign travelers
C. Chinese people                             D. China Daily reporters
66. To get the information from BDU every day, you must _________.
A. understand Chinese                                    B. know something about the mouse
C. know how to operate a computer                   D. how to use a fax machine
67. If you have www.chinadaily.com.cn/bdu, you can get in touch with BDU by _________.
A. telephone               B. fax                        C. E-mail                   D. internet

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B
It is surprising that eating three meals a day ─ breakfast, lunch, and dinner ─ has been a custom only since 1890. Before this time, they only had two meals a day ─ breakfast and dinner.
In the 16th century, breakfast was only to break one's fast (随便吃一点). But 200 years later it had become a large meal , not just for family, but for numbers of guests as well. It was a social event, It began at 10 a.m. and lasted until l p.m.. Then breakfast began to be less popular. It became , instead, a lighter meal and was taken at a much earlier hour. By 1850 it had been pushed hack to 8 a.m.. and became a family meal.
Dinner, however, went the other way. In the 16th century it was eaten at 11 a.m.. Years later, it had moved to the early afternoon, then to 5 p. m.. By 1850 dinner time had reached 7 p.m. Lunch is a recent idea. It first appeared as a snack to fill the gap between breakfast and dinner.
59. English people did not have lunch _________.
A. before 1890    B. after 1890        C. after 16th century   D. by 1850
60. "Dinner, however, went the other way" means _________.
A. Dinner didn't go there with breakfast    B. Dinner took the same way with breakfast
C. Dinner is different from breakfast        D. Dinner is the same with breakfast
61. Lunch has been served since the end of the ________ century.
A. seventeenth    B. eighteenth        C. sixteenth           D. nineteenth
62. The selection is mostly concerned with _________.
A. what people eat for breakfast         B. what people eat for dinner
C. the history of supper                D. the history of breakfast
63. The selection leads the reader to believe that __________.
A. our custom of meals is based on English custom
B. before 1890 people also ate three meals a day
C. breakfast is the most important meal for us
D. the body can adjust to two or three meals a day

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