My name’s Geoffrey Chaucer. It was 16th April 1386, and I was in London at an inn in Southwark. Tomorrow I would go to Canterbury, to the shrine (圣地) of Saint Thomas Becket, together with twenty-nine other people. Before I say more, I want to tell you about some of the people with me.
First there was a knight, a good man who fought well and knew many different countries. He was a true friend to everyone, and always helped people when they needed it. His clothes were old, dark, and dirty from many years of fighting.
Then there was a businessman with an expensive hat on his head. The man, who looked wealthier than he truly was, always said, “I’m doing very well.” A very quick thinker, he talked about ships and the sea a lot, and showed much interest in changing money from different countries.
After the businessman came a franklin (乡绅) with a white beard. He asked people from near and far to visit him at home as he liked eating and drinking and having a good time with others. He was an important man, he knew right from wrong, and people listened to him.
There was a woman from Bath. Her face was open, and nice-looking, but she couldn’t hear very well. In her red dress, she was a big woman with a big smile and big teeth, laughing a lot and talking easily. She knew all about love.
So there we were, all thirty of us, at the inn. The landlord, a tall fat man, brought us the best dinner in London. He would also join our journey tomorrow. After we finished eating, the landlord smiled, suggesting “We’re going to Canterbury tomorrow, and that’s four days from here. One by one, let’s all tell a story on the road to make the time go quicker. And to the teller of the best story we can give a free dinner here at my inn when we get back. What do you say?” We all said “yes” happily to him. Then the question for us was: Who goes first?Which of the following can be described as kind-hearted?
| A．The knight. | B．The businessman. |
| C．The franklin. | D．The woman. |
Which is TRUE of the people described in the text?
| A．The knight always wore very expensive clothes. |
| B．The franklin usually spent time on his own. |
| C．The woman was deaf and loved the red color. |
| D．The businessman was not as rich as he seemed. |
The underlined sentence most probably means “______”.
| A．Who will be the first to be served at the inn |
| B．Who will be the first to tell a story on the road |
| C．Who will go at the front of the traveling group |
| D．Who will be the leader of the traveling group |
According to the text, Chaucer would probably arrive in Canterbury on ______.
| A．April 19th | B．April 20th |
| C．April 24th | D．April 28th |
When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the building materials and the fashions for their houses. However, since electricity became more and more expensive , people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat.
Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. In some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock. During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. The reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. The body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live. By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat.
People who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. However, home builders use the fact that heat rises. This natural law can be used in building houses in these areas, instead of keeping livestock on the first floor builders fill it with large rocks. As they are open to the sun’s rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. They also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. So these houses are energy saving.
House building becomes a great challenge to building designers and energy engineer. They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. And someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy saving houses.What did people begin to consider as electricity was no longer cheap?
| A．The climate of their areas. | B．The energy for their houses. |
| C．The fashions for their houses. | D．The building materials for their houses. |
People in some areas gain a source of heat by _________.
| A．keeping their livestock downstairs |
| B．protecting their livestock from the cold |
| C．sharing their houses only with their cows |
| D．living on the second floor with their livestock |
The underlined words “natural law ” in the third paragraph refer to the fact that ________.
| A．heat raises the temperature in the houses |
| B．heat goes in the upward direction |
| C．heat goes up if temperature is raised |
| D．heat increases the temperature of rocks |
From the passage, we can conclude that _______ .
| A．people will no longer consider building materials in the future |
| B．energy saving buildings will become more popular in the future |
| C．almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks |
| D．energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology |
What is the meaning of the underlined word “livestock” ? _______ .
| A．animals raised especially for economical benefits | B．furniture |
| C．plants kept in the house | D．general appearance of the whole family |
I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.
A few days ago, a friend tried to cheer me up by saying, “Fifty is what forty used to be.” He had made an inspirational (有灵感的) point. Am I over the hill ? People keep telling me that the hill has been moved, and I keep telling them that the high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet I once easily cleared to the four feet that is impossible for me now.
“You are not getting older, you are getting better.” Says Dr. Joyce Brothers. This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.
And so as I approach the day when I cannot even jump over the tennis net, I am moved to share some thoughts on aging with you, I am moved to show how aging feels to me physically and mentally. Getting older, of course, is obviously a better change than the one that brings you eulogies(悼词). In fact, a poet name Robert Browning considered it the best change of all:
Grow old along with me !
The best is yet to me.
Whether or not Browning was right, most of my first fifty years have been golden ones, so I will settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by. I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend(混合) of both fighting and accepting my aging, hoping that the philosopher(哲学家) was right when he said , “old is always fifteen years from now.”The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that ______.
| A．time alone will tell | B．time goes by quickly |
| C．time will show what is right | D．time makes one forget the past. |
When the author turned fifty, people around him ________ .
| A．tried to comfort him | B．got inspiration with him |
| C．were friendlier with him | D．found him more talkative |
The author considers his fifty years of life _________.
| A．peaceful | B．ordinary | C．satisfactory | D．regretful |
We can infer from the passage that ________ .
| A．the old should lead a simple life |
| B．the old should face the fact of aging |
| C．the old should take more exercise |
| D．the old should fill themselves with curiosity |
Which of the following statements is WRONG?_______.
| A．It’s hard for the author to jump over the six-feet high-jump bar now. |
| B．The author is optimistic about his future. |
| C．the author used to think 50 was far away from him. |
| D．Most elephants live less than 50 years. |
When former American President Bill Clinton traveled to South Korea to visit President Kim Young Sam, he repeatedly referred to the Korean president’s wife as Mrs. Kim. By mistake, President Clinton’s advisers thought that Koreans have the same naming customs as the Japanese. Clinton had not been told that, in Korea, wives keep their family names. President Kim Young Sam’s wife was named Sohm Myong Suk. Therefore, she should be addressed (称谓) as Mrs. Sohm.
President Clinton arrived in Korea directly after leaving Japan and had not changed his culture gears. His failure to follow Korean customs gave the impression that Korea was not as important to him as Japan.
In addition to Koreans some Asian husbands and wives do not share the same family names. This practice often puzzles English-speaking teachers when talking with a pupil’s parents. They become puzzled about the student’s correct last name. Placing the family name first is common among a number of Asian cultures.
Mexican naming customs are different as well. When a woman marries, she keeps her family name and adds her husband’s name after the word “de”, which means “of”. This affects how they fill in forms in the United States. When requested to fill in a middle name, they generally write the father’s family name. But Mexicans are addressed by the family name of the mother. This often causes puzzlement.
Here are a few ways to deal with such difficult situations: don’t always think that a married woman uses her husband’s last name. Remember that in many Asian cultures, the order of first and last names is reversed (颠倒). Ask which name a person would prefer to use. If the name is difficult to pronounce, admit it, and ask the person to help you say it correctly.The story of Bill Clinton is used to _____ .
| A．improve US Korean relations |
| B．introduce the topic of the text |
| C．describe his visit to Korea |
| D．tell us how to address a person |
The word “gears” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
| A．action plans | B．naming customs | C．travel maps | D．thinking patterns |
When a woman marries in Korea, she _____.
| A．continues to use her family name |
| B．uses her husband’s given name |
| C．shares her husband’s family name |
| D．adds her husband’s given name to hers |
To address a married woman properly, you’d better ______ .
| A．use her middle name | B．use her husband’s first name |
| C．ask her which name she likes | D．change the order of her names |
What can NOT be inferred from the text? ______ .
| A．Wives do not keep their family names in Japan. |
| B．Different countries have different naming customs in some way. |
| C．Naming custom will not cause any puzzle among Asian countries. |
| D．The naming custom in Korea is different from that of Japan. |
I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I listen. I try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows (誓约) mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.
So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion (提升)， the bigger paycheck, the larger house.
Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And remember that love is not leisure (空闲), it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted.
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.
I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned. By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived.The best title of this passage probably is ________.
| A．Love your friends | B．Live a real life |
| C．Don’t waste time | D．Be a good mother and wife |
How did the author form her view of life?
| A．By working and social experience |
| B．Learning from her friends. |
| C．Through an unfortunate experience. |
| D．Because of her children and husband. |
The underlined sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live” in the fifth paragraph probably means ______.
| A．it is so easy to keep alive but not to live a real life |
| B．it is very hard to live a real life |
| C．it is more difficult to exist than to live a happy life |
| D．it is so easy to make a living |
What is the author’s attitude toward work?
| A．Do it well to serve others. |
| B．To earn enough money to make life better. |
| C．Try your best to get higher position and pay. |
| D．Don’t let it affect your real life. |
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
| A．the author is a success in personal life |
| B．the author didn’t try her best to work well |
| C．the author spent all her time caring for her children |
| D．the author likes traveling very much |
According to some researchers, you should not praise children for everything that they do. It does not help them build self-confidence.
Most parents and teachers agree that praise can help increase children’s self-confidence —the more, the better. However, according to some researchers, only proper praise is good for children. If adults praise everything children do, it makes children look for praise all the time, not trying to do their best. "Teachers should not say things like 'good job’ or 'nice work’ whenever a child does anything. They should encourage them to continue to improve," some researchers advise.
Another idea is that children with high self-confidence are happier, and do better at school. About this, Marshall Duke, a researcher in children, says, "High self-confidence brought in by too much praise does not make children happier, get more, or become able to do more. Finding a child’s advantages (强项) and developing them can help build confidence more than too much praise can." Praise also loses its effect (影响) if it is given equally to all students.
"It’s important to tell children the truth about what they’ve done. Honest feedback (反馈) is far better than empty praise," Duke adds. "People have got into the habit of not telling children when they’re wrong. That makes it hard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. That’s just how the world is."According to some researchers, if parents praise their children too much, their children will ______.
| A．always look for praise | B．increase self-confidence |
| C．become strong | D．do better in their studies |
In order to help children build self-confidence, some researchers advise parents to ______.
| A．make them live more happily | B．let them do more difficult work |
| C．help them do better in school | D．encourage them to improve |
Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
| A．The same praise for all children has no meaning |
| B．Children don’t know what they’re really good at. |
| C．Praise makes children become successful. |
| D．Duke thinks praise is more important than finding children’s strengths. |
What is the last paragraph about?
| A．It’s important to have the habit of praising children. |
| B．Children should know their mistakes as soon as possible. |
| C．We should praise children honestly and tell them their mistakes. |
| D．What children with high self-confidence are like. |
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