In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism--the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize all possible basic knowledge. Instead, they work individually and find answers by themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.
In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the orient reflects society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments.
There are advantages and disadvantages of both systems of education. For example, one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about math, physics, biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.
The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from school, they haven’t memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have. The reason why American teachers attach much importance to individualism is that
_________.
| A．they are required to do so |
| B．their students do not memorize information |
| C．the United States is a country of many cultures |
| D．their students work individually |
Which of the following statements applies to Asian methods of education?
| A．Each child in a classroom draws a different picture. |
| B．students have to find information themselves. |
| C．Students are prepared for a society that values discipline. |
| D．Teachers serve as a guide in discussion. |
Which is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．The system of education in the West is more creative than that in the East. |
| B．Japanese students learn much more about science than American students. |
| C．Canadian students are more individual than Korean students. |
| D．Students in North America are not so friendly as those in Asia. |
From the facts, we can infer that ______ .
| A．Asian students are more likely to do better in teamwork than American students |
| B．Chinese students are more hard-working in their studies than Mexican students |
| C．the Western educational system is much better than the Eastern educational system |
| D．the Eastern educational system is as difficult as the Western educational system |
What is the best title for the passage?
| A．Advantages and Disadvantages of Educational System. |
| B．The Value of Individualism. |
| C．Educational System-an Obvious Difference between the East and the West. |
| D．Memorization-an Important Learning Method. |
Doctors’ moonlighting is becoming popular in hospitals around China. It has not only raised a lot of heated discussions in the media, but also caught the attention of the central government in Beijing.
On December 26, a spokesman of the Ministry of Health stressed that the ministry was firmly against doctors’ moonlighting, while strict regulations should be applied to doctors taking part-time jobs, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
Last year, the Ministry sent out a notice to a variety of health organizations to speed up the reform of their personnel （人事） system. According to the notice, medical organizations can hire medical experts as part-time doctors but such activities should take place under the hospital’s management and regulations（规定）.
As for moonlighting--meaning that the doctor provides medical service without the permission of the original hospital--such activity goes against China’s Practicing Doctor Law, Xinhua reported.
In China, doctors used to be controlled by hospitals and they could work for only one hospital. However, as China’s medical personnel system reform developed, it has been recognized that medical human resources, just like human resources in other areas, should be shared by the whole society. But on the other hand, doctors’ taking part-time jobs should follow the relative regulations applied in the medical field.
First of all, they should follow relative government laws and regulations. They should also follow the rules and regulations set by the medical organizations they work for. In addition, they should pay taxes for their income from the part-time jobs. What matters most is that they should first finish their regular jobs as required and be responsible for patients to ensure qualified and safe medical treatment.
What is the greatest difference between moonlighting and taking part-time jobs?
| A．Doctors can earn more money by moonlighting than by taking part-time jobs. |
| B．Doctors pay fewer taxes for the money made by moonlighting than by taking part-time jobs. |
| C．Taking part-time jobs is permitted by hospitals while moonlighting is-against the present regulations. |
| D．Doctor’s part-time jobs, instead of moonlighting, are encouraged by health organizations. |
From this passage we know that doctors are allowed to nowadays.
| A．only work for one hospital | B．work for more than one hospital |
| C．work any time when they are free | D．be out of control of hospitals |
The passage is taken most probably from .
| A．a notice sent out by the Ministry of Health |
| B．regulations made by health organizations |
| C．China’s Practicing Doctor Law |
| D．a magazine or a newspaper |
According to the passage, we have got to know that .
| A．all doctors around China prefer moonlighting to part-time jobs |
| B．moonlighting has been permitted by China’s practicing Doctor Law |
| C．taxes should be paid for the money doctors get from their part-time jobs |
| D．strict management policies have been adopted to direct the moonlighting |
Hidden in our subconsciousness(潜意识）is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing , of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls.
But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, condemning(谴责）the minutes for loitering(虚度）— waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.
"When we reach the station, that will be it!”we cry. "When I’m 38." "When I buy a new 450SL Mercdes Benz!""When I put the last kid through college.""When I have paid off the debt!" "When I get a promotion.""When I reach the age of rement, I shall live happily ever after!"
Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream.It constantly outdistances us.
"Relish(appreciate) the moment" is a good motto, actually it isn’t the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.
So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more and cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. Then the station will come soon enough.
Why does the author describe the mental picture?
| A．To lead us into a perfect world. | B．To let people enjoy the scenery. |
| C．To introduce an actual trip of his. | D．To compare it to our life’s journey. |
How do people feel when they’re on their trip?
| A．Puzzled. | B．Happy. | C．Relaxed. | D．Impatient. |
What does the author mean by "Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of
today" in Line 2 Paragraph 5?
| A．Regret and fear are responsible for the loss of today. |
| B．We must be careful of the two thieves: regret and fear. |
| C．Regret and fear stop us from enjoying our present life. |
| D．We’re frequently challenged by the two: regret and fear. |
Why does the author write the passage?
| A．To teach us a good lesson. |
| B．To tell us the right attitude to life. |
| C．To advise us to forget our worries. |
| D．To stop us wandering along the aisles. |
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Basic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses （镜头）. Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $ 50. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. &Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines.
Understanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can’t do, and how to use them. Course charge: $ 75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan. 14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-9:50 pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University.
He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.
Stop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it’s the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $ 30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wends. 4:00-7:00 pm. Dr. John Goode is a practicing psychologist （心理学家） who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
Typing This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Materials charge: $ 25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.
All the courses listed above are offered to the people .
| A．who live in the city of Chicago | B．who are free in the evening |
| C．who want to take some special courses | D．who like to learn something new |
Of all the courses mentioned in the passage, the shortest one is .
| A．Understanding Computers | B．Basic Photography |
| C．Stop Smoking | D．Typing |
There are typing courses .
| A．on Saturdays and Sundays | B．from Monday to Friday |
| C．from Monday to Saturday | D．on each day in the week |
One Sunday a few of us decided to take advantage of the first sunny day we’d have for ages to take a trip down to the coast to visit the penguins again. Last time I went down there was a couple of months ago and it was a dull cold day. Sunday couldn’t have been more different — clear skies and sunshine made it feel like summer, although it was still -25°C.
Six of us drove to the coast. It was the first time we’d been off the base on our own without our field assistant, so it had a slightly different feeling — more like a few friends going to the seaside than an Antarctic field trip! When we reached Windy Creek, we luckily caught sight of quite a few small flying seabirds, which are seldom seen there.
Once on the sea ice we found that some of the more curious penguins had wandered over from the main group to come and check us out. We’d been told that then they were nursing their chicks (刚孵出的幼雏) and they would be more careful and nervous than last time, but that didn’t seem to be the case. We walked across to the main group which were stretched for a couple of miles along the coast. We sat down for some sandwiches and soon found ourselves surrounded by many curious observers. Without any attackers on land, they were very brave and came within a meter of us to pose (摆姿势) for photos.
Before heading back, we spent a few hours on the sea ice watching the penguins and their chicks, which had grown dramatically (明显地) since our last visit. It was such a nice day.
When did the trip most probably happen?
| A．On a dull Sunday. | B．On a warm Sunday. |
| C．On a summer Sunday. | D．On a winter Sunday. |
It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the six people _____.
| A．felt a little nervous |
| B．felt a little excited |
| C．were left all by themselves on their Antarctic base |
| D．got bored with staying with their field assistant |
What does the writer mean by saying “but that didn’t seem to be the case”?
| A．They were told a lie. |
| B．A wrong decision was made. |
| C．The truth was the opposite. |
| D．They didn’t believe what they were told. |
The six people did the following during the trip EXCEPT _____.
| A．feed the penguins |
| B．take pictures of the penguins |
| C．enjoy watching flying seabirds |
| D．watch the young penguins |
From a very early age，some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now，a new study that began with about 1, 000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. 
Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. They observed the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents，teachers，even the kids themselves，scored the youngsters on measures like“ acting before thinking ”and “Persistence in reaching goals. ”
The study led by Moffitt of Duke University and colleagues followed 1,000 children from birth to age 32 in Dunedin, New Zealand.
“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age three to ten，later on had the most health problems in their 30s，” Moffitt said，“and they had the worst financial situation. They were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income. ”Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed，and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.
Moffitt said it’s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others，though she said other researchers have found that it’s mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-control can be set to run in families because children with good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents. But the good news，Moffitt said，is that self-control can be taught by parents，and through school curricula that have been shown to be effective.
From the first two paragraphs we learn that .
| A．the research has been carried out for five years |
| B．self-control in kids tends to determine their future |
| C．self-control was assessed by children’s intelligence |
| D．children’s self-control is almost the same at early age |
Children with low self-control are more likely to .
| A．become wealthy in later life | B．get good school performance |
| C．have better financial planning | D．adopt negative behaviors |
According to Moffitt, .
| A．only good genetic factors can shape their lives in the future |
| B．scientists know well why some children have better self-control |
| C．self-control in childhood has nothing to do with criminal activity |
| D．willpower as a child really influences people’s chances of adulthood |
What can be inferred from the passage?
| A．Self-control cannot be taught in schools. |
| B．The study is restricted within few participants. |
| C．It’s never too late to deal with self-control problems. |
| D．Good parenting can improve self-control and life success. |
Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
| A．Child’s self-control predicts future health, success |
| B．Kids are encouraged to take risks at an early age |
| C．Children’s development cannot be changed by teachers |
| D．How to teach the kids a bit of self-control in schools |
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