Darek Fidyka, a 38-year-old Bulgarian, had been paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down for four years after a knife attack. Scientists from Britain and Poland took cells from his nose, transplanted (移植) them into his back and re-grew his spinal cord (脊髓). Now he can walk and even drive a car. The doctors were delighted but said it was the first step in a long journey.
The breakthrough came after 40 years of research by Professor Geoff Raisman, who found that cells had the possibility to repair damage to nasal (鼻腔的) nerves, the only part of the nervous system that constantly re-grows. “The idea was to take something from an area where the nervous system can repair itself and put it into an area that doesn’t repair itself,” Professor Raisman said.
Polish doctors injected (注射) the nasal cells into Mr Fidyka’s spinal cord above the injury and used some nerves from his ankle to form a bridge across the damaged tissue. The nasal cells appear to have caused the spinal nerves to repair themselves.
Professor Raisman achieved this with rats in the late 1990’s, but this is his greatest success. “I think the moment of discovery for me was Christmas in 1997 when I first saw a rat, which couldn’t control its hand, put its hand out to me. That was an exciting moment, because I realized then that my belief that the nervous system could be repaired was true.”
Doctors chose the easiest case for their first attempt—it might not work for others. But there is a real sense of hope that an idea once thought impossible has been realized.
David Nicholls, who helped provide money for the breakthrough, said information about the breakthrough would be made available to researchers across the globe.
“What you’ve got to understand is that for three million paralyzed people in the world today, the world looks a totally brighter place than it did yesterday,” he said. Why did Professor Geoff Raisman choose cells from the nose?
| A．The nervous system in the nose can repair itself. |
| B．Cells from the nose can be easily transplanted. |
| C．The nervous system in the nose has more cells. |
| D．Cells in the nose are able to re-produce rapidly. |
How did the operation work for Darek Fidyka?
| A．The nervous system in the spinal nerves can repair itself. |
| B．The nerves from his ankle cured the patient of the injury. |
| C．The nasal cells re-produced and spread over very quickly. |
| D．The nasal cells helped the spinal nerves to repair themselves. |
What made Professor Geoff Raisman begin to believe the nervous system can be repaired?
| A．His former study with other people. | B．His operation on a paralyzed patient. |
| C．His sudden thought about Christmas. | D．His unusual experience with a sick rat. |
David Nicholls’ words suggest that _______.
| A．the world will become a better and brighter place |
| B．paralyzed people of today have the hope of recovery |
| C．the report of the breakthrough will be published soon |
| D．researchers across the world will carry out the operation |
Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not , I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA(personal bank account ).I love how singer Judy Garland put it, “Always be a first-class version(版本) of yourself , instead of a second-class version of somebody else .”
Then there’s honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your boss? If you’ve ever been dishonest, I think we all have, try being honest, and notice how whole it makes you feel. Remember, you can’t do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example of that:
In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn’t do well. I was really good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I’d write on a little piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off.
At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn’t thinking about how it could hurt all of us. After a while I realized I shouldn’t do that anymore, because I wasn’t really helping them. They weren’t learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn’t helping me.
It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit（储蓄）into your PBA and will build strength.The underlined part “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means “ ”.
Which of the following can best explain Judy Garland’s words?
| A．Be your true self rather than follow others. |
| B．Don’t copy others or you can’t be the first class. |
| C．Make efforts to be the first instead of the second. |
| D．Don’t learn from others unless they’re excellent. |
What does the author expect to show by Jeff’s story ？
| A．honesty can be of great help. |
| B．A bad thing can be turned into a good one. |
| C．Helping others cheat can do good to nobody. |
| D．One should realize the wrong in his bad deeds. |
In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to express .
| A．one must be brave to be honest |
| B．it’s difficult to be honest when others are not |
| C．one should be honest when making a deposit |
| D．honesty in one’s actions can help him in the future |
July 21st, 2007 was a typical English summer’s day — it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I lift work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded. Our house bad never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids weren’t with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls, ceilings pulled down.
At first we tried to push on through. We didn’t want to move the children out of home, so we camped upstairs. we put a sheet of plastic across the floor to protect us from the damp. But after three months, we felt very sick, so we moved to a wooden house in a park. The house was small, but at first we were all just delighted to be in a new place. Unfortunately, things took longer than expected and we were there for 10 months. The life there was inconvenient. What surprised me most was how much I missed being part of a community（社区）.We had lived in a friendly village with good neighbours, and I’d never thought how much I’d miss that.
Although-our situation was very bad, it’s difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what’s happening elsewhere. I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought , “We didn’t have a straw hut（茅草房）that was swept away , and our house is still sanding . We’re lucky .”
We moved back home in August. With December coming, there’s reconstruction work to be done, so it’s difficult to prepare for Christmas. But I can’t wait — I’m going to throw a party for our friends in the village to say thanks for their support. This year , I won’t need any gifts — living away from home for months has made me realize how little we actually need or miss all our possessions . Although we are replacing things, there’s really no rush — we have our home back, and that’s the main thing.What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean?
| A．Wrong. | B．Missing. | C．Right. | D．Found. |
It can be inferred from the text that the author .
| A．was sick of staying upstairs |
| B．cared much about her children |
| C．could not stand living a wooden house |
| D．did not deal well with her family affairs during the flood |
Why does author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph?
| A．Because her situation was not serious. |
| B．Because many other places were flooded. |
| C．Because she had been to Northern India. |
| D．Because some others suffered even more. |
What does the author mainly want to express by telling her story?
| A．She valued human feelings more than before. |
| B．She realized she almost didn’t need possessions. |
| C．She found Christmas gifts no longer badly needed. |
| D．She thought her own home was the most important. |
Hey there,
So you’re about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your patent’s money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever stop to wonder why you’re going?
Relax. You’re making the right decision. First of all, you’ll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. For example, it’s hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you’ve never painted any picture; once you’re in a drawing-room on campus, you’ll know one way or the other. College is also a lot of fun — after you graduate, you’ll be working every weekday for 50 or so years. And remember that college graduates earn about twice the income of those who never attended college.
Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way.
*Researching Schools. To us, the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best — not the one that is the most competitive (有竞争力的) or has the best-equipped rooms.
*Applying to School. On JohnsonReview.com , you’ll find hundreds of actual college applications（申请）and links to many more .
*Raising Your Scores. American College Test is one of the most difficult parts of the admissions (录取) course . It’s nor the most important, though, and not everyone needs to prepare for the test. But, if you think you can do better, find the right course for better scores.
*Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college rather than learning the ways to get financial aid . If you really do your research, you’ll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost. For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonReview.com. Wherever you go, have a nice trip!
Johnson Smith
Founder and CEO
Johnson ReviewHow many reasons for going to college does the author mention in the text ?
| A．2 | B．3 | C．4 | D．5 |
The author thinks you should choose the college that is _______.
| A．well-equipped | B．competitive | C．suitable | D．famous |
What does the author advise you to do to pay the high cost of college?
| A．To ask the family for help |
| B．To make a study of financial courses. |
| C．To do research on the price of college |
| D．To get to know how to ask for financial aid |
What’s the author’s purpose of writing this test?
| A．To suggest ways to prepare for college learning |
| B．To help readers find the right college |
| C．To make Johnson Review popular |
| D．To introduce college life |
SECTION B
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Chinese cuisine（菜肴）is widely known and enjoyed in the world. But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East - the ancient custom of “tonic food.”
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being, or stave off sickness, particularly at times when one is more likely to fall ill. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame-oil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.
In fact, some Western theories of health are similar to the beliefs in Chinese tonic food, although each takes a different path toward the very same goal. Western medicine actually recommends some of the exact same ingredients that make up tonic foods. Sesame oil can provide lots of calories, and chicken meat is particularly high in protein. Any Western doctor should be happy to suggest such a Chinese dish after childbirth.
The elderly, weak, and young can also benefit greatly from tonic foods, especially during the winter. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot,” while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radish, are seen as “cold.” One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
“Warm” or “cool” tonic foods are strongly recommended. The choices for “warm” and “cool” foods range from simple sea cucumber to the delicacy of bird’s nest soup, depending on the individual’s economic circumstances.
The concept of tonic food is far from losing credibility, either with Westerners or practitioners of modern medicine. For example, up until two years ago, tonic foods were added to the meals served at a renowned hospital.
1. What attitude do the young in the East hold towards “tonic food”? （不超过5个词）(2分)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are some Western theories of health considered similar to the Chinese beliefs in tonic food? (不超过11个词)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. List four factors deciding the amount of tonic food. （不超过20个词）
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. What does the passage mainly talk about? （不超过6个词）
______________________________________________________________________________
PART FOUR WRITING
SECTION A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
On 3 March 2009, a package of reforms about ATM charge designed to improve competition in the Australian ATM system came into effect. Specifically, the reforms have made it easier for new providers of ATM services to enter the market and have provided ATM owners with the freedom to charge customers for the use of ATMs. Furthermore, the reforms have increased the transparency of ATM fees by ensuring that the fee charged by the ATM owner is displayed prior(在…之前) to the transaction(交易) being finished, with the customer given the opportunity to cancel the transaction at no cost.
One element of the reforms is the removal of interchange fees that card issuers paid to ATM owners when cardholders used ATMs that did not belong to their financial institution. These fees were often passed on, with a huge profit, by card issuers to cardholders in the form of a “foreign fee”. With the removal of interchange fees, the cost to card issuers when their customers use an ATM belonging to another unit has fallen, reducing the need to charge “foreign fees”.
Following the reforms, an ATM owner can charge a cardholder directly for an ATM transaction. When the ATM owner charges such a fee, it must be disclosed before the cardholder withdraws the cash or makes a balance enquiry, and it doesn’t apply if the transaction is cancelled before completion. And an ATM owner could impose direct charges on all customers, including its own if it’s also a financial institution.
Before the reforms, an interchange fee was paid by the cardholder’s financial institution to the ATM owner whenever a “foreign” ATM transaction was undertaken. And now the interchange fee paid has been cancelled and, in line with this, foreign fees have also fallen. In some cases, including two of the major banks, foreign fees were reduced to zero.
Title: 71___________
I. Time of 72. : on 3 March 2009
II. 73. : to improve competition in the Australian ATM system
III. 74. :
u Making it easier for new 75. to enter the market
u Offering ATM owners the freedom to charge customers for 76.
u 77. ________________ of ATM fees
u 78.____________that card issuers paid to ATM owners when cardholders used ATMs not belonging to their financial institution
u A cardholder: being charged directly for an ATM transaction
u An ATM owner: being able to 79. on all customers
IV. 80. of interchange fee:
u Before the reforms: often being charged by the cardholder’s financial institution
u After the reforms: having fallen and some being reduced to zero
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