WhywasBastilleimportanttotheci

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更新 2022-09-03
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Why was Bastille important to the citizens of Paris? The building of the Bastille had been started in 1370 under Charles V. By the seventeenth century, it had stopped to be important for defense. Cardinal Richelieu turned it into a prison. It was not an ordinary prison to punish common crimes. Its huge doors closed only on enemies of the King. The Bastille's workings were secret. Prisoners were taken to it in closed vehicles. Soldiers on guard duty had to stand with their faces to the wall. No talking was allowed. Worst of all, a prisoner never knew if he would be there a day, a week, a year, or forever. Only the King's letter could set him free.
Over the years, the number of arrests by King's letter had become fewer. By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions(贪污腐败) of the government. Voltaire, the famous French writer, spent a year there in 1717-1718, and another 12 days in 1726.
For those who believed in free speech and free thinking, the Bastille stood for everything evil. The day it was captured, only seven prisoners were found inside. Still, the Bastille was hated by the people. It was a symbol of the King's complete power.
The Bastille had been a prison ______.

A．since the time of Charles V

B．since 1370

C．since the time of Cardinal Richelieu

D．before the seventeenth century

According to the passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A．Voltaire was twice put in the Bastille.

B．The Bastille was only for those who were opposed to the King.

C．Things done in the Bastille were hardly known to people outside.

D．Anyone who did something wrong could find himself suddenly in the Bastille.

At the time of its fall, the Bastille housed ______.

A．only a few prisoners

B．a lot of writers who had been against the government

C．a large number of prisoners

D．some dozens of people who believed in free speech and free thinking

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．All prisoners in the Bastille had to stay there for life.

B．Over the years the number of prisoners in the Bastille was getting more and more.

C．The King could put people in, or let them go out, as he wanted.

D．At the time it was captured, there were so few prisoners in it that it meant little to the people.

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四、阅读理解（共两节，每小题２分，计40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
Mr White came out of the airport. He asked every taxi-driver’s name. Then he took the third taxi. It cost $5 from the airport to the hotel,“ How much does it cost for the whole day? ”he asked.
“$100,” said the taxi-driver. This was very expensive but Mr White agreed.
The taxt-driver took Mr White everywhere. He showed the driver $100 and said, “what about tomorrow?”
“Tomorrow? It’s another $100 tomorrow.”
“Ok,” said Mr White, “If that’s the price, see you tomorrow!” The driver was very pleased.
The next day they traveled to several places. And in the second evening they went to the hotel again. Mr. White and above all, $100 a day is good money. So he asked Mr White, “Where do you come from?”
“I come from New York.” Mr White answered.
“New York!” said the driver, “I have a sister in New York. Her name is Susannan. Do you know her?”
“Of course I know her. She gave me $200 for you.”
1. Mr White got to another place _______.
by train B. by air C. in plane D. by ship
2. The price of $ 100 a day was _____ in this city.
A. expensive B. cheap C. nice D. fair
3. Why was the taxi-driver pleased? Becaude _____.
his sister brought so much money to him
his sister knew Mr White
he got $100 a day
he became a guide of Mr White
4. We can learn that ____ from this story.
Mr White didn’t know the taxi-driver’s sister
the driver knew Mr White was his sister’s friend
Mr White was given back $ 200
Mr White knew the taxi-driver’s sister

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1. All of the following hotels are close to the sea EXCEPT __________.
A. S W France                     B. The Blakeney Hotel
C. Willapark Manor Hotel            D. The Country Garden Hotel
2. If you want to take your children and your dog with you on holiday, you can choose ______.
A. The Country Garden Hotel         B. Willapark Manor Hotel
C. The Bay Hotel                   D. Boscastle
3. One of the hotels offers special price for __________.
A. young people   B. elderly people   C. foreign guests    D. students
4. The purpose of the passage is to ______________.
A. warn           B. advise          C. describe              D. advertise

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In 1837, the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word "queue" (排队). He spoke of the French and their "habit of standing in a queue". Forty years later Paris was the best place to wait in line.
However, queuing became popular in Britain too. The Second World War was the golden age of queuing, and people joined any line in the hope that it was a queue for something to buy. This was the source of many Second World War jokes:
Shopkeeper to customer: Excuse me, miss, are you pregnant (怀孕的) ?
Customer:            Well, I wasn't when I joined the queue.
Today, according to research in America, we (in Britain) can spend up to 5 years of our lives确queuing- as compared to twelve months looking for things we have lost. But things may be changing. Many people no longer have the patience to stand in a queue. The law of the jungle (丛林) has begun to operate at bus stops, with people using their arms to push others out of the way.
One way to make life easier is to introduce "queue management". Customers at supermarket cheese counters can now take a ticket with a number which appears on a screen when it is their turn. And while they wait for their number, they can do a bit of shopping.
In some booking offices there is also a system telling customers how long they may have to wait before they are served.
One of the latest technical progress is the use of an electronic scanner (电子识别器) which can read all the contents of your shopping basket or trolley in just a few seconds. If these become popular, queuing in supermarkets may become a thing of the past.
But some people just like queuing. One man queued all night for Harrods famous January sale, and then returned home for breakfast at nine o' clock the next morning without going into the shop.
1 The joke in Paragraph 2 implies （暗示）that the young woman ______.
A. has been waiting in the queue for a long time
B. doesn't need to stand in the queue
C. enjoys standing in the queue
D. has stood in the wrong line
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. The British spend more time queuing than looking for lost things.
B. The Americans criticized the British for their way of queuing.
C. The British are always patient when they wait in line.
D. People queue only when they want to buy something.
3. The British try to solve the problem of queuing by all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. making a law to prevent queuing
B. telling the customers the waiting time
C. using numbered tickets to put the customers in order
D. checking the price of the goods customers buy with a scanner
4. We can infer （推论）from the passage that ______.
A. queue management doesn’t work well
B. there is still queuing in England
C. we don't see much queuing in Paris
D. the French like queuing more than the British

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"Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?" asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. "There is certainly a lot of energy in waves," he said.
Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. "The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves," Taylor said. "Waves are one of nature's ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey."
When waves come toward the shore, people can set up darns to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机). The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.
"The resource is huge," said Janet Swain of the World-watch Institute. "We will never run out of wave power." Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil or coal. Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth's surface - that would make wave power seem ideal for creating energy throughout the world, though there are some weak points yet to overcome.
Swain said that wave power still costs too much money. She also said that its effects on sea animals are still unknown. What is more, wave power could affect fishing and boat traffic.
Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out. "Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is rising rapidly throughout the world," Swain said. In the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!
1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers' knowledge about waves     B. draw the readers' attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor's importance           D. invite the readers to answer them
2. The underlined phrase "picking up" (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.
A. starting again    B. speeding up          C. gathering        D. improving
3. We can make better use of wave energy if we ______.
A. shorten its journey to thousands of homes
B. build more small power stations on the oceans
C. reduce the cost of turning it into electric power
D. quicken the steps of producing electricity
4. It can be inferred（推论） that some day we might not worry about ______.
A. air pollution     B. our boat traffic    C. our power supply   D. our supply of sea fish

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Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that's never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评), which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. "Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risks. "The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise," says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand."
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm. (热情) "When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That's a great force ! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself - You will be followed by everyone.
1. The underlined word "cultivated" (Paragraph 1 ) roughly means ______.
A. encouraged       B. compared            C. examined         D. developed
2. The part Always give credit tells us that a leader should ______.
A. give helpful criticism                      B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances      D. praise everyone
3. To be a good leader, you should ______.
A. not be afraid of any risks
B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures
D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques      B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders                        D. How to Be a Leader

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