Youmayhavenoticedthattheworld′

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更新 2022-09-03
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You may have noticed that the world′s population is not evenly distributed(分布) around our planet. There are some countries where people seem to be living nearly on top of each other because conditions are overcrowded. Then there are others where it seems that hardly anybody lives. What influences this unequal distribution of people? There are specific advantages and disadvantages of *diving in a certain area.
The two main factors that influence people`s choice of location are climate and resources. Climate is the usual weather conditions in a region. Areas that have bad weather are generally less deal as places to live in. The north and south poles at the top and bottom of the world may be beautiful in their rugged, natural way, but the disadvantage of the bitterly cold and windy conditions usually keeps people away. When it comes to climate, warm conditions and a normal amount of rainfall are advantages that attract people.
Natural resources are things that we get from nature that help us survive. Each region offers different resources, and therefore attracts different groups of people. People who enjoy the beach can make their living by catching and selling the ocean′s many fish and other sea creatures. Those who prefer farming can take advantage of rich soil(土壤) in valleys near rivers. Some people are willing to accept the disadvantages of the terrible conditions of deserts or mountains in order to take advantage of the resources like oil or woods.
The underlined part “on top of ”in the first paragraph most likely means_______.

A．very close to	B．on the highest part of
C．in control of	D．on the surface of

What are the main factors that influence the distribution of people?

A．Resources and oceans.	B．Climate and rivers.
C．Climate and resources.	D．Warm conditions and rainfall.

The writer thinks many people don′t live near the north or south pole because ________.

A．they can′t get enough food there

B．they natural sights there don′t attract people

C．the unpleasant weather keeps them away

D．the length of nighttime is too short or too long

Why do people go and live in valleys near rivers?

A．The temperature isn′t too low in winter.

B．the resources like oil can bring them much money.

C．People can make their living by catching and selling fish.

D．It′s easier for people to grow plants or keep animals.

The purpose of the example in the last paragraph is to tell us _______.

A．people cannot survive in cold conditions

B．different resources attract different groups of people

C．People usually prefer living at the seaside to living in mountains

D．a normal amount of rainfall is necessary for people to live in the desert

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相关试题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.

Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.

The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.

Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.

The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.

Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.

（1）According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.

A．	anxious to do wonders
B．	sensitive to others' feelings
C．	likely to develop unpleasant habits
D．	eager to explore the world around them

（2）What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?

A．	To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B．	To stop complaining all the time.
C．	To follow the teacher's advice.
D．	To admit mistakes honestly.

（3）The bird watchers' behavior shows that they __________.

A．	are very patient in their observation
B．	are really fascinated by nature
C．	care only about the names of birds
D．	question the accuracy of the field guides

（4）Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?

A．	The natural beauty isn't attractive to them.
B．	They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C．	The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D．	They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.

（5）In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.

A．	fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B．	get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C．	open our mind to new things and ideas
D．	try our best to protect nature

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.

Food production

With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that - it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.

Sustainability(可持续性）

The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.

Nutrition

Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand."

Challenges

Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.

（1）What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?

A．	It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B．	It saves time and effort in cooking.
C．	It improves the cooking conditions.
D．	It contributes to restaurant decorations.

（2）What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?

A．	It solves food shortages easily.
B．	It quickens the transportation of food.
C．	It needs no space for the storage of food.
D．	It uses renewable materials as sources of food.

（3）According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.

A．	is more available to consumers
B．	can meet individual nutritional needs
C．	is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D．	can keep all the nutrition in raw materials

（4）What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?

A．	The printing process is complicated.
B．	3D food printers are too expensive.
C．	Food materials have to be dry.
D．	Some experts doubt 3D food printing.

（5）What could be the best title of the passage?

A．	3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology
B．	A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C．	The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D．	3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to tum it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "

"Oh, stop. There it is!"

The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.

"May I help you?" a man asked. "No," I said. "We're fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are?" he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What's this place?" I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "

"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品）up there."She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.

The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.

Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"

"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. "

"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."

（1）What do we know about Marian McNay?

A．	She was a painter.
B．	She was a community leader.
C．	She was a museum director.
D．	She was a journalist.

（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?

A．	She disliked people who were nosy.
B．	She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C．	She knew more about art than the man.
D．	She mistook him for a tour guide.

（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?

A．	Puzzled.
B．	Concerned.
C．	Frightened.
D．	Delighted.

（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?

A．	The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B．	She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C．	The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D．	The event happening in the house was more significant.

（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph?

A．	People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B．	People should spend more time with their family.
C．	People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D．	People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Fire Prevention Information

The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.

Fire Alarms

The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.

Fire Drills

A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:

•Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.

•Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.

•Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.

Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.

Smoke Detector

A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:

•If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.

•Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.

•If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.

（1）What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?

A．	To provide part-time jobs for students.
B．	To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C．	To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D．	To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.

（2）What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?

A．	Pipes and smoke detectors.
B．	Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C．	Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D．	Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.

（3）In a fire drill, the students should.

A．	rush quickly to a lift
B．	gather at the nearest exit
C．	shut the door and leave at once
D．	wait for instructions in the hall

（4）What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?

A．	Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B．	Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C．	Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D．	Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.

（5）To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.

A．	contact the hall staff regularly
B．	cover the things that burn easily
C．	start the smoke detector in a fire
D．	make certain the red light is working

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerableto the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."

（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A．	The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B．	The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C．	The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D．	The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

（2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．	Sensitive
B．	Beneficial
C．	Significant
D．	Unnoticeable

（3）What can we learn from the passage?

A．	Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B．	Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C．	Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D．	Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.

（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．	To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B．	To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C．	To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D．	To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton

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