【2013年河南】Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.
For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would take someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.
Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!
Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause end effect, could you tell?
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?
| A．Someone puts on a heavy jacket. |
| B．Someone works in the penguin pen. |
| C．Someone will go outside into cold weather. |
| D．Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink. |
Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. Which of the following isn’t the possible cause?
| A．He bullied another student. |
| B．He is going shopping. |
| C．His is being picking up early. |
| D．He is being given a prize. |
What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?
| A．He was going outside. |
| B．He was reading a story. |
| C．He was sleepwalking. |
| D．He was looking for his dad. |
Which of the following is cause and effect?
| A．Tony got up and had a glass of water. |
| B．We came home and found him sleeping. |
| C．The ball was lost and a window was broken. |
| D．Tim was late again and his teacher got angry. |
What is the best title for the next?
| A．Truth and lies | B．Work and sleep |
| C．Cause and effect | D．Life and dreams |
| My Favorite Sweater By Bonnie Highsmith Taylor My favorite sweater grew too small. I love that sweater best of all. My grandma made it when I was three. She made that sweater just for me. I picked the yarn (纱线), a special blue. The color of bluebells (蓝色风铃花), wet with dew (露珠). When I was three I was very small. But now I’m five and much too tall. I have a new jacket now that’s green. So I gave my sweater to our cat Queen. Queen just gave birth to kittens in the shed (小屋). My favorite sweater is now their bed. |
Who is the writer of the poem?
| A．The grandma. | B．Miss Taylor. |
| C．Kitten. | D．Queen. |
How old is the girl in this poem now?
| A．She is 3. | B．She is 4 |
| C．She is 5. | D．She is 6. |
Whose name is Queen?
| A．The girl’s. | B．Her grandma’s. |
| C．Her mother’s. | D．The cat’s. |
What color is the girl’s new jacket?
| A．Green. | B．Blue. | C．Red. | D．Purple. |
The underlined word “kitten” in this poem most probably means ．
| A．a kind of food | B．a baby cat |
| C．a kind of drink | D．a bed for a baby |
In modern society(社会) there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, for they believe that it is helpful for social progress and richness. Others say that competition is bad, and that it sets one person against another and leads to unfriendliness between people. I have trained many children who held the belief(看法) that their self worth came from how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life and death matters. Sadly, they forget to develop many other human qualities. However, while some seem to be lost in the strong wish to succeed, others think quite the opposite. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary(普通) players, they strongly blame competition, especially youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures(压力) from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often find that they even choose to fail. They seem to choose failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse, “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” In fact, they are worried that if they had really tried and failed, the failure would mean that they were worth nothing. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self worth comes from how well one performs in comparison(比较) with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. We can only discover a new meaning in competition as such worries and fear begin to disappear.
Title: Opinions about competition
Main argument Some believe that competition can push society , while others think competition
unfriendliness between people. Children’s performances Some children
care about performing well and winning.
Some children give up trying to prevent themselves from .Reason behind They think one can prove his self worth only by performing better than others in competition. Writer’s
to children Understand the new meaning of competition.
“The British government will offer ￡1,000,000 to anyone who can solve the world’s biggest problem—whatever it might be,” said Prime Minister(首相) David Cameron at a science conference. In an unusual competition, the Government will ask people to find out the greatest challenge(挑战) today, such as finding a replacement(替代) for oil, producing low cost food or curing AIDS/HIV. When the toughest problem has been decided, the Prime Minister will give away ￡1,000,000 to the person who successfully works out the answer. The competition follows the example of the Longitude Prize started by the government in 1714, which offered ￡20,000 (worth ￡6,000,000 today) to anyone who could discover how far east or west ships had sailed. Sailors could work out their location north and south, and were able to decide their local time from the sun. However, they needed to know the time at a reference(参照) point in order to find out how far they had travelled east or west. Many people thought the problem was impossible to solve, but the prize was finally won by John Harrison, an ordinary worker. He did this by designing a clock that kept accurate(准确的) time at sea and made it possible for sailors to work out their location. Almost exactly 300 years on, Mr Cameron will have a group of scientists collect suggestions and draw up a short list of problems facing the world. He will then start a race to solve the most difficult problem. A government officer said, “We want people to think big: what does the world need and how can we achieve that? We are looking for the next penicillin(青霉素), airplane or World Wide Web. Something that is going to really change what we do and how we live our lives—sending us ahead in the global race. ”According to Mr Cameron, it is important to “encourage new ideas” and “attract back the best and the brightest” to Britain. The British government promises ￡1,000,000 to any person who .
| A．can solve the biggest challenge facing the world |
| B．can find how the next penicillin works on illnesses |
| C．can think of the most difficult problem in the world |
| D．can help the Prime Minister run his government better |
The Longitude Prize is mentioned mainly to .
| A．explain why the government set up the prize in 1714 |
| B．show John Harrison was a great success as an inventor |
| C．show that the government is very grateful to John Harrison |
| D．explain what gave Mr Cameron the idea of starting the competition |
We can infer(推断) from Paragraphs 4 and 5 that .
| A．ships no longer get lost at sea with Harrison’s invention |
| B．clocks on ships kept good time before Harrison’s invention |
| C．sailors found it hard to work out their location north and south |
| D．the sailing industry was very important in Britain around the 1700s |
Which of the following is true according to the text?
| A．John Harrison was sure that he would win the prize. |
| B．The million pound prize will go to a British scientist. |
| C．The British government pays special attention to the nation’s creativity. |
| D．A replacement for oil is considered as the toughest problem by the scientists. |
Greek(希腊)Roman(罗马) Festival
Friday, April 28th
You can join one group. As a member of the group, you will take part in at least ONE of the following activities.
1Compete in an Olympic event. Remember there is only small space for each event, so don’t be late.
Hercules Throw. Throw a football through a hoop(圈) 20 feet away.
Three Headed Race Three people line up with touching legs tied. Then they run 100 metres in the playground.
Toga Barrow Race This is like a wheelbarrow race. (Runners take hold of partners feet while partners walk on hands.)
2Make Greek or Roman food. Mrs Jones has a list of recipes(菜谱) from ancient(古代的) Greece and Rome. You may make American food, but be sure to give it a special, mythological(神话的) name. For example, call your chocolate cake “Zeus’s Delight.” This is a great way to practice your skills in the kitchen.
3Create a work of art for the museum. Be sure your artwork shows ancient Greek or Roman culture. Artworks may include sculptures, paintings, mosaics, drawings or models. The museum is a great place to show off your artistic talent.
4Perform a new short performance, song or dance for the talent show. Rewrite your favorite Greek myth(神话) by using modern language, or change the words of a popular song to tell a Greek or Roman story. Send your creative ideas to your English teacher for agreement. You must first perform for a group of teachers. The teachers choose the BEST performance groups for the talent show, so be sure your group has prepared for it.
This timetable will help groups know when each event will take place and where to go.
Group Number1:00-1:251:30-1:552:00-2:252:30-3:30ⅠOlympics/
Playground Museum/Library Food Court/
Dining Hall ⅡFood Court/
Dining Hall Olympics/
Playground Museum/Library ⅢMuseum/Library Food Court/
Dining Hall Olympics/
Playground Talent Show/
School TheatreWhich of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．Each student is made to take part in at least one Olympic event. |
| B．Greek myths or the songs that will be performed are rewritten by the teachers. |
| C．Greek or Roman names must be used for American food the students may cook. |
| D．Artworks shown in the museum are collected or made by the students themselves. |
What do Group Ⅲ do right after watching the artworks?
| A．Watch the talent show. |
| B．Prepare for a performance. |
| C．Taste food that students make. |
| D．Compete in the Olympic events. |
For what purpose is the festival most probably held?
| A．To improve students artistic talent. |
| B．To make students more physically strong. |
| C．To make students more creative in making foods or performing. |
| D．To help students learn about ancient Greek and Roman cultures. |
Once a traveller came into a village which was suffering from hunger. The villagers asked him to leave, for they feared he wanted them to give him food. They told him that there was no food. The traveller explained that he didn’t need any food and that, in fact, he was planning to make a soup to share with them instead. The villagers watched suspiciously as he built a fire and filled a pot with water With great ceremony(仪式), he pulled a stone from a bag, and dropped the stone into the pot of water. After a moment, he smelt the soup and shouted with excitement, “How delicious the soup is!” As the villagers began to show interest, he mentioned how good the soup would be with just a little cabbage in it. A villager brought out a cabbage to share. This episode(情节) repeated itself until the soup had cabbage, carrots, onions, and beets—indeed, a full pot of soup that could feed everyone in the village was ready. This story describes when there are not enough resources(资源), humans will store things. We do not want to share. The story of stone soup helps us realize that, in doing so, we often prevent ourselves and everyone else from having a feast(盛宴).The meaning of this story goes far beyond food. We keep to ourselves ideas, love, and energy, thinking we will be richer, but in fact we make the world, and ourselves, poorer. The traveller was able to see that the villagers were holding back, and he had the ability to inspire(激发) them to give. In this way, they created a large meal that none of them could have created alone. Are you like one of the villagers? If you come forward and share your gifts, you will inspire others to do the same. The reward is a feast that can feed many. What does the underlined word “suspiciously” most probably mean?
| A．doubtfully | B．excitedly |
| C．curiously | D．fearfully |
The traveller put a stone into the pot in order to .
| A．teach the villagers to cook a soup with stone |
| B．inspire the villagers to bring out their own food |
| C．prove to the villagers that he didn’t want their food |
| D．help villagers to survive by giving them some food |
The writer mainly wants to tell us that .
| A．storing things in hard times is human nature |
| B．a good leader is very necessary in hard times |
| C．skills are needed to inspire people to share with others |
| D．sharing is more important than keeping things to oneself |
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