They say that sticks and stones may break your bones, but words will never hurt you. Yet childhood bullying (欺凌) really can damage your long-term health. Gone are the days when bullying was considered an unavoidable and finally harmless part of growing up — just last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age.
Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and his colleagues have shown that it can have lasting physiological effects too. They tracked 1,420 nine-year-olds right through their teens. Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and asked about bullying. The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in their blood. CRP is a marker of inflammation (炎症) linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (心血管疾病) and problems like diabetes. “Because we were collecting biological samples throughout, we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement.” says Copeland. “This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.”
Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence, levels were highest in children who reported suffering from bullies. Even at the ages of 19 and 21, children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither wrongdoers nor victims. In a cruel twist, the bullies had the lowest levels of all, suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior, though Copeland stresses it doesn’t defend their actions. “The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense.” he says.
Andrea Danese at King’s College London has before shown that ill-treatment during childhood can lead to high levels of inflammation in adult life. “This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor.” he says. He suggests that care workers monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to reduce the stress of being bullied.What do you know about CRP?
| A．It relates directly to diabetes. |
| B．It is a sign of the inflammation. |
| C．It is a sign of cardiovascular disease. |
| D．It is a sign of physiological effects caused by bullying. |
What does the phrase “prior to” in Para.2 mean?
| A．through | B．during | C．after | D．before |
What can be learned from paragraph 3?
| A．CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age. |
| B．The bullies are not to blame for the health risks of the bullied. |
| C．The levels of CRP of the children once bullied are higher than their peers. |
| D．Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bullies’ actions. |
What does Andrea Danese think about childhood ill-treatment?
| A．Copeland’s study shows nothing related to it. |
| B．It doesn’t have much to do with inflammation in adult life. |
| C．The stress of being bullied is reduced through psychotherapy. |
| D．Psychological treatment might help solve the problem caused by ill-treatment. |
What is the main idea of this passage?
| A．Bullying is beneficial to the bullies. |
| B．CRP levels reflect the risks of poorer health. |
| C．Bullying has lasting harmful effects on a person. |
| D．Bullying leads to high CRP levels. |
I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one it’s so simple. And I liked the stories behind them，which made me forget all other things. McDonald’s，Apple and Mercedes Benz own great logos as well，and they are among my very favorites.
Nike
In the Greek myth，Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers. This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nike’s logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for＄35，and was registered as a trademark in 1995.
McDonald’S
The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler like the arch-shaped signs on the side of the company’s then a walk-up hamburger stand. Later on，the two golden arches were combined together to form the M. The McDonald’s name was added to the logo in 1968.
Apple
There are different stories behind Apple’s logo. The first logo was a reference to the religious story of Adam and Eve，in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year later，the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne，and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didn’t stay long. One year later it was replaced almost immediately by Rob Janoff’s“rainbow apple”，a rain bow-colored silhouette（轮廓）of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998．It has not been changed so far.
Mercedes Benz
The Mercedes Benz logo，which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimlar in 1909，consists of a simple description of a three-pointed star that represents its rule of the land，the sea and the air. The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Mercedes is the name of Maybach’s elder daughter，while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz&Cie. and DMG.
1. What does the author think of the stories of the great logos？
A. They are boring. B. They are out of date.
C. They are attractive. D. They are practical.
2．What does Nike’s logo stand for?
A. The goddess of victory. B. The source of inspiration for soldiers.
C. The statue of the Greek goddess. D. The wing of the Greek goddess.
3．We can learn that Apple’s present logo is ______.
A. the religious story of Adam and Eve B. a bitten apple with only one color
C. Newton’s sitting under an apple tree D. the rainbow-colored bitten apple
4．Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos？
A. Mercedes Benz—McDonald’s—Nike—Apple
B. Nike一McDonald’s—Apple—Mercedes Benz
C. McDonald’s—Apple—Nike—Mercedes Benz
D. Nike—Mercedes Benz—McDonald’s—Apple
There was a story many years ago of a school teacher-Mrs. Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. He didn’t play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him.
Then Mrs.Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs.Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs.Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when, like all her other students， Teddy brought her a Christmas present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香水).
Teddy said, “Mrs. Thompson, today you smell just like my Mom used to .”After the children left she cried for at least an hour. On that very day, she stopped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began to teach children.
Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he improved. By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.
Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he had finished high school, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs. Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed， Theodore F. Stoddard, M.D.(医学博士).
The story doesn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered in Mrs. Thompson’s ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson, for believing in me. You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference.”
Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you.”
1. What did Mrs. Thompson do on the first day of school?
A.She made Teddy feel ashamed.
B.She asked the children to play with Teddy.
C.She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.
D.She told the class something untrue about herself.
2. What did Mrs. Thompson find out about Teddy ?
A.He often told lies. B.He was good at math.
C.He needed motherly care. D. He enjoyed playing with others.
3. In what way did Mrs. Thompson change ?
A.She taught fewer school subjects.
B.She became stricter with her students.
C.She no longer liked her job as a teacher.
D.She cared more about educating students.
4 Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thompson at his wedding?
A.She had kept in touch with him. B.She had given him encouragement.
C.She had sent him Christmas presents. D.She had taught him how to judge people.
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.
Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling----jealousy(嫉妒). The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and she does not
1. Greenhorn now refers to ____.
A. a person who is new in a job B. a new solider
C. a young horse D. None of above
2. A person who has a green thumb is a person ____.
A. who is good at growing plants
B. whose thumbs are in green color
C. whose garden is greener than others’
D. who is younger than his neighbors
3. The author is actually talking about ___
A. colors B. language C. politics D. agriculture
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In about the 16th century, a greenhorn meant an experienced soldier.
B. The Green Revolution may have some connection with green thumbs.
C. The green-eyed monster was probably created by William Shakespeare.
D. The green-eyed monster can be used to describe a person who is jealous.
四．阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）
British newspapers are among the oldest and most famous in the world. But recently big changes have seen these traditional publications try to fit the modern world. After 221 years, The Times (《泰晤士报》) has changed its size to become much smaller. In fact, the paper has cut its size in half from a broadsheet to tabloid.
In Britain the newspaper market is divided between the larger broadsheets and the smaller tabloids. These terms refer to the size of the papers’ pages, but there is also a clear difference in content. Broadsheets such as the Times, the Guardian (《卫报》) and Daily Telegraph (《每日电讯报》) are serious papers. They cover a broad range of political, economic and international issues. Their stories are also reasonably long and use quite formal language.
Tabloids have far more stories about less serious issues such as celebrities’（名人） love lives. Their stories are shorter and use more simple language. Tabloids often have bigger pictures. Britain’s best-selling newspaper, the Sun, is a tabloid and has a naked (裸体的) girl on page three every day.
By changing to the size of a tabloid, the Times is following in the footsteps of a less famous broadsheet paper the Independent (《独立报》). It changed to tabloid last year and saw its sales increase greatly. Although both papers have switched to the smaller size, the content of the papers has remained the same. They are both still serious papers.
The two papers claim that people find the smaller size easier to handle when they travel to work on the bus or the train in the morning. Instead of calling the new style of their paper tabloid, the paper says its new size is “compact” (紧凑型).
1. In which year was The Times born?
A. 1782 B. 1785 C. 1788 D. 1786
2. Which is the most correct statement?
A. Broadsheets are larger in size while tabloids are smaller.
B. Tabloids are less serious than broadsheets.
C. Broadsheets contain more news than tabloids.
D. They are different in size, content and the style of language.
3. In which of the following newspapers would you find more news about the personal life of the famous soccer star Beckham?
A. The Sun B. The Times C. The Independent D. The Guardian
4. According to the passage, we can infer the main reason for The Times' changing into the tabloid is that_____.
A. it wants to become convenient for people to carry.
B. it wants to increase its circulation (发行量).
C. it intends to copy what The Independent has done.
D. it is unlikely to stay in business if it does not change.
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the given information?
A. There are more tabloids than broadsheets in Britain at present.
B. After the change, there will be no differences between The Sun and The Times.
C. Although The Times has cut its size, it remains a serious paper.
D. All the papers will tend to have the same style in the future.
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把…按能力分班）pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) abilities. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. And expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
1. Group work provides pupils with the opportunity_________.
A. to develop academic abilities B. to learn to teach.
C. to do some experiments D. to learn to be capable organizers.
2. By "held back" in the first paragraph the author means _________.
A. drawn to their studies B. prevented from advancing
C. made to remain in the same classes D. forced to study in the lower classes
3. In the passage the author's attitude towards " mixed-ability teaching" is ________.
A.questioning B. approving C. objective D. critical
4. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _________.
A. offer advice on the proper use of the library
B. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
C. argue for teaching bright and not -so-bright pupils in the same class
D. recommend pair work and group-work for classroom activities
5. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's _____.
A. total personality B. intellectual ability
C. learning ability and communicative skills D. personal qualities and social skills
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