Scientistshavediscoveredaspeci

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
题型阅读理解
难度中等
浏览 1387

Scientists have discovered a special biological behavior in dolphins（海豚） that could lead to a treatment for late-onset diabetes（晚发的糖尿病） in humans. Studies on dolphins found that healthy dolphins switch into a diabetic-like state overnight when they are not feeding, but return to normal when they eat the following morning.
The extraordinary finding has led scientists to suggest that dolphins have “genetic switch” that allows them to imitate diabetes while they are not feeding for a night, without suffering any ill effect.
If researchers can identify a similar genetic pathway in human, they may be able to develop drugs to effectively switch off diabetes. Some 2.2 million people in Britain have type 2 (or late-onset) diabetes, a figure that is expected to reach 4 million by 2025 as a consequence of rising levels of obesity（肥胖）.
The tissues of people with type 2 diabetes have become resistant to insulin（胰岛素）so they lose the ability to control sugar levels in their blood. The condition can damage the heart, eyes, kidneys（肾脏） and nerves and contribute to 5% of all deaths, according to the World Healthy Organization.
Dolphins appear to imitate diabetes to keep high levels of blood sugar when food is rare. Like humans, dolphins need some sugar in their blood for their brains to function normally. Venn-Watson’s team analyzed 1,000 blood samples（样本） from 52 dolphins while they didn’t eat anything overnight and fed in the morning. At night time, the dolphins’ metabolism（新陈代谢）changed greatly and showed similar characteristics to that seen in people with type 2 diabetes.
“It is our hope that this discovery can lead to new ways to prevent, treat and maybe even cure diabetes in humans,” said Stephanie Venn-Watson, director of clinical research at the National Marine Foundation in San Diego.
What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Humans get some idea of treating diabetes from dolphins.

B．Dolphins can switch into a diabetic-like state overnight.

C．Humans can suffer the same disease as dolphins.

D．Dolphins should be fed regularly to avoid diabetes.

The key to applying the finding to curing human diabetes lies in ____________.

A．producing insulin in a larger amount

B．developing drugs from healthy dolphins

C．identifying a similar genetic pathway in human

D．analyzing more blood samples from hungry dolphins

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Scientists have found a similar genetic switch in humans.

B．More British people will suffer type 2 diabetes due to obesity.

C．2.2 million people with type 2 diabetes die in Britain every year.

D．Dolphins imitate diabetes to avoid a high blood sugar level.

What will happen to dolphins if not fed for a night according to Venn-Watson?

A．Their metabolism breaks down.

B．They become resistant to insulin.

C．Their heart and kidneys are damaged.

D．They keep high levels of blood sugar.

登录免费查看答案和解析

相关试题

You Mi, a lovely and confident 17-year-old student, is the first Chinese high school student to appear on the cover of the popular young adults’ fashion magazine Seventeen.
　　“You is IN,” said Wang Lihua, Editor-in-Chief of Seventeen. “She is active and mature(成熟的) because of her knowledge on everything from academic studies, to books on art, to movies. We found she’s the very style we’re looking for to represent young people’s attitudes.”
　　You also impressed Wang with her fluent English when they first met last year. As the hostess of an English broadcasting programme at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University, You is always praised for speaking English almost like a native speaker. “I’ve built up my English by watching thousands of English DVDs since I was 10,” she explained.
　　But for You, watching isn’t enough. Last year, while in Senior 1, she met a talented boy who showed self-made DV movies at the English Corner in her school.
　　“I thought it was so cool and I knew that I should start making my own films,” she said. So she wrote a campus(校园) story, persuaded schoolmates to star in it and then began shooting a 30-minute DV movie, all in English. “I played one of the leading roles, actually I was everything in my film. I worked on it every single day during the SARS holidays,” she recalled. The movie finally became a big hit on campus, earning You a strong reputation(名气) as a DV movie director.
　　But this is not the only field she wants to master. Despite being a science student, You likes art, literature and fashion design very much.
　　“There are people who can be artists, there are people who edit books, and there are people who become film producers. But I just hope to mix all the things up!” she said. “There is an old saying I believe: Chance favours only the prepared mind.”
1. You Mi was chosen to be a cover of Seventeen, mainly because she _____.
A. is beautiful                           B. she is lovely and full of confidence
C. is active and mature                    D. has rich knowledge
2. You Mi’s fluent English is based on _____.
A. her chance to host an English broadcasting programme     B. the influence of her parents
C. her deep interest in it                               D. her making DV movie
3. The author mentioned a talented boy to show _____.
A. the great influence he had on You Mi
B. he was admired by his schoolmates
C. the young can do things as well as the adults do
D. self-made DV movies are popular at school
4.In the 30-minute DV movie, You Mi didn’t act as a(n) _____.
A. director        B. musician           C. actress         D. producer
5. We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. You Mi hopes to be a mixed talent
B. the success of a 30-minute DV movie shocked You Mi
C. You Mi dreams of becoming a scientist
D. the outbreak of SARS delayed You Mi’s studies

题型：未知
难度：未知

收藏答案/解析

PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.
Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.
Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.
Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.
56. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.              B. How Costa Rica got its name.
C. What the Costa Ricans wore.                 D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.
57. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.
A. pink and red                              B. grey and black
C. blue and green                            D. yellow and orange
58. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.
A. must go to school                         B. study in the same school
C. do not have to go to school at all            D. can choose to stop schooling at any time
59. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.
A. have lessons every day                     B. have their examinations
C. help their parents pick coffee beans          D. help their parents decorate their houses
60. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. Christopher Columbus                    B. Costa Rica
C. some products from Costa Rica             D. the education of Costa Rica

题型：未知
难度：未知

收藏答案/解析

The gigantic dam of the multi-function water control facility would be finished nine months ahead of schedule, said an engineer who is in charge of the Three Gorges Project. He said by June, the workers would have built the half-done dam from the southern bank of the river to the height of 185 meters. The Three Gorges Project will be capable of controlling the floods on the Yangtze by then and generating more electricity. And the level of the water stored in the reservoir will rise from 135 meters at present to 156 meters.
Situated near the Xiling Gorge, the easternmost gorge of the Three Gorges on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam is designed to have a length of 2,309 meters and a height of 185 meters.
It will also have the functions for flood control, power generation and navigation. It will be built from northern and southern banks of the Yangtze, which has been troubled by floods for hundreds of years.
Launched in 1993, the Three Gorges Project, including the 185-meter-high dam and 26 generators on both banks of the Yangtze, is being built in three phases. The preparations and construction of the first phase were carried out between 1993 and 1997. The Yangtze was dammed at the Three Gorges area for the first time on November 8, 1997.
The entire Three Gorges Project is expected to be completed in 2009 and by then, it will be able to generate 84.7 billion kwh of electricity every year.
63. The underlined word in the fourth paragraph might mean ____.
A. places B. periods C. gorges D. dams
64. According to the passage, we know _______.
the construction will be completed ahead of time
the biggest function of the dam is used to control flood
the Three Gorges Dam will be finished in ten years
the dam will be 156 meters tall when it is finished
65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Yangtze River was first dammed in the year 1993.
B. The water level in the reservoir will remain at 135 meters.
C. The Three Gorges Dam is on the easternmost part of the river.
D. The first phase of this project is finished in 1997.

题型：未知
难度：未知

收藏答案/解析

Have you noticed that the majority of human beings seem to focus on the negative? Bad news is often seen in the newspapers, television shows and magazines, but good news is often overlooked.
I saw a woman I was not very familiar with. She is a beautiful woman; every time I see her, I am struck by the smile on her face that can light up a whole room. So at one time I walked up to her and said, “You know, you are like liquid sunshine! Every time I see you, you give me so much joy.” I was not quite prepared for her reaction. She was blown away. Her eyes seemed about to shed tears, and she said, “That is so sweet! That is the nicest thing anyone has ever said to me!” It was as if nobody had ever told her how beautiful her appearance was. I was extremely moved by the moment I had shared with this woman.
Why not take notice of the positive and spread a little sunshine? When you are looking for beauty, you will begin to see it more and more. When you discover it, don’t be afraid to appreciate it. Not only will it make them feel good, it will make you feel good as well. I truly believe the saying, “What goes around, comes around.” When you show kindness and sincerity, you will receive it back. You may even discover — much to your surprise — that you become the friend of someone you would never have expected to get along with.
60. The woman had tears in her eyes because __________.
the man’s behavior was so rude
she was nervous about the man’s words
the man told her the fact she didn’t know
she was so excited at the man’s praise
61. Which of the following can take the place of “What goes around, comes around”?
A. The wise appreciate one another.
B. Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.
C. There is kindness to be found everywhere.
D. Everybody should learn to praise others.
62. The best title for the passage probably is _____.
Spread a little sunshine
B. Everyone likes to be praised
C. Pay attention to the positive
D. Each of us has good points

题型：未知
难度：未知

收藏答案/解析

第三部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the inner part of China. With a total length of more than 6,300 kilometers, it marches toward the East China Sea, singing the songs of the four seasons with its waves. The Yangtze River, only next to the Amazon and the Nile, is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.
The Three Gorges have showed the magic workings of nature with their beautiful mountains and waters. The peaks and rocks on the two sides are telling us the history of the region in the past billion years. Every year, many visitors around the world are attracted by the charming thousand-year-long history of the region, the great ancient relics of human civilization, and the mysterious folk tales.
Sandwiched between the mountains, the Three Gorges run across Fengjie and Wushan Mountain in Sichuan Province and Badong, Zigui and Yichang in Hubei Province, extending 193 kilometers long to include Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. The City of White Emperor in Fengjie is the important passage of the west part of the Three Gorges. Nanjinguan in Yichang is the important gateway of the east part. Along the banks of the Yangtze River, the high peaks, overhanging rocks tower, rise into the clouds, dangerous cliffs seem to reach the sky, waterfalls are spraying and sparkling, clouds and thin fogs are curling, rapids and torrents are boiling. On the whole, Xiling Gorge is dangerous for its shallow shores and rapid currents. However, Yichang is regarded by most people as the best start point to tour the Three Gorges.
56. The Yangtze River is important to Chinese people, mainly because _______.
A. it extends its way from the west to the east of China
B. the ancient Chinese civilization began here
C. the scenery on both sides is very beautiful
D. the Three Gorges is located on it
57. We can see the Three Gorges _______.
A. on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau    B. in Hubei Province
C. in Sichuan Province        D. Both A and B
58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The Three Gorges have a total length of 193 kilometers.
B. The shapes of the Three Gorges are like sandwiches.
C. The Three Gorges is famous for beautiful scenery and relics.
D. The Xiling Gorge are very dangerous for ships to sail.
59. As a tourist, you’d better go to _______ to start your trip to the Three Gorges.
A. Nanjinguan      B. Wushan       C. Badong       D. Zigui

题型：未知
难度：未知

收藏答案/解析

推荐套卷

热门套卷