Researchersareplacingroboticdo

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更新 2022-09-03
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Researchers are placing robotic dogs (机器狗) in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated (刺激),” Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote (使……成为现实) that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”
In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.
“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady. “When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”
The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.
“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry, ” Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”
“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds. ”
The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to __________.

A．understand human-animal relationship

B．make lonely old people’s life better

C．find the causes of old people’s loneliness

D．promote the animal-assisted research

In the research, the old people are asked to ____________.

A．note the activities of AIBOs

B．keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks

C．record their feelings and activity.

D．analyze the collected information

What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?

A．It is easier to keep at home.

B．It can help the disabled people.

C．It responds to all the human orders.

D．It can watch TV with its owner.

The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may _____________.

A．cure certain diseases

B．keep old people active

C．change people’s beliefs

D．look more like real dogs

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Force other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the turning, jumping funnel(漏斗) passes over a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion(爆炸) is caused by the low air pressure at the center of a tornado.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado funnel passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure on the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the great inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
　　Unfortunately, heavy rain happens in thunderstorms that later produce tornadoes. So, people often shut all windows to protect their property. This may cause far worse damage later.
63. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. Where tornadoes are formed. 　　      B. When tornadoes usually occur.
C. How tornadoes can be prevented.　　     D. Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
64. According to the passage, tornadoes can destroy building because the _____.
A. force of a tornado increases the air pressure in a building
B. air pressure at the center of a tornado is over 172,000 pounds
C. weight of a tornado can crush a building’s roof when it passes overhead
D. air pressure inside a tornado is less than the air pressure inside a building
65. According to the passage, the pressure on a building during a tornado can be reduced　　　　by _____.
A. closing the windows 　　　　　        B. opening the windows
C. using an electric fan 　　　　          D. making the roof and walls stronger

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Many of the world’s pollution problems have been caused by the crowding of large groups of people into the cities. Supply for the needs of the people leads to further pollution by industry. If the rapid increase of world population in countries continues at the present rate, there may be much greater harm to human beings. Some scientists speak of the increase in numbers of people as “population pollution.”
About 2,000 years ago, the world population was probably about 250 million. It reached a billion in 1850. By 1930 the population was two billion. It is now three and a half billion. It is expected to double by the year 2,000. If the population continues to grow at the same rate, there will be 25 billion in the world a hundred years from now.
Man has been using the earth’s resources more and more rapidly over the past years. Some of them are almost used up. Now many people believe that man’s greatest problem is how to control the growth of the population. The material supplies in the world will be far from enough to support the human population, in time to come, if the present rate of increase continues. Already there is overcrowding in many cities and starvation in some countries. Should man’s population keep on growing so rapidly as before? Many people believe that human survival in the future depends on the answer to this question.
59. The rapid increase in population is considered to be __________.
A. the increase of resources          B. population pollution
C. the development of mankind       D. the present rate
60. The world population will be _________ by the year 2,000.
A. 7 billion                  B. 250 million       C. 25 billion      D. 3.5 billion
61. If the present rate of increase continue, ________________.
A. the world is going to end
B. the earth won’t be able to support the growing population in the future
C. pollution has nothing to do with the rapidly increasing population
D. there would be four billion in the world a hundred years from now
62. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. In 1850 the world population reached a billion.
B. Man must fight a battle against population pollution.
C. The world’s population is increasing with years.
D. All of the earth’s resources are gone now.

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    Macao is only forty miles from Hong Kong and it is easy to reach. You can get there by sea. It is an interesting place and it had a long history. Macao is part of China and most people living there are Chinese.
The first Europeans to go to Macao came from Portugal. More than four hundred years ago the Portuguese went there to trade with China. Some settled and made their homes there. They built strong forts to guard the city and the harbor. They also built churches, schools, hospitals and other places. Slowly the city grew. People from many countries came to live and work in Macao.
Today many people visit Macao. Some only go there to watch dog-racing or motor-racing or to gamble with their money. But Macao is a quiet and peaceful place. It is pleasant just to walk around and look at old buildings and forts. You feel you are back in the old days. Of course, some of the buildings are now in ruins. The Church of St. Paul has only the front wall with many steps leading up to it. But it is still interesting to see.
When you are hot and tired, there are small cool gardens to rest in. When you are hungry, there are good restaurants with many kinds of food. Nearby there are some islands, which are also nice and are easy to get to. There is certainly a lot to do in Macao.
56. You feel in Macao you are back in the old days because_________.
A. most of the buildings are now in ruins
B. you can watch dog-racing or motor-racing
C. you can go about to see the old buildings and forts
D. it is a peaceful place
57. Where will you have a break when you feel worn out?
A. In good restaurants.                                       B. In small cool gardens.
C. On some islands.                                                        D. In beautiful parks.
58. The main idea of this passage seems to be that_________.
A. people from many countries came to live and work in Macao
B. Portuguese were willing to do business in China
C. people in Macao serve good food
D. Macao is a quiet and peaceful place with a lot to see and to do

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Man’s best friend could be one of the environment’s worst enemies, according to a new study that says that your pet dog’s carbon pawprint(碳足迹) is more than double that of a sports car.
Yet this point of view, made by New Zealanders Robert and Brenda Vale, has angered pet owners who feel they are being picked out as troublemakers.
The Vales, researchers in sustainable(可持续的) living, looked at popular brands of pet food and calculated that a medium-sized dog eats about 164 kilos of meat and 95 kilos of grain a year.
Combining that with the energy needed to produce that food, it means a medium-sized dog has an annual footprint of 0.84 hectares(公顷), about twice the 0.41 hectares required by a sports car driving 10,000 kilometers a year, including energy to build the car.
“Owning a dog really is quite an extravagance(奢侈), mainly because of the carbon footprint of mean. Other animals aren’t better for the environment,” the Vales say.
Cats have an eco-footprint of about 0.15 hectares a year, while two hamsters(仓鼠) are the same as a television and even the goldfish burns energy equal to two cellphones.
However, Reha Huttin, president of France’s 30 Million Friends animal rights foundation says pets are too important to human life to be got rid of.
“Everyone should work out their own environmental effect,” Huttin argude. “I should be allowed to say that I walk instead of using my car and that I don’t eat meat, so why souldn’t I be allowed to have a little cat to reduce my loneliness?”
The Vales give some solutions to reduce pets’ environmental effect, including reducing pets’ meat intake. But they said that, as with buying a car ,humans should take the environmental effect of their future compainon into account.
71．The best title of the article is "______"．
A．Work out our carbon emissions B．Reduce our pets’ meat intake
C．Be careful of keeping our pets D．Mind our pets’ carbon footprint
72．Reha Huttin’s remark really means that ______．
A．pets should not be kept as a result of consuming much food
B pets are doing no harm to the environment at all
C．people can keep pets by reducing their environmental effect
D．he prefers walking to driving to reduce his loneliness
73．We know from the article that ______．
A．a medium-sized dog eats around 95 kilos of grain and meat a year
B．a medium-sized dog has an annual footprint 5．6 times that of a cat
C．two hamsters burn the same energy as two televisions
D．a sports car running 10,000 kilometers requires 0.41 hectares of footprint
74．Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
A．The Vales insist that pets should be got rid of．
B．Some pet owners are against the Vales’ point of view．
C．Keeping pets does have a bad effect on the environment．
D．Pets’ carbon footprint should not be neglected．
75．Which of the following can help reduce pets’ environmental effect based on the text?
A．Feeding pets on less meat．
B．Working out eco-footprints of pets．
C．Keeping the goldfish instead of dogs．
D．Getting rid of pets from human life．

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Imagine your body is like the house you live in．Every day, your family creates rubbish．The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection．
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out．but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected．You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week．The following week you put on another three bags．plus the leftover bag from last week．But again, only two bags are collected．Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks．
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys （肾脏）don't work efficiently．Your body is nol thoroughly emptied of waste products．Other areas of the bodv such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins．
It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before deveoping any symptoms．There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection （诊查）difficult．
Kidney's main job is to remote toxins（毒素） and unwanted water from our blood．Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood．Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain．
Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis （透析）do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so．Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage．Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes （糖尿病）and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades．Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease．
66．The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ______．
A．it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
B．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
C．it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D．it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
67．The underlined word “insidious” in Paragrap 3 means          .
A．smooth and safe                 B．apparent and fast
C．gradual and unnoticed       D．long and painful
68．We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys,          .
A．the kidney failure begins
B．the kidneys can still work properly
C．we have lost about 10% of kidney function
D．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
69．How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?
A．Six.     B．Five. C．Four. D．Two.
70．Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?
A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D．Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.

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